scholarly journals Water loss reduction: a new approach to achieve real water savings and environmental benefits

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Renaud ◽  
J. Pillot ◽  
C. Aubrun ◽  
E. Bréjoux ◽  
B. Augeard

Abstract Water scarcity is a harsh reality for many regions. As a result, reducing losses from water supply systems (WSSs) is of great environmental importance around the world. In France, water suppliers are legally bound to reduce losses from their WSSs through loss reduction action plans (LRAPs). For these plans to work, they need to suit the area to which they are applied. Their impacts on water bodies (WBs) and the environment also need to be taken into account. This paper explains an innovative approach to fulfil these objectives. It involves adding two elements to the design of LRAPs: calculation of a water abstraction and discharge balance (WADB) and analysis of environmental effects (AEE) relating to loss reduction actions, based on life cycle assessment. The usefulness and the practicality of this approach are examined through two practical case studies. It is shown that the WADB allows LRAPs to be configured to optimise water savings in the most sensitive WBs. AEE makes it possible to identify a loss reduction level above which the overall environmental balance becomes negative. While the LRAP design and the WADB calculation methods are ready to be used by WSS managers, the AEE still requires further improvement.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vojinovic ◽  
D. Solomatine ◽  
R.K. Price

In recent years, there has been increasing concern for wastewater system failure and identification of optimal set of remedial works requirements. So far, several methodologies have been developed and applied in asset management activities by various water companies worldwide, but often with limited success. In order to fill the gap, there are several research projects that have been undertaken in exploring various algorithms to optimise remedial works requirements, but mostly for drinking water supply systems, and very limited work has been carried out for the wastewater assets. Some of the major deficiencies of commonly used methods can be found in either one or more of the following aspects: inadequate representation of systems complexity, incorporation of a dynamic model into the decision-making loop, the choice of an appropriate optimisation technique and experience in applying that technique. This paper is oriented towards resolving these issues and discusses a new approach for the optimisation of wastewater systems remedial works requirements. It is proposed that the optimal problem search is performed by a global optimisation tool (with various random search algorithms) and the system performance is simulated by the hydrodynamic pipe network model. The work on assembling all required elements and the development of an appropriate interface protocols between the two tools, aimed to decode the potential remedial solutions into the pipe network model and to calculate the corresponding scenario costs, is currently underway.


Tehnika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Goran Orasanin ◽  
Dragana Ristic ◽  
Dalibor Vlaski ◽  
Branko Vucijak

Author(s):  
N. Baranchikova ◽  
S. Epifanov ◽  
Valerii, Zorkal’tsev ◽  
Leonid, Korel’stein

В последние десятилетия резко возросло строительство крупных зданий: торговоразвлекательных центров, многофункциональных высотных зданий жилого и общественного назначения, в том числе с подземными автостоянками, складских помещений для хранения горючих материалов. При строительстве часто используют отделочные материалы, которые при возгорании выделяют отравляющие вещества. Пожары могут приводить к человеческим жертвам и значительным материальным потерям. Для пожарной безопасности зданий и сооружений наиболее эффективно использование противопожарного водоснабжения как наружного, так и внутреннего. Изза невозможности обеспечить наружное пожаротушение большой части помещений верхних этажей высотных зданий особое значение приобретает эффективность и надежность систем внутреннего пожаротушения. Расход воды на противопожарное водоснабжение может составлять 200 л/с и более. Для подачи воды в таком объеме к местам возгорания требуются эффективные системы внутреннего водоснабжения: автоматические системы пожаротушения (спринклерные и дренчерные), внутренний противопожарный водопровод, дренчерные водяные завесы. Совмещенные системы внутреннего пожаротушения включают автоматические установки пожаротушения и внутренний противопожарный водопровод. Методика гидравлического расчета каждой из этих систем имеется в нормативной и специальной литературе. Но при гидравлическом расчете совмещенных (объединенных) систем противопожарного водоснабжения следует учитывать их существенные особенности. В связи с этим рассматривается математическая модель потокораспределения в автоматических системах пожаротушения, совмещенных с внутренним противопожарным водопроводом. Приводится методика гидравлического расчета произвольных совмещенных систем противопожарного водоснабжения. Предлагаемая модель позволяет получать реальную величину отбора воды через насадки (распылители) и пожарные ручные стволы.In recent decades the construction of large buildings has risen sharply: shopping and entertainment centers, multifunctional highrise buildings for residential and public purposes with underground parking lots, storage facilities for the storage of combustible materials. During construction finishing materials are often used that emit toxic substances if ignition occurs. Fires can result in fatalities and substantial material losses. For the fire safety of buildings and structures the use of firefighting water supply both outdoor and internal is most effective. Due to the inability to provide for outdoor firefighting of a large part of the premises of the upper floors of highrise buildings, the effectiveness and reliability of internal firefighting systems is of particular importance. Water consumption for fire water supply can be 200 l/s or more. To supply water in such a volume to the fire points, effective internal fire water supply systems are required: automatic firefighting systems (sprinkler and deluge), internal fire water pipelines, deluge water curtains. Combined internal firefighting systems include automatic firefighting installations and internal firefighting water pipeline. The method of hydraulic calculation of each of these systems is available in the regulatory and specialized literature. However, in the process of hydraulic calculations of combined (integrated) firefighting water supply systems, their essential features should be taken into account. In this regard, a mathematical model of flow distribution in automatic firefighting systems combined with an internal fire water pipeline system is considered. The technique of hydraulic calculation of arbitrary combined firefighting water supply systems is given. The proposed model allows you to get an actual value of water abstraction through nozzles (sprayers) and hand control branch pipes.


2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
Mihai Gavrilas ◽  
Gilda Gavrilas ◽  
Ovidiu Ivanov

Author(s):  
Shakhboz Dadabaev

The main negative factors affecting the starting modes of synchronous electric drives of pumping units of irrigation water supply systems were identified, computer simulation of direct and soft start of synchronous electric drive was made, the simulation results are shown in graphs and a brief conclusion was made on the study.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  

Abstract LAVIN NDZ-S BRONZE is a copper-base alloy recommended as a high-strength dezincification and dealuminization resistant valve stem material in water supply systems. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting and machining. Filing Code: Cu-151. Producer or source: R. Lavin & Sons Inc..


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