scholarly journals Diversity of fungi in bottled water in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1664-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Ameen ◽  
Alhanouf Albejad ◽  
Rukaia Gashgari ◽  
S. Murialdo ◽  
A. Al-Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract The occurrence of fungi in drinking water systems has received increased attention over recent decades and fungi are now generally accepted as drinking water system contaminants. However, fungal contamination of bottled water has received little attention. Forty unopened bottled water samples, of different trademarks, were collected from various localities in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia and analyzed for fungal contamination: (1) immediately after opening the bottles; and (2) after closing and storing them for 180 and 365 days. The fungal species were identified under a compound microscope followed by molecular sequencing. At least one fungal species were found in 58% of the bottles. In total, 18 fungal species belonging to 11 fungal genera were identified. Rhizopus nigricans and seven different species of Aspergillus were found to frequently contaminate the bottled water samples. Penicillium sp. were found in one sample. The 180 days storage of opened and reclosed bottles did not substantially affect the abundance of fungi or the species found. Some of the fungi identified may be pathogenic and the contamination of fungi in bottled water should be considered during the processing of water.

scholarly journals Diversity and Significance of Mold Species in Norwegian Drinking Water

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7586-7593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild Hageskal ◽  
Ann Kristin Knutsen ◽  
Peter Gaustad ◽  
G. Sybren de Hoog ◽  
Ida Skaar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Private Homes

ABSTRACT In order to determine the occurrence, distribution, and significance of mold species in groundwater- and surface water-derived drinking water in Norway, molds isolated from 273 water samples were identified. Samples of raw water, treated water, and water from private homes and hospital installations were analyzed by incubation of 100-ml membrane-filtered samples on dichloran-18% glycerol agar. The total count (number of CFU per 100 ml) of fungal species and the species diversity within each sample were determined. The identification of mold species was based on morphological and molecular methods. In total, 94 mold species belonging to 30 genera were identified. The mycobiota was dominated by species of Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Aspergillus, with some of them occurring throughout the drinking water system. Several of the same species as isolated from water may have the potential to cause allergic reactions or disease in humans. Other species are common contaminants of food and beverages, and some may cause unwanted changes in the taste or smell of water. The present results indicate that the mycobiota of water should be considered when the microbiological safety and quality of drinking water are assessed. In fact, molds in drinking water should possibly be included in the Norwegian water supply and drinking water regulations.

scholarly journals Cooccurrence of Five Pathogenic Legionella spp. and Two Free-Living Amoebae Species in a Complete Drinking Water System and Cooling Towers

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Alshae Logan-Jackson ◽  
Joan B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Legionella Species

Pathogenic Legionella species grow optimally inside free-living amoebae to concentrations that increase risks to those who are exposed. The aim of this study was to screen a complete drinking water system and cooling towers for the occurrence of Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria fowleri and their cooccurrence with Legionella pneumophila, Legionella anisa, Legionella micdadei, Legionella bozemanii, and Legionella longbeachae. A total of 42 large-volume water samples, including 12 from the reservoir (water source), 24 from two buildings (influents to the buildings and exposure sites (taps)), and six cooling towers were collected and analyzed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). N. fowleri cooccurred with L. micdadei in 76 (32/42) of the water samples. In the building water system, the concentrations of N. fowleri and L. micdadei ranged from 1.5 to 1.6 Log10 gene copies (GC)/100 mL, but the concentrations of species increased in the cooling towers. The data obtained in this study illustrate the ecology of pathogenic Legionella species in taps and cooling towers. Investigating Legionella’s ecology in drinking and industrial waters will hopefully lead to better control of these pathogenic species in drinking water supply systems and cooling towers.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEM OF CENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Abramkin ◽  
R.S. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Surface water resources of Mordovia Republic characterized by an inconstant output during a year, therefore, underground artesian waters use for household and drinking water supply. In 2009–2015 the quality of drinking water samples taken in 22 districts of Mordovia was unfavorable according to content of fluorine (taken in 13 districts and city of Saransk), iron (taken in 11 districts and city of Saransk), strontium (1 district), iodine was absent in all water samples. The main contaminant was fluorides, their level was up to 1,5–5,2 MAC. The development and scientific substantiation of hygienic actions on group and individual prevention of exposure to elevated concentrations of fluorine as well as iodine deficiency in human body are required.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water on Dental Fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3914
Author(s):  
Gotam Das ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Suraj Arora ◽  
Ali Algahtani ◽  
Mohammed Kafeel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Asir Region

This study was intended to evaluate the fluoride concentration in drinking water and its effect on dental fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Water samples were gathered rom wells, filtration plants and commercial brands (bottled water) in distinct urban and rural areas of Asir region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Overall, 63 water samples were collected from 12 locations and 9 brands of bottled water. ExStik® FL700Fluoridemeter was used in the analysis of water samples for fluoride levels. The total number of screened patients for dental fluorosis, aged between 9 and 50 years, was 1150; among them, 609 were males and 541 were females. Dean’s index criteria were used to examine the patients for dental fluorosis. The results revealed that fluoride levels varied between 0.03 and 3.8 ppm. People who drank well water displayed increased fluoride levels (>0.81 ppm). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was established to be 20.43% among the total number of examined patients. The findings of this study show very mild to moderate dental fluorosis prevail among the patients who consume well water in the Asir region.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of biological contaminants in different drinking water resources of the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Abada ◽  
Zarraq Al-Fifi ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab ◽  
Mosbah Mahdhi ◽  
Mukul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract Drinking water quality plays a remarkable role in human infections and diseases. This study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to detect bacterial pathogens. In addition, a physicochemical analysis was performed on drinking water samples from several sources. A total of 123 drinking water samples were collected from different areas in the Jazan region in Saudi Arabia: ground water (40 samples), bottled water (15 samples), tap water (52 samples), and water purification shops (16 samples). To isolate the bacterial pathogens, the water samples were spread on Nutrient and MacConkey agar media, and the grown pathogens were then identified by the 16S ribosomal RNA technique. In 87 (70.7%) of the 123 drinking water samples, there was no pathogen growth on the two-culture medium. However, 36 (29.3%) of the samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria. The physicochemical analysis indicated that the water samples were within the Saudi drinking water standards. The bacteria were resistant to Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime/Clavulanic acid, Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Rifampin and Sulfamethoxazole–Trimethoprim, respectively. The findings suggest that in Jazan, bottled water is a safer source of potable water than tap water. The contamination in the water may be occurring at the reservoirs rather than the water sources.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

scholarly journals Influence of an Extended Domestic Drinking Water System on the Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Zlatanović ◽  
Aleksandra Knezev ◽  
Jan van der Hoek ◽  
Jan Vreeburg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water System

Removal of N-nitrosamine precursors in drinking water system using adsorption methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihua Wu ◽  
Honglan Shi ◽  
Yinfa Ma ◽  
Craig Adams ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water System
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