scholarly journals Water–energy nexus for estuarine systems with seasonal salinity variations: a thermodynamic feasibility analysis of reverse osmosis (RO)–pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) combinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2415-2427
Author(s):  
Arijit Chakraborty ◽  
Anirban Roy
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Estuarine Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Feasibility ◽  
Appreciable Variation ◽  
Salinity Variations

Abstract The underlying philosophy of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)–reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid technology is the assumption of the availability of ‘fresh’ water for the purpose, which gets severely affected once the fresh-water streams undergo seasonal salinity variations. In the present article, the authors have tried to understand the overall feasibility of PRO-RO combination in such estuarine systems with appreciable variation of seasonal salinity. The article first discusses the feasibility of pretreating the feed of PRO using RO and later understanding the feasibility of PRO as supplemental technology to existing RO units. It was found that pretreating the PRO feed in such estuarine systems was energetically infeasible. However, PRO as supporting technology was found to produce energy of around 0.0994 kWh for 50% recovery. It was also concluded that with a fraction of RO permeate used for PRO, energy savings increase for estuarine systems with seasonal salinity variations.

Design Optimization of a Solar-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination System for Small Communities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Mohamed El Morsi ◽  
Ashraf O. Nassef ◽  
Sayed Metwalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solar Powered

Fresh water availability is essential for the economic development in small communities in remote areas. In desert climate, where naturally occurring fresh water is scarce, seawater or brackish water from wells is often more abundant. Since water desalination approaches are energy intensive, a strong motivation exists for the design of cost-effective desalination systems that utilize the abundant renewable energy resource; solar energy. This paper presents an optimization model of a solar-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system. RO systems rely on pumping salty water at high pressure through semi-permeable membrane modules. Under sufficient pressure, water molecules will flow through the membranes, leaving salt ions behind, and are collected in a fresh water stream. Since RO system are primarily powered via electricity, the system model incorporates photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage for smoothing out fluctuations in the PV power output, as well as allowing system operation for a number of hours after sunset. Design variables include sizing of the PV solar collectors, battery storage capacity, as well as the sizing of the RO system membrane module and power elements. The objective is to minimize the cost of unit volume produced fresh water, subject to constraints on production capacity. A genetic algorithm is used to generate and compare optimal designs for two different locations near the Red Sea and Sinai.

Does Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Help Reverse Osmosis in Desalination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 4366-4374
Author(s):  
Abdon Parra ◽  
Mario Noriega ◽  
Lidia Yokoyama ◽  
Miguel Bagajewicz
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid processes: Model-based scenario study

Desalination ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Shane A. Snyder ◽  
Joon Ha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Scenario Study

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Efficiency, Operation Costs, Carbon Footprint and Ecological Footprint with Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Seawater Desalination Plants

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Federico Leon ◽  
Alejandro Ramos ◽  
S. Ovidio Perez-Baez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

This article shows the optimization of the reverse osmosis process in seawater desalination plants, taking the example of the Canary Islands, where there are more than 320 units of different sizes, both private and public. The objective is to improve the energy efficiency of the system in order to save on operation costs as well as reduce the carbon and ecological footprints. Reverse osmosis membranes with higher surface area have lower energy consumption, as well as energy recovery systems to recover the brine pressure and introduce it in the system. Accounting for the operation, maintenance and handling of the membranes is also important in energy savings, in order to improve the energy efficiency. The energy consumption depends on the permeate water quality required and the model of the reverse osmosis membrane installed in the seawater desalination plant, as it is shown in this study.

Use of Pressure-Retarded-Osmosis to reduce Reverse Osmosis energy consumption by exploiting hypersaline flows

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 118969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bargiacchi ◽  
Francesco Orciuolo ◽  
Lorenzo Ferrari ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis
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