scholarly journals Rational water use indicators for public schools in Recife, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Anna Elis Paz Soares ◽  
Juliana Karla da Silva ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Conservation Actions

Abstract This paper seeks to propose rational water use indicators for public schools in Recife, Brazil. The methodology consists of a cadastral survey, the use of questionnaires, and identification of leakage in the hydro-sanitary facilities. The results indicate that even though water consumption is not as high as pointed out in the literature, the schools still present a considerable amount of physical water losses, in addition to having a low perception regarding the rational use of water. Based on these results, this study supports the development and application of water conservation actions within the school environment.

scholarly journals Water consumption in public schools: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Anna Elis Paz Soares ◽  
Willames de Albuquerque Soares ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Conservation Plans

Abstract The objective of this study is to define a consumption indicator (CI) for water that can be used as a reference for developing water conservation plans at public schools. The methodology followed consists of a historical water consumption data survey of all schools in Recife, Brazil, a registration survey of school buildings, the calculation of consumption indicators for the period 2012–2015, and finally, the calculation of reference indicators. The results obtained indicated a reference range for the CI of 13.0 ± 2.0 L/student/day for water considering the set of all school typologies, with a 95% confidence level. The analysis of the schools in groups, classified into four typologies, led to the following reference ranges: 11.5 ± 2.0 L/student/day for regular schools, 13.5 ± 3.5 L/student/day for extended period schools, 22.0 ± 6.0 L/student/day for full period schools, and 18.5 ± 6.5 L/student/day for technical schools. Through the use of a consumption indicator, schools with a limited supply of potable or above average water can be identified and specific actions can be developed to achieve a sustainable use of water in the school environment. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Improving efficiency in water use and conservation in Spanish hotels

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cobacho ◽  
F. Arregui ◽  
J.C. Parra ◽  
E. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Water Scarce

Hotels are a fundamental component within the tourist Spanish sector, and their role in water management turns out even more relevant taking into account the fact that tourist areas, in which they are generally located, are water scarce. Trying to go further from the standard ratios and estimations to plan water conservation, this work intends to really measure and quantify water use in rooms. Only by doing this, can subsequent conservation actions, now able to be reliably specified for each specific use, achieve a real success.

Reducing Pathogenic Escherichia coli Surrogates on Fresh Beef Cuts by Water-Reducing Antimicrobial Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourtney A. Daniels ◽  
Katherine Modrow ◽  
Wesley N. Osburn ◽  
Thomas Matt Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions

Water use for antimicrobial intervention application for beef harvest has come under increased scrutiny in recent years in an effort to enhance water conservation during beef harvest and fabrication. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of beef safety interventions for reducing surrogates of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on beef cuts while lowering intervention-purposed water use for a Small or Very Small beef establishment. Beef briskets, shoulder/clods, and rounds were inoculated with a gelatin-based slurry containing 6.8±0.3 log CFU/g non-pathogenic E. coli . After 30 min of attachment, inoculated cuts were treated by: conventional lactic acid spray (LA; 2.5%, 55°C), lactic acid spray delivered by an electrostatic spray handheld wand (ESS; 2.5%, 55°C), hot water spray (HW; 82°C), recycled hot water spray (RW; 82°C) wherein previously applied hot water was collected, thermally pasteurized to 82°C, or left untreated (CON). 100 mL of each treatment was sprayed onto marked surfaces of inoculated cuts, after which surviving surrogate E. coli were enumerated. LA and ESS treatments produced greater reductions (1.0-1.1 log CFU/300 cm 2 ) versus hot water interventions (0.3-0.5 log CFU/300 cm 2 ) ( p =<0.0001). Recycling of water reduced water losses by no less than 45% on RW-treated beef cuts. Low water beef safety interventions offer Small and Very Small inspected beef establishments opportunities to incrementally reduce water use during intervention application, but not necessarily without loss of pathogen reduction efficacy.

scholarly journals Can Water Rights Trading Scheme Promote Regional Water Conservation in China? Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Fengping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Regional Water

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, we adopt a time-varying difference-in-differences (time-varying DID) model to estimate the impact of water rights trading scheme on regional water consumption. The results show that water rights trading can significantly promote water conservation in the pilot regions by 3.1% compared to that in the non-pilot regions, and a series of robustness tests show consistent results. Policy effects are mainly driven by improving water-use efficiency and adjusting water structure; that is, by transferring water resources from the agricultural sector to the other sectors, agricultural water efficiency is improved and water conflict among sectors is alleviated; thus, water saving is achieved. In addition, by constructing two indexes of regional water pressure and tradable water resources, our heterogeneity analysis shows that water rights trading performs better in areas with high water pressure and large tradable water resources. Under the high pressure of large water use and low water endowment, water rights trading will evidently reduce water consumption more so than in the low-pressure regions, and with water rights trading, it is hard to achieve a policy effect in regions without sufficient tradable water resources. This paper provides important policy implications for China for further promoting the water rights trading scheme in the field of resource conservation.

scholarly journals Effective and rational use of irrigation water in the conditions of the republic of Karakalpakstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
S Kurbanbaev ◽  
O Karimova ◽  
Zakir Turlibaev ◽  
Rashid Baymuratov
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Effective Use

The lack of water that has been repeated in recent years dictates the requirements of a strict regime of water conservation and economical use of water. Understanding the need for strict water conservation and the fight against unproductive water losses must be started with the producers of agricultural products, i.e., from farms, as rational water use and water conservation at the field level could save a significant amount of irrigation water. The article reflects the current state of water use in irrigated agriculture in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The main, inter-farm, and intra-farm canals have been studied in detail, and the mode and efficiency of their work have been assessed. The obtained results of the conducted field research works on irrigation technologies are presented. Suggestions on the choice of water-saving irrigation technologies are given, as well as recommendations on the effective use of irrigation water in the non-growing season.

How Trust and Risk Perception Affect Household Water Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Household Water

Household water use accounts for an important portion of water consumption. Notably, different households may behave differently regarding how water is used in everyday life. Trust and risk perception are two significant psychological factors that influence water use behavior in households. Since trust and risk perception are malleable and subject to construction, they are useful for developing effective demand management strategies and water conservation policies. The concepts of trust and risk perception are multidimensional and interconnected. Risk perception varies across social groups and is often shaped by subjective feelings toward a variety of activities, events, and technologies. Risk perception is also mediated by trust, which involves a positive expectation of an individual, an organization, and/or an institution that derives from complex processes, characteristics, and competence. Likewise, different social groups’ trust in various entities involved in household water use is subject to the significant and far-reaching impact of risk perception. The complexity of the two notions poses challenges to the measurement and exploration of their effects on household water use. In many cases, risk perception and trust can influence people’s acceptance of water sources (e.g., tap water, bottled water, recycled water, and desalinated water) and their conservation behavior (e.g., installing water-saving technologies and reducing water consumption) in household water use. Trust can affect household water use indirectly through its influence on risk perception. Moreover, trust and risk perception in household water use are neither given nor fixed; rather, they are dynamically determined by external, internal, and informational factors. A coherent, stable, transparent, and fair social and institutional structure is conducive to building trust. However, trust and risk perception differ among groups with diverse household and/or individual demographic, economic, social, and cultural characteristics. Direct information from personal experiences and, more importantly, indirect information from one’s social network, as well as from mass media and social media, play an increasingly important role in the formation and evolution of trust and risk perception, bringing a profound impact on household water use in an era of information. Future directions lie in new dynamics of risk perception and trust in the era of information explosion, the coevolution mechanism of risk perception and trust in household water use, the nuanced impacts of different types of risks (e.g., controllable and uncontrollable) on household water use, and the interactive relations of risk perception and trust across geographical contexts.

scholarly journals When Small Is Not Beautiful: The Unexpected Impacts of Trees and Parcel Size on Metered Water-Use in a Semi-Arid City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Shaundra Rasmussen ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Abbye Neel ◽  
Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne ◽  
Melissa McHale
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
City Managers ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Parcel Size ◽  
Semi Arid

Colorado’s water supply is under threat due to climate change pressures and population growth, however Colorado has been recognized to have some of the most progressive water conservation programs in the country. Limiting outdoor water consumption is an increasingly popular approach to conserving water in semi-arid cities, yet in order to implement effective water reduction and conservation policies, more utilities and city managers need a firm understanding of the local drivers of outdoor water consumption. This research explores the drivers of outdoor water consumption in a semi-arid, medium-sized Colorado city that is projected to undergo significant population growth. We used a combination of correlation and linear regression analyses to identify the key descriptive variables that predict greater water consumption at the household scale. Some results were specific to the development patterns of this medium-sized city, where outdoor water use increased 7% for each additional mile (1.6 km) a household was located from the historic urban center. Similarly, more expensive homes used more water as well. Surprisingly, households with a higher ratio of vegetation cover to parcel size tended toward less water consumption. This result could be because parcels that are shaded by their tree canopy require less irrigation. We discuss these results to assist city managers and policymakers in creating water-efficient landscapes and provide information that can be leveraged to increase awareness for water conservation in a growing, semi-arid city.

scholarly journals Barriers and opportunities for behavior change in managing high water demand in water scarce Indigenous communities: an Australian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773
Author(s):  
Safaa Aldirawi ◽  
Regina Souter ◽  
Cara D. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Household Water

Abstract Managing water demand by reducing water consumption and improving water use efficiency has become essential for ensuring water security. This research aimed to identify the primary determinants of household water consumption in an Australian Indigenous community to develop evidence-based water demand management policies and strategies that might be implemented by the water service provider. A behavior change framework was applied to investigate the opportunity, ability, and motivational determinants affecting household water consumption and conservation in an Australian Indigenous community. The lack of water conservation knowledge and skills of high water users could be barriers to saving water. Low water users have positive attitudes towards water conservation and a higher level of awareness about their own water use. While there is a lack of a belief that water shortages will occur, low water users do have concerns of vulnerability to droughts, and that could be a driver for their sense of obligation to engage in water conservation practices. The research recommended communication messages and tools to address identified barriers to enabling positive changes to water use behaviors, which have wider applications in remote Australian Indigenous communities.

scholarly journals WATER RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN‐KAZAKHSTAN TRANSBOUNDARY REGION AND THEIR USE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
I. D. Rybkina ◽  
Zh. T. Sivokhip
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Consumption Structure

Aim. The study is aimed at examining the regional specifics of using water resources in the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region, taking the current hydroclimatic situation into account.Methods. Statistical data on the availability and use of water resources in the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan served as the initial data for the study. A comparative assessment of water supply was carried out applying traditional procedures widely used in Russia and abroad. The following indicators of water use efficiency were used: volumes of circulating and re‐sequential water supply (million m3), water losses during transportation (million m3) and water intensity of the gross regional product (GRP).Results. It was found that, over the past 20 years, a significant transformation of the water consumption structure has taken place in the studied regions. In the Russian regions, the most serious transformation of the consumption structure occurred in the agricultural sector. A comparative assessment of water supply suggests that most regions within the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary territory are characterized by relatively high levels of water availability.Main conclusions. The results indicate a significant impact of socio‐economic transformations in the Russian‐Kazakhstan region on the structure of water consumption, water supply, as well as indicators of water resource efficiency. The current water management problem consists in guaranteed provision of the population and economy with fresh water under the conditions of the spatio‐temporal variability of the river flow. Thus, the integrated management of water resources within the Russian‐Kazakhstan transboundary region should be based on improving the effi‐ ciency of water use in all sectors of the water economy, taking modern hydroclimatic changes into account. 

scholarly journals National Approaches to the Normalization of Water Use at Enterprises of the Republic of Belarus and the Ways of their Improvement.

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses methodological approaches to the development of norms, standards for water consumption and wastewater disposal, aimed at the rational use of water resources, as well as substantiates the need to develop a document that establishes the criteria and procedure for assessing the effectiveness of water protection activities in the use and protection of water resources for any enterprise in the Republic of Belarus. The directions for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in terms of regulation of water use are proposed, taking into account the experience of the Russian Federation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document