Reduction in water losses in water distribution systems using pressure reduction valves

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Luca Cozzolino ◽  
Renata Della Morte ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Pipe Replacement

Water loss is a phenomenon frequently observed within water distribution systems (WDSs), that is considerably worsened by an excessive pressure throughout the network. As an alternative option to pipe replacement, the use of pumps working as turbines, throttle control valves (TCVs), or pressure reduction valves (PRVs) can be used to reduce leakage. For a preassigned number of these devices, their positions and settings can be chosen to minimize the water losses in the network or to minimise the costs associated with the leakage. On the other hand, for a preassigned reduction in leakage, the number, the position and the setting of valves could be optimized in order to minimize their installation and maintenance costs. Based on these observations, a procedure for the optimal choice of the number, position and setting of PRVs is devised. The procedure is aimed at reducing the whole cost associated with water loss in urban WDSs, due to the background leakage from joints, and the purchase, installation and maintaining of the PRVs themselves. The effectiveness of the procedure, which is based on the physical modelling of leakage from pipe joints as well as on the use of a genetic algorithm, is proven using a small but realistic example.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Sensor Placement and Pressure Reducing Valve Localization for Pressure Control of Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao ◽  
Hopfgarten ◽  
Ostfeld ◽  
Salomons ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

Many studies on pressure sensor (PS) placement and pressure reducing valve (PRV) localization in water distribution systems (WDSs) have been made with the objective of improving water leakage detection and pressure reduction, respectively. However, due to varying operation conditions, it is expected to realize pressure control using a number of PSs and PRVs to keep minimum operating pressure in real-time. This study aims to investigate the PS placement and PRV localization for the purpose of pressure control system design for WDSs. For such a control system, a PS should be positioned to represent the pressure patterns of a region of the WDS. Correspondingly, a PRV should be located to achieve a maximum pressure reduction between two neighboring regions. According to these considerations, an approach based on the k-means++ method for simultaneously determining the numbers and positions of both PSs and PRVs is proposed. Results from three case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach. It is shown that the sensors positioned have a high accuracy of pressure representation and the valves localized lead to a significant pressure reduction.

scholarly journals Average Operating Pressure Effect on Water Supply Systems Performances. A Case Study for 12 Romanian Small Water Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
E. Vitan ◽  
Anca Hotupan ◽  
Adriana Hadarean
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Small Water

Abstract The performance evaluation of an implemented water distribution network is in tight relation with the choice of adequate measures for water loss reduction. Hence, the consequences of placing the water network in a wrong performance category are bad and will conduct to unreasonably costs or considerable water loss volumes. Therefore, the evaluation of the water network performance level based on both Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) indicators is to be recommended. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of water distribution systems based on the calculated performance indicators NRW and ILI. For this purpose, collected data for a period of one year from 12 Romanian small water distribution systems and two simplified average pressure determination methods were used.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Potential Impact of Energy Recovery and Pipe Replacement on Leakage Reduction in a Medium Sized District Metered Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12929
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Pipe Replacement ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Societies

The drive for sustainable societies with more resilient infrastructure networks has catalyzed interest in leakage reduction as a subsequent benefit to energy recovery in water distribution systems. Several researchers have conducted studies and piloted successful energy recovery installations in water distribution systems globally. Challenges remain in the determination of the number, location, and optimal control setting of energy recovery devices. The PERRL 2.0 procedure was developed, employing a genetic algorithm through extended period simulations, to identify and optimize the location and size of hydro-turbine installations for energy recovery. This procedure was applied to the water supply system of the town of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Several suitable locations for pressure reduction, with energy recovery installations between 600 and 800 kWh/day were identified, with the potential to also reduce leakage in the system by 2 to 4%. Coupling the energy recovery installations with a pipe replacement model showed a further reduction in leakage up to a total of above 6% when replacing 10% of the aged pipes within the network. Several solutions were identified on the main supply line and the addition of a basic water balance, to the analysis, was found valuable in preliminarily evaluation and identification of the more sustainable solutions.

A model to simulate leakage through joints in water distribution systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Luca Cozzolino ◽  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Renata Della Morte ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Background Leakage

The water loss is a phenomenon frequently observed within water distribution systems. A considerable part of water losses occurs either because of the incorrect assembly of joints or because of the fatigue and ageing of the material used to ensure a watertight seal. Moreover, such a leakage is very difficult to detect and to assess. In this work, we present a novel formulation for modelling the pressure effect on the background leakage through the joints. The proposed approach is based on the preliminary evaluation of the enlargement Δω, due to pressure, of the existing space between the outer side of the spigot end of a pipe and the inner wall of the hub end of the adjacent pipe (which is characterised by the area ωatm at atmospheric pressure). Furthermore, the whole procedure is based on the evaluation, by field data or calibration, of a parameter ξ representing the rate of enlarged area ω that, for several reasons, may be not covered by the gasket, ω being the value, at pressure p, of the area above defined.

Use of district metered areas coupled with pressure optimisation to reduce leakage

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambos Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Losses

Water shortage and the future threat posed by changing climatic conditions has intensified the need for the development of appropriate water management approaches, which aim at keeping a balance between water supply and demand. Losses from water distribution systems must be of concern to every water utility, especially in areas of our planet where water is found in very limited quantities. It is therefore imperative that water utilities apply simple and effective methodologies in accounting for water losses from their transmission and distribution systems. The Water Loss Task Force (WLTF) of the International Water Association (IWA) has established a water audit method, which traces water from its source right through the system and derives at the end the revenue and non-revenue component, in other words is a methodology for water accountability and an integrated approach to water loss control. The Water Board of Lemesos, Cyprus recognised at a very early stage the importance and significance of establishing a proper water audit system and has over the years developed its infrastructure in such a way in order to be able to account efficiently and accurately for all water produced. Reduction and control of water loss was achieved through the application of a holistic strategy based on the approach developed by the WLTF of the IWA. Integral part of this approach is the establishment and operation of DMAs.

scholarly journals Analysis of water losses in two selected water distribution systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Musz-Pomorska ◽  
Małgorzata Iwanek ◽  
Katarzyna Parafian ◽  
Katarzyna Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Losses

scholarly journals A new mathematical program with complementarity constraints for optimal localization of pressure reducing valves in water distribution systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Duc Dai
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Point ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Program ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Complementarity Constraints ◽  
Optimal Localization

AbstractWater loss reduction in water distribution systems (WDSs) is a challenging task for water utilities worldwide. One of the most reliable and cost-effective ways to reduce water loss is to properly regulate operational pressure of the system through optimizing pressure reducing valve (PRV) placements. This well-known engineering problem can be casted into a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) where binary variables are introduced to represent positions of PRVs. Many works in the literature applied heuristic algorithms to address the optimization problem. In this paper, at first, we proposed a new optimization model and reformulated it as the mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCCs). It is due to the fact that the stationary point of the MPCCs is likely to be trapped into bad local solutions, a soft heuristic method is then proposed to determine the MINLP local solution in each iteration before a stationary point of the MPCCs is reached. This method not only enhances the quality of MINLP solution, but also decreases computation time for solving the MPCCs. The newly formulated MPCCs is applied to determine optimal localization of PRVs for two WDS benchmarks and a real-world WDS in Vietnam. The results are compared with others in the literature demonstrating that using our new optimization model, better and more reliable MINLP solution can be found for large scale WDSs.

scholarly journals Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kowalski ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Hołota ◽  
Artur Choma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Secondary Contamination

Abstract Water suppliers can be treated as production companies whose main product is water delivered to their customers. The article presents problems connected with management of such companies in the conditions of secondary contamination in water distribution systems. This phenomenon exists in water networks all over the world. Its’ presence is particularly visible in countries of former communistic block. In the article particular attention was devoted to the issue of water quality correction in the analysed systems. In the case of water distribution systems, former quality correction methods consisted in special treatment of water pumped into the system, flushing and cleaning of water pipes. In both these cases identification of water quality deficiencies resulted in significant water loss. The situation reflects management processes applied in the manufacturing industry of the 1940s. The authors of this paper put forward the concept of three water quality correction methods which would not entail such considerable water loss. The methods in question are intended for different network types. The implementation of proposed solutions could set new standards in management of distribution systems of water providers.

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