scholarly journals Distribution profile of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in South African aquatic systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-528
Author(s):  
Deogratius T. Maiga ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Titus A. M. Msagati
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Abstract This paper reports the results of a study on the analysis and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in samples that were collected from selected freshwater dams in South Africa. The study employed a combination of complementary techniques to ascertain the analytical procedures and the occurrence of TiO2 NPs in water. Characterization, identification and quantification of TiO2 NPs in surface water samples from five sampled dams was performed using several techniques including scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (FEEM) and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS). The SP-ICP-MS technique was able to simultaneously determine the size and concentration of both the dissolved and particulate titanium (Ti) in water samples. The Ti-containing NPs were found at concentrations ranging from 8.3 × 104 parts/mL to 1.4 × 105 parts/mL in the presence of 14.9 μg/L to 243 μg/L dissolved Ti. The TiO2 nanoparticles were mostly composed of small agglomerates ranging from 102.9 nm to 158.9 nm in size.

scholarly journals Finding Nano: Challenges Involved in Monitoring the Presence and Fate of Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Simone Heilgeist ◽  
Ryo Sekine ◽  
Oz Sahin ◽  
Rodney A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Modelling Studies

In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has increasingly been used as an inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filter for sun protection. However, nano-TiO2 may also pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. Thus, to adequately assess its potential adverse effects, a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour and fate of TiO2 in different environments is crucial. Advances in analytical and modelling methods continue to improve researchers’ ability to quantify and determine the state of nano-TiO2 in various environments. However, due to the complexity of environmental and nanoparticle factors and their interplay, this remains a challenging and poorly resolved feat. This paper aims to provide a focused summary of key particle and environmental characteristics that influence the behaviour and fate of sunscreen-derived TiO2 in swimming pool water and natural aquatic environments and to review the current state-of-the-art of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) approaches to detect and characterise TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous media. Furthermore, it critically analyses the capability of existing fate and transport models to predict environmental TiO2 levels. Four particle and environmental key factors that govern the fate and behaviour of TiO2 in aqueous environments are identified. A comparison of SP-ICP-MS studies reveals that it remains challenging to detect and characterise engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in various matrices and highlights the need for the development of new SP-ICP-MS pre-treatment and analysis approaches. This review shows that modelling studies are an essential addition to experimental studies, but they still lack in spatial and temporal resolution and mostly exclude surface transformation processes. Finally, this study identifies the use of Bayesian Network-based models as an underexplored but promising modelling tool to overcome data uncertainties and incorporates interconnected variables.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Quantification of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) in Seafood by Single-Particle ICP-MS: Assessment of Dietary Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9547
Author(s):  
Alfina Grasso ◽  
Margherita Ferrante ◽  
Pietro Zuccarello ◽  
Tommaso Filippini ◽  
Giovanni Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Household Products

The significant increase in the production and variety of nanoparticles (NPs) has led to their release into the environment, especially into the marine environment. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are used in different industrial sectors, from the food industry to several consumer and household products. Since the aquatic environment is highly sensitive to contamination by TiO2-NPs, this work aimed to give a preliminary assessment of the contamination of packaged seafood, where the food additive TiO2 (E171) is not to be intentionally added. This allowed providing a chemical characterization and quantification of TiO2-NPs in processed canned fish products belonging to different trophic positions of the pelagic compartment and in canned clam. The new emerging technique called single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) was applied, which allows the determination of nanoparticle number-based concentration, as well as the dissolved titanium. This study highlights how processed food, where the pigment E171 was not intentionally added, contains TiO2 in its nanoparticle form, as well as dissolved titanium. Processed clam represented the seafood with the highest content of TiO2-NPs. In pelagic fish species, we found progressively higher levels and smaller sizes of TiO2-NPs from smaller to larger fish. Our results highlight the importance of planning the characterization and quantification of TiO2-NPs in food both processed and not, as well as where the pigment E171 is intentionally added and not, as it is not the only source of TiO2-NPs. This result represents a solid step toward being able to estimate the real level of dietary exposure to TiO2-NPs for the general population and the related health risks.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽  
Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Hessam Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestinal community in the 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis mice and the intervention effect of vitamin E

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Gao ◽  
Tingyu Li ◽  
Shuming Duan ◽  
Lizhi Lv ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Tio2 Nps

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) is widely applicated as additives in foods for its excellent whitening and brightening capability. Although the toxicity and antibacterial activity of TiO2-NPs has been extensively studied,...

Speciation of Mercury in Environmental Water Samples with Seasonal Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1690-1695
Author(s):  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
Alias Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Graphite Tube ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Relative Standard

Mercury concentrations and speciation were determined in surface water samples taken from rivers in the vicinity of industrial area, in Johore Malaysia. Samples were collected from the same sites before and immediately after rainfall. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of seasonal change in river water on the concentration of mercury (Hg) species. Trace concentrations of mercury in water samples were determined by a method involving a simple and rapid procedure involving the flow-injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) techniques. Mercury vapor, generated by sodium borohydride as the reductant, was stabilized by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), then released by controlled heating and detected by FI-ICP-MS. Methyl mercury (II) was preconcentrated using the ammonium pyrolidindithiocarbamate (APDTC)-chloroform extraction procedure and the chloroform extract was introduced into the graphite tube. The absolute detection limits were found to be 0.204 μg L-1 and 0.273 μg L-1 for total mercury and methyl mercury respectively, with thevariability being lower than 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) at the 5 μg L-1 level. Because of the high stability of MeHg (II)-APDTC complexes, it is possible to evaporate the extract in order to obtain a crystalline powder to be dissolved with a few micro liters of chloroform enacting MeHg (II) and Hg (II) can be detected at sub-nanogram levels.

scholarly journals Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Cd Phytotoxicity and Bioaccumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Long ◽  
Jianmin Geng ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Zhongyi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
The Impact

The impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on the migration and toxicity of coexisting pollutants is still unclear, especially in soil media. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the phytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Oryza sativa L., and the migration of cadmium (Cd) in the soil-rice system. Three different Cd stress groups (C1 group: 1.0 mg kg−1, C2 group: 2.5 mg kg−1 and C3 group: 5.0 mg kg−1) were set in the pot experiment, and the target concentration of TiO2 NPs in each group were 0 mg kg−1 (T0), 50 mg kg−1 (T1), 100 mg kg−1 (T2) and 500 mg kg−1 (T3). Plant height and biomass decreased with the increasing of Cd content in paddy soil. TiO2 NPs could lower the phytotoxicity of Cd in terms of the changes in the morphological and biochemical characteristics, especially in the tillering and booting stage. In the tillering stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a significant increase in plant height, biomass and the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of Oryza saliva L. In the booting stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a 15% to 32% and 24% to 48% reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content for the C2 and C3 group, respectively, compared to that of the respective control treatment (T0). TiO2-NPs addition reduced the activity of peroxidase (POD) in the leaves in the booting and heading stage, and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the tillering stage. In the C1 and C2 group, the grain Cd content in the 100 and 500 mg kg−1 TiO2 NPs treatments reached 0.47–0.84 mg kg−1, obviously higher than that of the treatment without TiO2 NPs (0.27–0.32 mg kg−1), suggesting that TiO2-NPs could promote Cd migration in the soil-rice system.

Dispersion and stability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous suspension: effects of ultrasonication and concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qi ◽  
Y. Y. Ye ◽  
J. J. Wu ◽  
H. T. Wang ◽  
F. T. Li
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Nanoparticles Dispersion ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
Nanoparticles Suspension

The increasing applications of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles raise concerns about their potential environmental impacts. To investigate the fate and transport of TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous suspension, ultrasonication is widely used for the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in laboratory-scale studies. There is a pressing need for detailed information on the dispersion and stability of TiO2 nanoparticles. This study investigated the change of size, zeta potential, and pH of TiO2 nanoparticles aqueous suspension under different conditions of ultrasonication and concentrations. It was found that the hydrodynamic diameter of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased with increasing suspension concentration and remained stable for more than 1 hour after sonication, which is enough for experimental research. The pH decreased with increasing nanoparticles concentration. Ultrasonication remarkably improved zeta potential to be above 15 mV for all the samples. Therefore, 20 minutes of ultrasonication (180 W) is sufficient for the dispersion of this rutile TiO2 nanoparticles suspension, which can remain stable for more than 1 hour. However, the optimum sonication time for TiO2 nanoparticles dispersion is influenced by many factors, such as TiO2 nanoparticles concentration, solution chemistry, and sonicator parameters.

Determination of Arsenic (III) and Arsenic (V) Species by Preconcentration and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in Drinking Water Samples Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1684-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
Alias Mohd Yusof ◽  
A.K.H. Wood ◽  
A. Shamsiah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic

A simple and less expensive solvent extraction method was used with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the speciation of two environmentally significant, toxic forms of arsenic: arsenite and arsenate. Dissolved inorganic arsenic species in drinking waters from reservoirs and treatment plants were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses. Prior to the analysis the water samples were precocentrated by solvent extraction using APCDT to separate the arsenic species from elemental interferences. The detection limit of this method achieved was 0.059 gL-1. The suitability of the technique in this work is discussed in relation to risk assessment studies of public health.

Optimisation of an extraction/leaching procedure for the characterisation and quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in aquatic environments using SdFFF-ICP-MS and SEM-EDX analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3626-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Dutschke ◽  
Johanna Irrgeher ◽  
Daniel Pröfrock
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Leaching Procedure

A novel, optimized and validated extraction method for engineered TiO2 nano-particles from environmental samples prior to SdFFF-MALS-ICP-MS/MS analysis is presented.

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