scholarly journals Ecological Water Quality Index associated with factor analysis to classify surface waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1884-1896
Author(s):  
Hayal Boyacıoğlu ◽  
Hülya Boyacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Ecological Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Importance

Abstract The object of this study was the development of a new water quality index called the Ecological Water Quality Index (EWQI) which is flexible enough to represent the ecological status of surface waters by assessing chemical quality based on supranational legislation. Eleven variables including nutrients, salts and total parameters were selected as index components. Threshold values were assigned to seven water-quality classes as defined by the legislation and were used to develop mathematical equations to convert observed values to index scores. Depending on the ecological importance of the parameters, weights were assigned to each variable and then a weighted sum method was performed to aggregate sub-indices. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in two basins located in Turkey. Factor analysis was applied to optimize the index component selection process. Several alternatives were tested to comprise at least one variable from each defined factor class (e.g. salinity content) to calculate an index score representing ecological status. Results showed that there were slight differences between index scores of the various tested alternatives. These differences did not cause misclassification of surface waters. The study showed that the EWQI method combined with factor analysis could be a practical and efficient way to represent the ecological status of surface waters.

scholarly journals 2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment based on the Water Quality Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daissy Milena Díaz-Casallas ◽  
Mario Fernando Castro-Fernández ◽  
Elvira Bocos ◽  
Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin ◽  
Rubén González Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Quality Of Water

This article provides a deep analysis of the water quality at the upper basin of the Bogota River (Colombia) between 2008 and 2017. The Water Quality Index has been the indicator employed to determine the ecological status of the river. This index was chosen in order to normalize the analysis, given that it is commonly used by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, a government agency of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia, to determine the state of surface effluents. The results obtained were organized in a double-entry matrix in order to relate the variables of the sample period and the sampling station. The research revealed an insufficient quality of water, demonstrating that the high stretch of the Bogota River basin has, in general, regular or acceptable water quality, while only five stations showed an acceptable status. Surprisingly, the stations located close to the wastewater treatment plants of the municipalities of Choconta, Suesca, Gachancipa, and Tocancipa, as well as Rio Negro, have a poor water quality, discharging a high load of contaminants into the river. Although great efforts have been made by Colombian authorities to restore the critical state of the majority of their aquatic ecosystems, recent implementation of policies and instruments have not shown significant achievements yet. For this reason, this study aims to present a powerful decision-tool for the monitoring and evaluation of correction measures implemented on this river basin. The data used in this research were provided by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca.

A Generalized Water Quality Index Based on Multivariate Factor Analysis

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Joung ◽  
W. W. Miller ◽  
C. N. Mahannah ◽  
J. C. Guitjens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Multivariate Factor Analysis

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of the Montenegrin part of the Lim river using the Serbian water quality index (SWQI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Filip Vujović ◽  
Mladen Delić ◽  
Darko Smolović
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The paper analyzes the water quality of the Montenegrin part of the Lim River using the Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI) method. This method uses ten physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters (temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, oxygen saturation, BOD5 , suspended solids, total nitrogen oxides, orthophosphates, ammonium, coliform bacteria) and summarizes them in a water quality index number. Data from the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro (IHMS) from the Annual Reports on Water Quality from 2010 to 2018 were used to assess water quality. The results of this research, according to SWQI, show that in the upper course of the Montenegrin part of the Lim, at the control stations Plav and Andrijevica, water has excellent quality. Downstream, passing through the urban areas of Berane and Bijelo Polje at the control stations Skakavac, Zaton, Bijelo Polje, Dobrakovo, the water quality enters the class of very good and good quality. The results of average SWQI values at all control stations for the research period of eight years indicate that the quality in the Montenegrin part of the Lim River can be classified as very good (87). The paper confirms the importance of the SWQI as a useful method for presenting water quality data despite its many advantages and disadvantages. In order to achieve relevant results and the actual ecological status of the river, it is necessary to apply the Water Quality Index (WQI), which includes inorganic parameters.

scholarly journals Aplicação de um índice de qualidade de água em dois trechos (urbano e rural) da bacia do córrego Guanandy, Aquidauana – MS / Water quality index application in two stretches (urban and rural) of Guanandy stream basin, Aquidauana – MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (54) ◽  
pp. 630-649
Author(s):  
Adriana De Barros ◽  
Valter Guimarães ◽  
Waleska Souza Carvalho Santana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
First Moment ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Quality Surface

A interferência do homem é uma das maiores causas de alteração da qualidade da água, portanto, o uso e ocupação do solo têm uma implicação direta na qualidade da água. Desse modo, a aplicação de índices de qualidade de água tem sido uma alternativa para acompanhar as alterações dos parâmetros de uma bacia hidrográfica, sejam elas de origem antrópica ou natural. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e classificar as águas da bacia do córrego Guanandy através da utilização de um índice de qualidade de água (IQA). As coletas de água foram realizadas nos meses de janeiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, e os pontos foram escolhidos de acordo com o grau de interferência ambiental das atividades desenvolvidas na bacia, visando estabelecer os efeitos de sua ocorrência no ecossistema, bem como sua inter-relação com a área de entorno. Ao se aplicar o índice de qualidade de água, observou-se que na primeira campanha, a maioria dos pontos tiveram suas águas caracterizadas como “muito ruim”, e na segunda coleta a maioria dos pontos foi agrupada como “ruim”. A aparente melhora na qualidade das águas do córrego no segundo período pode estar relacionada à intensidade das chuvas nesse período, ocasionando o aumento da vazão do curso d’água e a consequente diluição da concentração dos nutrientes.  As variáveis que mais contribuíram para o baixo IQA nesses períodos foram, principalmente, a elevada contagem de coliformes e a reduzida taxa de oxigênio dissolvido, que são parâmetros ligados diretamente às atividades antrópicas na bacia.Palavras-chave: atividade antrópica; qualidade de água; águas superficiais.Abstract Human interference is one of the major causes of water quality alteration, therefore, the use and occupation of the soil has direct implication in water quality. Thus, water quality index application has been an alternative to accompany changes in the parameters of a river basin, whether of anthropic or natural origin. This study aims to characterize and classify the waters of the Guanandy stream basin through the use of water quality index (IQA). Water samples were collected in January 2017 and January 2018, and the spots were chosen according to the degree of environmental interference of the activities that were developed in the basin, aiming to establish the effects of their occurrence on the ecosystem, as well as their relation to the surrounding area. When applying the water quality index, we observed that in the first moment, most of the samples had their waters marked as "very bad", and in the second, most of the samples as "bad". The apparent improvement in the water quality of the stream in the second period may be related to the intensity of rainfall during this period, increasing watercourse flow and, consequently, diluting nutrient concentration. The variables that mostly contributed to the low IQA in the mentioned periods were, mainly, the high counts of coliforms and the low rate of dissolved oxygen, which are standards directly related to the anthropic activities in the basin. Keywords: anthropic activity; water quality; surface waters.

scholarly journals Entropy - System Approach to Assess the Ecological Status of Reservoirs in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Simonyan ◽  
Gevorg Pirumyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Index Index ◽  
Canadian Water Quality Index

In this article, the quality of water in the reservoirs of Lake Arpi, Lake Yerevan, Akhuryan, Azat, Aparan and Kechut was estimated with usage of the Armenian Water Quality Index. It was established that in the waters of reservoirs the the maximum permissible concentration of copper, vanadium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, NH4+ and NO2- regularly increases. The following computational algorithm was used for determination of the Armenian Water Quality Index values: to determine the number of cases of MPC excess of i-substance or indicator of water –n; to estimate the total amount of cases of the maximum permissible concentration (N) – N = ∑n; to computes log2N, nlog2n and ∑nlog2n; to determine geoecological syntropy (I) and entropy (H): I = ∑ nlog2n/N and H = log2N – I. Then, Geo-Ecological Evolving Organized index index was determined: G = H/I. Further, the total amount multiplicity of MAC exceedances was estimated: (M) - M=∑m and log2M was computed. Finally, Armenian Water Quality Index was obtained: AWQI = G + 0.1log2M. It was established that the Armenian Water Qquality Index showed a linear dependence on the Water Contamination Index, the Specific Combinatory Water Quality Index, the Geo-Ecological Evolving Organized index and an inverse dependence on the Canadian Water Quality Index.

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