Removal of nitrate using activated carbon-based electrodes for capacitive deionization

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2028-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojie Jiang ◽  
Hongwu Wang ◽  
Guanquan Xiong ◽  
Xinlei Wang ◽  
Siying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Initial Solution Concentration

Abstract The removal performance of nitrate using capacitive deionization (CDI) of activated carbon (AC)-based electrodes were studied. The AC electrode was prepared and the effect of cell voltage, flow rate and initial solution concentration on ion removal were investigated. Furthermore, the AC was modified with phosphoric acid (ACP) and the surface structure of AC and ACP were analyzed. The results showed that the specific surface area of AC increased by 10.71% after the modification. The mesopore ratio and micropore ratio increased by 14.69% and 24.06%, respectively. The optimal conditions of AC electrode was a voltage of 1.4 V and flow rate of 20 mL/min while the ACP electrode was a voltage of 1.4 V and flow rate of 10 mL/min. The electrosorption capacity of ACP electrode was improved and the unit of electrosorption load was high to 19.28 mg/L. For the AC or ACP electrode, the nitrate removal efficiency decreases with the increase in the initial feed solutions, but the unit electrosorption load gradually increased with the improvement of initial feed solutions' concentration and the ACP electrode was superior to the AC electrode. Therefore, the ACP electrode would be suitable for the application of CDI on the nitrate removal.

Evaluating Capacitive Deionization for Measurements of the Salt-Removal of NaCl, KCl and MgCl at Various Cell Voltages

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diky Anggoro ◽  
Endarko
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Submersible Pump

Carbon electrodes have been successfully synthesized and characterized for desalination system based on Capacitive Deionization (CDI) technology. The carbon electrodes were synthesized with an activated carbon (700 – 1400 m2/g), carbon black, glutaric acid and polyvinyl alcohol as a binder using cross-linking method at 120 °C. The study was to investigate salt removal percentage value of 0.1 M NaCl, MgCl and KCl using CDI cell. A solution with 0.1 M was supplied to the cell using a Boyu Submersible pump (model SP-601) at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. When potentials of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 V were applied to the CDI cell, the result showed that a solution of 0.1 M KCl has greater salt-removal percentage than the solutions with 0.1 M NaCl and MgCl. The salt-removal percentage of KCl was achieved at 55% for 3.0 V whilst resulted in 20 and 30% for NaCl and MgCl, respectively.

Influence of pore structure and cell voltage of activated carbon cloth as a versatile electrode material for capacitive deionization

Carbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choonsoo Kim ◽  
Pattarachai Srimuk ◽  
Juhan Lee ◽  
Simon Fleischmann ◽  
Mesut Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth

The study of capacitive deionization behavior of a carbon nanotube electrode from the perspective of charge efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Li ◽  
Sen Liang ◽  
Mangmang Gao ◽  
Guolong Li ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Decay Constant ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Double Layer Capacity ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

In this work, the capacitive deionization (CDI) performance of a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode has been studied from the point view of charge efficiency theory. It is revealed here that the charge efficiency of a CNT electrode is strongly dependent upon the cell voltage and solution concentration. Either the high cell voltage or the low ionic strength results in a high charge efficiency, implying that CDI is expected to be a promising technique for an aqueous solution with low ionic strength. Additionally, it is found that the high decay constant and high electrical double-layer capacity are beneficial to enhance electrosorption performance.

Energy Consumption in Batch-Mode Capacitive Deionization

2016 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Li ◽  
Sen Liang ◽  
Mang Mang Gao ◽  
Chang Yeoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Salt Ions

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a water desalination technique in which salt ions are removed from brackish water by flowing through a spacer channel with porous electrodes on each side. Upon applying a small voltage difference between the two electrodes, cations move to and are accumulated in electrostatic double layers inside the negatively charged cathode and the anions are removed by the positively charged anode. Therefore, one of the advanced merits of CDI is the low driven energy by compared to other desalination technologies. Inspired this, we have performed the calculation on energy consumption of activated carbon based CDI in different operation conditions. The results show that the energy consumptions are significantly related to cell voltage as well as solution concentration. Furthermore, the round trip efficiency as a vital indication in terms of energy consumption have been introduced and discussed as well.

scholarly journals Chemical modification of carbon particles to enhance the electrosorption of capacitive deionization process

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Chen Dou ◽  
Shengyong Zhai ◽  
Yiyang Liu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Di Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Electrolytic Solution ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Activated Carbon Particles

Abstract Activated carbon particle electrodes modified by oxygen or nitrogen groups could be promising electrode candidates for capacitive deionization (CDI) processes. In this work, activated carbon particle electrodes were modified by phosphoric acid, nitric acid, urea, melamine, and zinc chloride to enhance desalination of an aqueous electrolytic solution. The modified activated carbon particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements and electrochemical scanning. The electrodes with oxygen or nitrogen groups on the surface exhibited a much higher desalination capacity and charge efficiency than those without any surface modification. Particularly, the activated carbon particle electrode modified by phosphoric acid exhibited a desalination capacity of 15.52 mg/g at 1.4 V in 500 mg/L NaCl solution, which was approximately eight times that of the unmodified electrode (2.46 mg/g). The enhancement was attributed to a higher specific capacitance, a lower electrochemical impedance and an increase in oxygen or nitrogen-containing groups on the surface.

MXene/Activated-Carbon Hybrid Capacitive Deionization for Permselective Ion Removal at Low and High Salinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 26013-26025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Torkamanzadeh ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Öznil Budak ◽  
Pattarachai Srimuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Ion Removal

scholarly journals Capacitive desalination of WO3/carbon cloth supercapacitor and morphology analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gui ◽  
D. J. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Flaky Morphology ◽  
Anodization Method

Abstract Cathode materials are important in determining the performance of a capacitive deionization cell. In this work activated carbon cloth (ACC) grafted with tungsten oxide was employed as cathode, which was first grown on ACC with a flaky morphology by a self-anodization method. The oxide was uniformly distributed over the surface of the ACC. The desalination capacity of the obtained material is deduced from electrochemical characterization, based on the preliminary stage, in the static 1 M NaCl aqueous solution over a potential range from −1 V to 0.2 V. The modified ACC attained an enhanced ion removal ability, which gives promising potential in the further application on removing heavy ions from the wastewater of industries.

Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: A mechanistic study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Good Potential

Activated carbon was prepared from molasses, which are natural precursors of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry. A simple elaboration process, based on chemical activation with phosphoric acid, was proposed. The final product, prepared by activation of molasses/phosphoric acid mixture in air at 500°C, presented high surface area (more than 1400 m2/g) and important maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (625 mg/g) and iodine (1660 mg/g). The activated carbon (MP2(500)) showed a good potential for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The affinity for the three ions was observed in the following order Cu2+ Cr6+ Pb2+. The process is governed by monolayer adsorption following the Langmuir model, with a correlation coefficient close to unity.

scholarly journals Simplified Prediction of Ion Removal in Capacitive Deionization of Multi-Ion Solutions

Langmuir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Nordstrand ◽  
Joydeep Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Ion Removal
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