The Chao Phraya River Basin: water quality and anthropogenic influences

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuanchan Singkran ◽  
Pitchaya Anantawong ◽  
Naree Intharawichian ◽  
Karika Kunta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Chao Phraya River

Abstract Land use influences and trends in water quality parameters were determined for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) showed significant trends (R2 ≥ 0.5) across the year, while total phosphorus (TP) and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed significant trends only in the wet season. DO increased, but BOD, NO3-N, and TP decreased, from the lower section (river kilometres (rkm) 7–58 from the river mouth) through the middle section (rkm 58–143) to the upper section (rkm 143–379) of the river. Lead and mercury showed weak/no trends (R2 < 0.5). Based on the river section, major land use groups were a combination of urban and built-up areas (43%) and aquaculture (21%) in the lower river basin, paddy fields (56%) and urban and built-up areas (21%) in the middle river basin, and paddy fields (44%) and other agricultural areas (34%) in the upper river basin. Most water quality and land use attributes had significantly positive or negative correlations (at P ≤ 0.05) among each other. The river was in crisis because of high FCB concentrations. Serious measures are suggested to manage FCB and relevant human activities in the river basin.

scholarly journals Recognition of spatial framework for water quality and its relation with land use/cover types from a new perspective: A case study of Jinghe Oasis in Xinjiang, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaoping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Type Change ◽  
Land Water

Abstract. Quality evaluation for surface water is an important issue in water resource management and protection. To understand the relation between the spatial framework of water quality in Jinghe Oasis and the change in land use/cover type, we first divide 47 water sampling sites measured in May and October 2015 into 6 cluster layers using the self-organizing map (SOM) method based on non-hierarchical k-means classification, and then determine the distribution characteristics of water quality from the time sequence. Water quality indices include chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3−N), chromaticity (SD), and turbidity (NUT). On the basis of the results, we collect data regarding changes in farmland land, forest-grass land, water body, salinized land, and other land types during the wet and dry seasons and combine these data with the classification results of the GF-1 remote sensing satellite obtained in May and October 2015. We then discuss the influences of land use/cover type on water quality at different layers and seasons. The results indicate that Clusters 1 to 3 provide monitoring samples for the wet season (May 2015), whereas Clusters 4 to 6 provide monitoring samples for the dry season (October 2015). In general, the COD, SS, NUT, TN, and NH3−N contents are high in Clusters 1 and 2. The SD values for Clusters 1, 4, and 6 are high. Moreover, high BOD and TP values are mainly concentrated in Clusters 4 and 6. Through the discussion on the relation between different layers of water quality and land use/cover type change, we determine that the influences of farmland land, forest-grassland, and salinized land are significant on the water quality parameters in Jinghe Oasis. In Clusters 1, 2, and 6, the size of the water area also influences the change in water quality parameters to a certain extent. In addition, the influences of various land use/cover types on the water quality parameters in the research zone during different seasons exhibit the following order: farmland land → forest-grass land → salinized land → water body → others. Moreover, influence is less during the wet season than during the dry season. In conclusion, developing research on the relation between the spatial framework of water quality in Jinghe Oasis and land use/cover type change will be significant for the time sequence distribution of water quality in arid regions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Quality Parameters in Relation to Land-use Practices at a Rural Catchment, Mbinga District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1282-1295
Author(s):  
Harieth Hellar-Kihampa Hellar-Kihampa ◽  
Patrick Isdory Ndunguru
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Land Use Practices

Data on physicochemical water quality parameters and contamination levels is crucial for protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. This study assessed the physicochemical water quality parameters, faecal coliform bacteria and nutrient loads in water at a catchment used for municipal supply in Mbinga District, Tanzania. Samples were seasonally collected from three areas characterized by distinct geographical features, settlement patterns and land-use practices, and analyzed using standard analytical protocols. Data were subjected to paired-sampled t-test and cluster analysis. The parameters varied as follows: pH (4.75–6.83); temperature (16.4–26.2 ºC); electrical conductivity (14.6–121.1 µS/cm); total dissolved solids (7.0–23.2 mg/L); total suspended solids (BDL–35.5 mg/L); dissolved oxygen (8.6–23.8 mg/L); turbidity (0.1–68.1 NTU); faecal coliform (<1–76 FC/100 mL); nitrite (BDL–0.09 mg/L); nitrate and sulphate were not detected. Spatial variations were associated with land-use disparities. Comparison to risk-based regulatory thresholds for drinking water revealed the levels to be within the acceptable limits, with a few exceptions. Observed seasonal trends indicated an overall decrease in water quality during the wet season. Generally, results showed that water quality at the catchments satisfies requirements for domestic uses. However, the potential contamination risks from human activities call for regular monitoring. Keywords:   Physicochemical parameters; faecal contamination; water quality; surface water; Mbinga District

scholarly journals Trend Of Water Quality Status In Kelantan River Downstream, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Arniza Fitri ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Dian Pratiwi ◽  
Arlina Phelia ◽  
Farli Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The issues of freshwater pollutions and the high demand of clean freshwater for daily human activities have forced developing countries such as Malaysia to continuously monitor the quality of the freshwater. The present study objective is to present the trend of water quality status in the Kelantan River downstream, Peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2018. Water samples were collected during dry and monsoon seasons from a sampling station located at downstream of the Kelantan River. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ while other parameters were analysed in the laboratory based on retrieved water samples. Water quality status was determined based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for River in Malaysia by calculating the water quality index (WQI) according to the concentration of six water quality parameters involving pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (TSS) and Ammonia Nitrogen (AN). The results showed that Kelantan River had good water quality during the dry season classified in Class II at 2005. The water quality was found to be slightly lower during the monsoon season in year 2006. In addition, increasing the number of construction, human activities in the land use areas, land use changes and the sewage water from domestic, industrial, wet market and food outlets in the Kelantan State have declined the water quality in Kelantan River from Class II (in 2005) to Class III (in 2010 and 2011) and to become Class IV in 2017 to 2018. The results of the present study are expected to give valuable information for the water managers in order to deal with better strategies in controlling the quality of freshwater at the Kelantan River and minimize the incidence of pollution-oriented problems, thus the water can be utilized for various water uses with appropriate quality.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in Terengganu River, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
Frankie Marcus Ata ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters

Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). Results showed that the range of DO (2.11 mg/L – 8.07 mg/L), TSS (0.4 mg/L – 128.2 mg/L) and SSC (0.07 mg/L – 25.6 mg/L). The distribution of land use and land cover activities effected to the level of water quality in watersheds. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) was applied and provide a better understanding for the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Graphical data helps a better view of the overall analysis to appoint sources of pollutants to their effect. Terengganu River Basin is a shallow and has a sensitive ecosystem that responds to the land use changes and development activities of its surroundings. Water quality analysis showed that TSS and SSC were higher in the dry season but DO were higher in the wet season. Overall, the water in the Terengganu River Basin classified slightly contaminated especially the main sources of pollutants were possibly waste products and waste from development activities such as sand mining, farming, residential and agricultural.  

Multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of surface water quality of Fuji River Basin, Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shrestha ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Discharge Temperature

Different multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate temporal and spatial variations of surface water-quality of Fuji river basin using data sets of 8 years monitoring at 13 different sites. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped thirteen sampling sites into three clusters i.e. relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) sites based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principal component analysis/factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to discharge and temperature (natural), organic pollution (point sources) in LP areas; organic pollution (point sources) and nutrients (non point sources) in MP areas; and organic pollution and nutrients (point sources) in HP areas. The discriminant analysis showed that six water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen) account for most of the expected temporal variations whereas seven water quality parameters (discharge, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen and ammonical nitrogen) account for most of the expected spatial variations in surface water quality of Fuji river basin.

scholarly journals Status of Water Quality in the Tista River at Kaunia Point and its Impact on Aquatic Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MJ Islam ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
NT Meghla
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

The study was conducted to investigate the surface water quality of the Tista River at Kaunia point in wet (September to November) and dry season (December to February) during the period from September 2013 to February 2014. The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations of Tista River mentioned as Station 1 (St-1), 2 (St-2), 3 (St-3), 4 (St-4) and 5 (St-5). The analysis of the study showed that the average transparency was 13.28 and 32.31 cm in wet and dry season, respectively, while the temperature was observed 25.86 and 18.18?C in wet and dry season, respectively. The observed electrical conductivity (EC) was 84 and 145.67 ?s cm-1, pH was 7.72 and 8.03, dissolve oxygen (DO) was 5.35 and 5.37 mg l-1, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 1.64 and 1.89 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, respectively. In wet season, the total dissolved solid (TDS) was measured 53.2 mg l-1, while 73.86 mg l-1 in dry season. The alkalinity was found 40.94 and 43.4 mg l-1 in wet and dry season, whereas, the hardness was found 98.47 and 102.46 mg l-1 in the following seasons. The study showed that most of the water quality parameters of the Tista River were suitable for aquatic organisms as well as fishes. However, the agricultural runoff and waste materials generated from anthropogenic sources could be the main causes of degradation of water quality and aquatic organisms.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 29-33 2015

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Land Use on Water Quality across Multiple Spatial Scales in U-tapao River Basin, Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gyawali ◽  
K. Techato ◽  
S. Monprapusson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the linkages between land uses and water quality in U-tapao river basin, Thailand, in order to examine the impact of land use changes on full -basin, sub-watershed and buffer zone scales (1000m, 500m and 200m) on river water quality through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analyses. Correlation and regression analysis were applied for ten water quality parameters. In scale analysis, in the most cases, the sub-watershed scale showed the clear relationship between land use water quality rather than full-basin and buffer zone scales. This indicates that the level of relationship between land use and water quality depends upon scale therefore the relationship between water quality parameters and land uses should be studied in multiple scales and it helps to develop effective river basin management in future.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 54-60

scholarly journals Surface water quality in canals in An Giang province, Viet Nam, from 2009 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Thao Ly ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Giao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Surface Water Resources

The present study evaluates the surface water quality in the canals of An Giang province in the period from 2009 to 2016. The results showed that surface water of the canals was contaminated by organic matter and microorganisms which makes it not suitable for water supply and conservation of aquatic life. The water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) and coliforms levels in the wet season were found to be higher than those in the dry season. The problem of organic and microorganic pollution over a long period of time without solutions leads to declines in water quality and then quantity as well. Agriculture is the main activity contributing to pollution of surface water in interior canals along with the activities of daily life, industry and services. This causes pollution of the surface water on Hau River due to its exchange of water with the connected canals. Good agricultural practices should be implemented to limit the pollution of surface water resources of the Mekong Delta. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá diễn biến chất lượng nước mặt trong các kênh rạch nội đồng của tỉnh An Giang trong giai đoạn 2009 – 2016. Kết quả cho thấy nước mặt tại các kênh rạch nội đồng đã ô nhiễm hữu cơ và vi sinh vật. Nguồn nước không phù hợp cho mục đích cấp nước sinh hoạt và bảo tồn thực vật thủy sinh. Các chỉ tiêu như hàm lượng oxy hòa tan (DO), nhu cầu oxy sinh hóa (BOD), tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) và coliforms trong mùa mưa cao hơn mùa khô. Vấn đề ô nhiễm hữu cơ và vi sinh vật diễn ra trong thời gian dài và chưa có giải pháp xử lý làm cho chất lượng nước suy giảm dẫn đến suy giảm về trữ lượng. Nông nghiệp là hoạt động chính góp phần làm ô nhiễm nguồn nước mặt trong các kênh rạch nội đồng bên cạnh các hoạt động sinh hoạt, công nghiệp và dịch vụ. Điều này dẫn đến nước mặt trên sông Hậu cũng có đặt tính ô nhiễm tương tự do trao đổi nước với các kênh rạch nội đồng. Thực hành sản xuất nông nghiệp thân thiện môi trường cần sớm được triển khai để hạn chế ô nhiễm nguồn nước mặt quan trọng của khu vực đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

scholarly journals Seasonal-Spatial of Putrajaya Lake Water Quality Parameter (WQP) Concentration Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Arnis Asmat ◽  
Nur Atiqah Hazali ◽  
Anis Nasuha Mat Nor ◽  
Fatin Khairunnisa Zuhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Mean Values

This study presents the assessment of selected water quality parameters (WQP) distribution at Putrajaya Lake during the dry and wet season using spatial analysis. The WQP used in this study were dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solid (TSS), pH and temperature. Total thirteen water samples were obtained during both dry and wet seasons from May 2015 until March 2016 distributed throughout the areas. To explore the WQP distribution, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) was employed. The results have shown that mean values of WQ concentration during dry and wet season are varies accordingly. The highest value parameters of water quality during dry season which are COD (17.2 mg/L), DO (7.11 mg/L) and NH3N (0.94 mg/L). Meanwhile on the wet season, the highest values are recorded for BOD (5.27 mg/L), pH (7.62 mg/L) and TSS (18.4 mg/L) respectively. This has indicated that the concentration of WQP in the lake changed seasonally. Furthermore, among the WQPs; DO, TSS and COD have exhibited significant relationship between others for both seasons.  

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