scholarly journals Non-parametric optimization technique for water distribution in pipe networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3068-3082
Author(s):  
Nikita Palod ◽  
Vishnu Prasad ◽  
Ruchi Khare
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Hydraulic Network

Abstract Water distribution networks (WDN) contribute the massive cost of pipes in total water distribution system (WDS) design, thus the optimal design of any WDN is more of a necessity than a requirement. Various evolutionary algorithms (EAs) proposed in the past involve the use of algorithm-specific parameters and their synchronizing to get the optimal solution and thus require more computational effort and time. To overcome this drawback, the present work introduces an optimization technique, JayaNet, which is the integration of the Jaya algorithm and hydraulic network solver EPANET 2. The best part of this technique is that no algorithm-specific parameter is to be synchronized for optimal cost but there needs to be adjustment of penalty parameter and population size based on network size. Four well-known benchmark networks with different sizes and layout have been taken and optimized using JayaNet. The results are compared with those obtained from other EAs. It is found that optimized costs obtained for four networks by JayaNet are either the same or less than the results obtained from other EAs even with a lower number of function evaluations (NFE). The NFE are found to increase with population size in all networks. The statistical parameter obtained from JayaNet is also compared for different networks.

Security and redundancy in trunk main distribution networks

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
A. Wallen ◽  
T. Woodward ◽  
R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
System A ◽  
Hydraulic Network ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

A methodology is being developed that may be incorporated in a hydraulic network modelling tool to analyse redundancy in the trunk main network of a water distribution system. A rigorous definition of the terms redundancy and security are given in this paper. Redundancy in the trunk main infrastructure is assessed in terms of supply security, which is the probability of water of adequate pressure, quality and appearance reaching the demand nodes. Supply security is increased by providing multiple supply routes to demand nodes so that there is minimal supply interruption in the case of failure of a network component. This paper presents a method that evaluates supply security under network conditions caused by trunk main failures. The supply security level ensured by multiple pipe routes is compared with the costs of maintaining additional routes. Three indices are used as measures of the cost of additional infrastructure: network condition, water age and link failure probability. The fitness of a trunk main system is evaluated in terms of supply security and infrastructure costs. The system may then be modified using a genetic algorithm to create a population of reduced networks, from which infrastructure which may be redundant has been removed. The fitness of each reduced network is assessed, compared with the fittest network, and progressive generations are developed using the algorithm, until an improved network is selected.

Analisis Hidrolis dan Jejak Karbon Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih di Pulau Kecil Padat Penduduk (Pulau Lengkang Kecil, Kota Batam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki Apritama ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Yosef Adicita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACTThe clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon

scholarly journals Optimal Regulation of Pumping Station in Water Distribution Networks Using Constant and Variable Speed Pumps: A Technical and Economical Comparison

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Bruno Molino ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Optimal Regulation ◽  
Energy Consuming

Greenhouse gas emission is one of the main environmental issues of today, and energy savings in all industries contribute to reducing energy demand, implying, in turn, less carbon emissions into the atmosphere. In this framework, water pumping systems are one of the most energy-consuming activities. The optimal regulation of pumping systems with the use of variable speed drives is gaining the attention of designers and managing authorities. However, optimal management and operation of pumping systems is often performed, employing variable speed drives without considering if the energy savings are enough to justify their purchasing and installation costs. In this paper, the authors compare two optimal pump scheduling techniques, optimal regulation of constant speed pumps by an optimal ON/OFF sequence and optimal regulation with a variable speed pump. Much of the attention is devoted to the analysis of the costs involved in a hypothetical managing authority for the water distribution system in order to determine whether the savings in operating costs is enough to justify the employment of variable speed drives.

Use of Hydraulic Network Model for Evaluating Fire Flow Capacity of a Water Distribution Network

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.C. Izinyon ◽  
B.U. Anyata
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Hydraulic Network

A WaterCAD hydraulic network model of the existing Ikpoba Hill Benin City water distribution system was constructed and calibrated for steady state simulation studies using the network’s physical, operational and calibration data. The model was then used for available fire flow analysis and system improvement design. Our study reveals that the existing network has available fire flow of O l/s and hence cannot provide needed flow for fire suppression. However, the proposed improved network with increased diameters of existing pipes and which also takes into account expected future growth has available fire flow of between 29.6l/s and 40l/s at the nodes in the network.On the basis of available fire flow at the nodes in the system, hydrant tagging, numbering and colour coding which can effectively increase the fire fighting ability of the fire department can be undertaken.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Segment Graph of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Huzsvár ◽  
Richárd Wéber ◽  
Csaba János Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Graph Properties ◽  
Quantitative Topology ◽  
The Impact

One of the basic infrastructures of every settlement is the water distribution system, which provides clean and potable water for both private houses, industrial consumers and institution establishments. The operational robustness and vulnerabilities of these networks is an essential issue, both for the quality of life and for the preservation of the environment. Even with frequent and careful maintenance, unintentional pipe bursts might occur, and during the reparation time, the damaged section must be isolated hydraulically from the main body of the water distribution network. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, it might not be trivial how to isolate the burst section, especially if one wishes to minimize the impact on the overall system. This paper presents an algorithmic method that is capable of creating isolation plans for real-life networks in a computationally efficient way, based on the graph properties of the network. Besides this segmentation plan, the topological behavior of the structural graph properties was analyzed with the help of the complex network theory to create a method for the quantitative topology based categorization of the water distribution networks.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Model Calibration and Performance Assessment of Pressure Managed Areas with Multiple Inlets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bibok ◽  
Roland Fülöp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Pressure Setting ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Pressure management is a widely adopted technique in the toolset of drinking water distribution system operators. It has multiple benefits, like reducing physical losses in pipe networks with excessive leakage, prolong the expected lifetime of the pipes and protecting home appliances from unacceptably high pressure. In some cases, even legislation compliance can be the motivation behind pressure management: It is mandatory to supply water at the customer’s connection between 1.5 and 6.0 bar in Hungary since 2011. Diaphragm pressure reducing valves are widespread in the drinking water distribution networks. Although, their sensitivity for gas pocket accumulation in the valve house makes hydraulic calibration of these pressure managed areas a challenging task for hydraulic modelers and network operators. This is especially true when more than one inlet is used to supply the same area in order to increase resilience and flow capacity.This paper investigates the hydraulic properties of pressure reduced areas with multiple inlet points. Model calibration using a single valve and minor loss was found insufficient because the additional pressure loss referenced to the pressure setting has a non-quadratic relationship with flow-rate on the discharge side under real-life circumstances. This phenomenon can be handled by using a PRV (pressure reducing valve) + GPV (general purpose valve) in series.

Comparison of deterministic and heuristic optimization solvers for water network scheduling problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bene ◽  
I. Selek ◽  
Cs. Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Schedule Optimization ◽  
Optimization Solvers

This paper presents a novel approximate dynamic programming technique for solving the pump schedule optimization of real-water distribution networks. The method is based on the significant decreasing of the search space by splitting the optimization problem into smaller units. In addition, the state space of the main distribution system was further reduced to the most important reservoirs. The capabilities of the proposed technique are demonstrated on a real-life problem, the water distribution system of the town of Sopron, Hungary. Nine test cases were defined which represent different initial water level scenarios, thus the new application was easy to compare to a former developed genetic algorithm and to some world-leading optimization solvers which are available on the NEOS Server. The benefits and drawbacks of these deterministic and heuristic methods are highlighted.

scholarly journals Using real options for an eco-friendly design of water distribution systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marques ◽  
Maria Cunha ◽  
Dragan A. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Real Options Approach ◽  
Materials Used

This paper presents a real options approach to handling uncertainties associated with the long-term planning of water distribution system development. Furthermore, carbon emissions associated with the installation and operation of water distribution networks are considered. These emissions are computed by taking an embodied energy approach to the different materials used in water networks. A simulated annealing heuristic is used to optimise a flexible eco-friendly design of water distribution systems for an extended life horizon. This time horizon is subdivided into different time intervals in which different possible decision paths can be followed. The proposed approach is applied to a case study and the results are presented according to a decision tree. Lastly, some comparisons and results are used to demonstrate the quality of the results of this approach.

scholarly journals The Water Distribution System Performance in Sekar Gading Residence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2159-2163
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Reliability Level

Water distribution systems are built to meet the water needs of a city or community. The management of water distribution can be conducted by government agencies as well as independently as in Sekar Gading Residence. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of water network service managed by Sekar Gading Residence Service by analyzing the performance of network service to network ability in fulfilling minimum requirement of customer from water discharge side. The result of debit analysis from water meter showed that the reliability level was 70%. While, the system can be considered to be satisfactory if the minimum reliability level of 80% is fulfilled. Therefore, the water management system would be n failling condition about 2.94 months, and with very failure rate varying between 14.29% to 71.43% deficit. The conclusion of this study is the performance of clean water network service in Sekar Gading Housing was not up to the optimal solution.

scholarly journals A Six Sigma Approach to Water Savings

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ryland Cairns ◽  
Michael Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of a six sigma approach to reducing water losses through a combination of water efficiency and leak detection on a private distribution system. The paper takes the form of a case study that investigates the implementation of water reduction strategy across an estate with 26 miles of potable water pipe and over 200 facilities. This incorporates methods developed in the water industry such as water loss reduction and water demand management. The paper demonstrates that large water savings could be made through adoption of a six sigma approach. The approach has the potential to be applied to a wide range of situations including sites with limited technology. This case study provides a useful source for Facilities Managers involved in the management of utilities to determine suitable water saving approaches and strategies for large estates with private water distribution networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document