scholarly journals Simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in typical agricultural and forested basins as well as relevant reduction effect based on SWAT model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Li ◽  
Chen Zhe ◽  
Liu Hui-ying ◽  
Wang Dun-qiu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Reduction Effect

Abstract Non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is a critical threat to aquatic ecosystems and a potential risk to drinking water safety. To precisely control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the river basin, in this study, we identified key pollution areas of the river basin, analyzed the main characteristics of pollution sources as well as their contribution to the river basin pollution, and conducted simulation analysis on reduction measures based on the SWAT model. The results showed that: (1) The simulation effect of the calibrated model was good, and sub-basins 3, 39 and 96 were the key source areas, the main sources of pollution were combined pollution from livestock and poultry breeding and planting industry; (2) crops had the largest input and output for both nitrogen and phosphorus, the output of which was 6,137.8 t/a and 562.4 t/a respectively. The urban point sources had the highest output rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, 75.7% and 67.5% respectively; (3) with the optimal combination of reduction measures, nitrogen and phosphorus were reduced by 1,438.9 t and 85.3 t respectively, i.e., the reduction rates were the highest. The reduction effect for total nitrogen was better than that for total phosphorus.

Basic approaches to abatement of water pollution caused by non-point sources in the Volga river basin.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Polianin ◽  
Natalia Kirpichnikova
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

<p>The Volga River is the largest river in Europe and the main waterway of the western part of Russia. The total number of cases of high and extremely high pollution of surface waters in the river basin in 2016 and 2017 amounted to 988 and 939, respectively, which is about 30-35% of the total number of registered cases in the Russian Federation.<br>Traditionally the main factors affecting water quality are considered to be insufficiently treated industrial effluents and municipal sewage systems. In this regard, until recently, the regulatory actions of water protection in Russia have been the management of discharges and the reuse of wastewater, i.e. the management of point sources of pollution. However, despite some progress in that direction and the overall decline in wastewater discharges, partly as a result of the decline in industrial production, such a one-sided approach had not had the expected effect and, according to official statistics and reports, there had been no significant improvement in the ecological state of water bodies and in the quality of the Volga water. The recent research conducted by Water Problem Institute jointly with other leading Russian institutions and scientific organizations in 2018-19 within the framework of National project of rehabilitation of the Volga river has shown that such a situation took place mainly due to the lack of attention to non-point sources of pollution, particularly to agricultural activities, industrial sites, urban and suburban land development, landfills and areas of «accumulated environmental damage». <br>These studies, as well as the synthesis of the results of surveys carried out within the Volga basin in previous years, show that the volume of pollutants such as oil products, organic substances, suspended solids, heavy metals (zinc, copper) from non-point sources exceeds (in some cases repeatedly) that of the point sources. For example, for the catchment area of the Upper Volga, it has been established that the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus coming from non-point sources is on average 45-55% of the total nutrient load, and for oil products and suspended substances this value can exceed 90%, especially during rainfall and spring flood events.<br>A general conception has been under developing and discussion to prevent further pollution of the Volga region including issues of monitoring, evaluation of diffuse loads, enhancing water protection programs and preventing negative effects of human activities at the scale of river catchments.</p>

Evaluation of total nitrogen pollution reduction strategies in a river basin: a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Droic ◽  
J. Zagorc-Končan ◽  
M. Cotman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation

The enrichment of groundwater and rivers by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and their consequences is one of the most severe problems across Europe as well in Slovenia. Transfer of nutrients from different sources into the environment causes eutrophication of surface waters, nitrate accumulation in groundwater, and others. In this paper, the methodology of the material flow analysis is presented and applied to develop a nitrogen balance in a river basin and to evaluate different scenarios for total nitrogen pollution reduction. Application of the methodology is illustrated by means of a case study on the Krka river, Slovenia. Different scenarios are to be considered: the present level of sewerage and treatment capacities, different stages of wastewater treatment and management of agricultural activities on land. The results show that beside effluents from wastewater treatment plants, agriculture contributes significantly to the total annual nitrogen load. Beside reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen in order to protect river water quality and drinking water supply should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.

scholarly journals Estimating Point and Non-Point Sources of Pollution in Biñan River Basin, the Philippines

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. Amaya ◽  
T.A. Gonzales ◽  
E.C. Hernandez ◽  
E.V. Luzano ◽  
N.P. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE SŁUPIA RIVER (POLAND)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Anna Jarosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The One

The objective of this paper was to present the water quality changes of the one of Polish rivers - Słupia River, located in the Pomeranian Region. The Słupia River receives pollutants derived from non-point and point sources of pollution. This is due to the agricultural and forested character of the river’s basin and the location of the towns of Słupsk and Ustka on the river. The elaboration covers the period from 1988 to 2007 and is based on hydrological data, completed as a part of surface water monitoring programme run by the Inspectorate for Environment Protection and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The changes of physicochemical properties of Słupia River i.e. phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, BOD5, and amounts of heavy metals were studied. Presented data, showed that the Słupia River has responded to a major nutrient loading reduction. The current concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus form in river allows qualifying the water to first quality class.

The role of non-point nutrient sources in water pollution - present situation, countermeasures, outlook

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Werner ◽  
H.-P. Wodsak
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Water Drain ◽  
Quantitative Importance

In a recent estimation of the quantitative importance of diffuse and point sources on the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of surface waters in both parts of Germany just before the reunification, the share of the diffuse sources on the total input was found very similar in the case of N (56 and 57%), but different in the case of P (42% in the old FRG and 33% in the former GDR). The diffuse N and P inputs are dominated by the joint pathways ground water/drain water and soil erosion/surface run off, respectively. The reduction of the diffuse pollution potential until 1995 (compared to 1987/89) is estimated with about 18% for N and 30% for P. This is far below the governmental target of a 50% reduction in the period 1985 to 1995. The reasons, why the up-to-now success of the different countermeasures against diffuse water pollution with N and P from agriculture is still unsatisfactory are discussed. Demands for an accelerated implementation of efficient countermeasures have to be addressed by both farmers and politicians.

Non-point sources of pollution from cultivated lands in river districts and their contribution to water bodies along the North Han River Basin in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 2301-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Leen Yun ◽  
Jae Hwan Ahn ◽  
Kyung-Sok Min ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Chu ◽  
Chul Yong Um ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Han River ◽  
The North ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Han River Basin

Drainage basin security of hazardous chemical fluxe in the Yodo River basin

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Infrastructure Finance

The Yodo River basin consists of three major tributary basins (and other small river basins) namely Uji, Katsura and Kizu, which overlap respectively Shiga, Kyoto and Nara prefectures' administrative areas. Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan, drains water through the Uji river. The water quality of the lake, in terms of BOD, continuously improved over the last decade. However, the quality in terms of COD did not show any improvement in spite of a large amount of infrastructure finance being introduced. Eutrophication of the lake still continues, showing no improvement in the nitrogen concentration level. Non-point as well as point source control is not strong enough. There is a gap between BOD and COD evaluations of the lake water quality. Hazardous chemical fluxes are estimated based upon PRTR reports of Japan (2001). PCBs are still discharged into the lake, although the report of Shiga Prefecture showed zero discharge. Dace fish monitoring clearly showed that PCB contamination of the fish had not changed since the 1980s in spite of a ban on use and production of PCBs in the 1970s. There is still leakage of PCBs into the lake. The major exposure of dioxins to Japanese is fish rather than meat and eggs. The risk of water contamination must take into consideration not only drinking water safety but also ecological magnification of food chains in water. The ecological health aspect of hazardous chemicals is also important, such as organotins with imposex of sea snails. Finally, public participation in hazardous chemical management is very important using the method of risk communication based upon the annual report of PRTR in Japan.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of nutrients and organic matter in urban stream

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Oxana Erina ◽  
Dmitriy Sokolov ◽  
Maria Tereshina ◽  
Jessica Vasil’chuk ◽  
Nikolay Kasimov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The study presents the results of water quality evaluation in the Setun River watershed, located entirely within the limits of the Moscow City. Multiple point and non-point sources of pollution cause the nutrient and organic matter content of the river and its tributaries to significantly differ from the natural background. Maximum nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were observed at the upper reaches of the river during the summer low flow due to the landfill impact. Because of the extreme nutrient pollution at the river’s upper course, subsequent water inflow, even from significantly polluted tributaries, has a diluting effect, and the nutrient concentration decreases downstream. The effect of urbanization on the organic matter content is reflected in elevated COD and BOD values that exceed the national environmental guidelines. Seasonal dynamics of organic matter content includes increased organic matter during snowmelt and its relatively low content during summer.

scholarly journals Problems and countermeasures of drinking water safety provision in rural areas of the Yellow River Basin

资源科学 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Xing YUAN ◽  
Chang KONG ◽  
Li WANG ◽  
Binggan WEI ◽  
Hairong LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
The Yellow River Basin
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