Comparison of different targeting methods for watershed management practices implementation in Taleghan dam watershed, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1484-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Noor ◽  
Mehdi Vafakhah ◽  
Majid Mohammady
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Specific Sediment Yield

Soil erosion and sediment control is important in watersheds with planned dam construction. For an efficient implementation of watershed management practices, identification of critical areas is vital. Many studies have made an effort to identify and prioritize critical sub-watersheds. But very limited studies have been conducted to rank sub-watersheds in terms of their sediment yield contribution at the watershed outlet. Therefore, the goal of this study is spatial priority of critical sources areas in Taleghan dam watershed based on three methods: (1) SSY-S: specific sediment yield at sub-watershed outlet (sediment yield/area), (2) SY-W: sub-watershed contribution to the sediment yield of the main watershed outlet/reservoir, and (3) SSY-W: specific sediment yield contribution of sub-watershed to the main watershed outlet/reservoir. The results of sub-watershed and prioritization showed that sub-watershed 22 has the highest sediment yield at its own sub-watershed outlet and main outlet of watershed. Also, implementing conservation practices in a high priority area shows a decrease in sediment yield at watershed outlet. However, sediment yield at outlet of watershed decreased about 11%, 15% and 17% from baseline scenario in methods 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The results show that the SSY-W method was more effective at reducing sediments entering the reservoir of Taleghan dam.

Impacts of climate and land use changes on the erosion processes in a Mediterranean agricultural catchment (Northern Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Briak ◽  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Khadija Aboumaria ◽  
Fassil Kebede ◽  
Rachid Mrabet
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Erosion Processes

<p>Recent studies on vulnerability to climate and land use change show a trend towards increased aridity accelerating soil erosion which is the primary factor to be considered by decision makers in the environmental field. Furthermore, to reduce the soil erosion intensity, it is required to clarify the sources zones of sediment yield where soil conservation works have to focus on. The model selected for this work is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) which is one of many models widely used to assess soil erosion risk and simulate conservation measures efficiency. In fact, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) on sediments using SWAT model in the Kalaya river basin located in the North of Morocco in order to recommend the most appropriate one. The model was calibrated and validated using observed data of flow and sediment concentration; the performance of the model was evaluated using statistical methods and the total soil erosion rate was estimated by this model in the study area. However, we concentrated on the representation of three interesting and most usable practices by the SWAT model: contouring, strip-cropping and terracing. The general parameters of the model have been modified to reflect the implementation of four different BMPs. The modification of these parameters was based on previous research and modeling efforts conducted in watersheds. Resulting sediment yield were compared with the result of simulation of the baseline scenario (existing conditions). In fact, effective measures to reduce sediment losses at the watershed level are organized according to their effectiveness, and these are terracing (28% reduction and the value is 15t/ha/y) followed by strip-cropping (9% reduction and the value is 5t/ha/y). On the other hand, measurements performed by the contouring are inappropriate for the study area because they have contributed to increasing the soil erosion (more than 31% of losses and the value is 17t/ha/y more than existing conditions). The mean annual values of sediment yields obtained for scenarios with and without BMPs were compared to assess the effectiveness of BMPs. Among all other practices, terracing was the most effective BMPs for reducing sediments which is perfectly recommended in the Mediterranean regions in general to avoid the risk of damage during intense rainfall. These results indicates that the use of terracing on agricultural land can potentially make improvements marked the control and limitation of soil erosion, and it also affords useful information for involved stakeholders in water and soil conservation activities for targeted management.</p>

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

Dynamics of Soil Erosion as Influenced by Watershed Management Practices: A Case Study of the Agula Watershed in the Semi-Arid Highlands of Northern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayele Almaw Fenta ◽  
Hiroshi Yasuda ◽  
Katsuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Aklilu Negussie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Estimation of Soil Loss from Watershed for Identifying High Risk Erosion Zones Using GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Matli ◽  
Nimmy John
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Soil loss from watersheds significantly influences the fertility soils and natural environment and hence it is a serious concern across the globe. Soil conservation is the top priority in watershed management though it is impractical to completely control soil erosion from all parts of watershed and hence achieve soil conservation. As controlling soil erosion in watersheds at micro level is difficult, broad measures which are economical and feasible are recommended for soil conservation. In order to plan suitable conservation techniques, it is essential to prioritize watersheds based on vulnerability to soil erosion. For identifying suitable soil conservation methods, it is necessary to consider critical erosion zones, threats to lives and property, socio-economic constraints and local challenges. Assessment of soil erosion is very important for arriving at the prioritization of watersheds for soil conservation. This paper reports the findings of the study carried out on Janagoan Mandal in Warangal District with hell of GIS techniques. Estimation of soil loss from the watershed is estimated using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Using the data available with various agencies, average annual erosion is estimated by developing GIS maps for six major watershed parameters. The watershed has been divided into sub watersheds and prioritization study is carried out considering factors that influence soil erosion. Using GIS tool and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the soil loss from the watershed is estimated and high risk zones are demarked. Soil loss from 80% of the watershed area is in the range of 0 - 200 tons/ha/year, while the high risk zones of erosion are about 12% of the area. Watershed management practices are recommended to reduce the soil loss from the high risk zones.

scholarly journals Erosion and Sediment Control Best Management Practices in Agricultural Farms for Effective Reservoir Sedimentation Management at Cameron Highlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6198-6205
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Cameron Highlands

For many years, lands in Cameron Highland have been opened and leveled for agricultural farming and intensive crop production. Land-disturbing activities such as agricultural operations that are conducted on regions with steep slopes leads to a high potential of soil erosion, sedimentation and landslide occurrences. As a results, this phenomenon producing large amounts of sediment transported and deposited to the receiving waters or reservoirs. The development of best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural activities is an important step towards minimizing the amount of soil erosion and landslide incidents in Cameron Highlands. Therefore, this Erosion and Sediment Control Guideline for Agricultural Activities in Hilly Area aims to minimize erosion and sedimentation from the agricultural area in Cameron Highlands especially in the scope of reservoir sedimentation management. There numbers of steps taken in order to establish this guidelines. The first step is to define the scope with the purpose of the guideline and conduct a literature review. In order to assess the quality and feasibility of the study to formulate the frameworks, engagement with stakeholders was conducted. Lastly is to undergo review and update based on the recommendations by related stakeholders. Finally, before the establishment of guidelines, all recommendations by related stakeholders are take in account that consists of Best Management Practices components which will be applied in the agricultural area to mitigate issues and problems especially in erosion control and reservoir sedimentation management. The Erosion Control Measures are including agronomic measures, soil management, mechanical methods and Rainwater Harvesting Techniques. Subsequently, these measures are used to apply in open or sheltered farming to control the erosion and sedimentation issues based on the erosion risk level. As a conclusion, this guideline will be useful for the stakeholders especially to local community, dam owners and local authority to mitigate and solve the issues related to erosion and sedimentation in hilly agricultural area

scholarly journals Assessing The Impact Of Sediments On Best Management Practices (Bmps) For Highway Runoff Control At Wolaita Sodo Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 734-748
Author(s):  
Dagimwork Asele Manuka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Detention Ponds ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Impact

The goals of this work are to estimate the amount of erosion and to evaluate the impacts of sediments on Best Management Practices (BMPs) for highway runoff and also used to estimate the annual erosion and sediment yield from the construction sites considering various erosion control management methods that might be used in the sites. Once the sediment yield is found, a model was designed to estimate the sediment capture efficiency of different Best Management Practices (BMPs) and to evaluate the service year of each BMP before it is filled with sediment. The two major objectives of this project are: to predict sediment yield from highway construction sites under different erosion management conditions and secondly to estimate the service year of sediment control BMPs treating runoff from highway construction sites. The BMPs selected for evaluation were: detention ponds, infiltration trenches, grass lined swales, grass lined swales with rock check dams, and bio retention areas. Each respective BMP requires different measures of efficiency to accurately assess its effectiveness and service year.

scholarly journals Logging Sediment Control Act and Forestry Best Management Practices in West Virginia: A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Joe McNeel ◽  
Steve Milauskas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Best Management

Abstract Best management practices (BMP) for controlling soil erosion and sedimentation are the operational guidelines for logging in the state of West Virginia, which have been revised in 1989, 1995, 1996, 2001, and 2002. The West Virginia legislature passed the Logging Sediment Control Act (LSCA) in 1992. This Act specifically mandates logger licensing, logger certification, harvesting operation notification, and enforcement capability for activities causing erosion and sedimentation on logging sites. Since the first BMP assessment conducted in 1981, the West Virginia Division of Forestry has periodically evaluated compliance with BMP. The evaluations have taken place in 1986, 1991, and 1996 respectively. The state LSCA, BMP, and compliance evaluations were reviewed, and the results indicate a trend of increasing compliance with BMP in West Virginia.

scholarly journals The status of soil erosion in the Upper Blue Nile Basin: Identification of hot spot Areas and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in the Toba Watershed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Dessalegn Geleta Ebsa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Upper Blue Nile Basin

Abstract Land degradation caused by soil erosion has become the most serious problem in the Ethiopian highlands. Quantifying the spatial variations of soil loss with a strong evidence helps to prioritize the watersheds for the implementation of different management practices. The study was carried out in the Toba Watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia. Its objective was to evaluate the rate of soil erosion and identify the hotspots with high risk of soil erosion for watershed management planning. Then, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMP) in reducing soil loss. The performance of SWAT in simulating streamflow and sediment yield was evaluated through sensitivity analysis, uncertainty, calibration and validation process. Statistically, the calibrated and validated sediment yields (SY) against the observed sediment data were reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.67, 0.65, NSE = 0.66, 0.64, PBIAS=-8.4%, 9.8% respectively). The annual SY in Toba watershed varies from 0.09 t ha− 1 yr− 1 to 44.8 t ha− 1 yr− 1 with an average SY of 22.7 t ha− 1 yr− 1. To prioritize the SY of the watershed, the annual severity of SY was divided into six classes: very low, low, moderate, high, very high and severe. The study also showed that SY in most watersheds (about 53.8%) were higher than the average. Cultivation on steep slopes leads to the highest SY, while forested areas have lower SY contribution. five management scenarios were evaluated using the Calibrated model. Seventeen sub-basins with SY exceeding the tolerable erosion of Ethiopia (t ha− 1 yr− 1) were considered for the analysis of the BMP scenario. The results show that reforestation combined with vegetative strips was the most effective for soil erosion control (87.8% reduction) followed by the combination of soil/stone bund and vegetative strips (83.7% reduction). Overall, the results of this study provided important data for watershed management and are very useful to ensure the sustainable management of land and natural resources at watershed level.

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