Biocorrosion in drinking water pipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Pizarro ◽  
Ignacio T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Transition Flow ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Copper Release

Copper is widely used in drinking water distribution systems due to its relatively low cost and favorable mechanical properties. However, copper corrosion may generate copper concentrations exceeding the thresholds prescribed by international drinking water standards. In-situ measurements performed in an actual system found that the copper mass released under flowing water conditions (pipe flushing) was greater than the copper mass release estimated considering only the mass of copper in the pipe's bulk water before the tap is opened. This work presents in-situ and laboratory results of copper release into the water and its dependence on biofilm structure, solid-liquid interface properties, and the pipe flow regime (laminar vs. transition flow). The results of this work highlight the necessity to incorporate the hydrodynamic effects in the analysis of corrosion and corrosion by-products release into drinking water piping systems. Initial modeling efforts are also presented.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Different Brass Alloys for Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Choucri ◽  
Federica Zanotto ◽  
Vincenzo Grassi ◽  
Andrea Balbo ◽  
Mohamed Ebn Touhami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Brass Alloys

Some α + β’ brass components of drinking water distribution systems in Morocco underwent early failures and were investigated to assess the nature and extent of the corrosion attacks. They exhibited different corrosion forms, often accompanied by extensive β’ dezincification. In order to offer viable alternatives to these traditional low cost materials, the corrosion behavior of two representative α + β’ brass components was compared to that of brass alloys with nominal compositions CuZn36Pb2As and CuZn21Si3P, marketed as dezincification resistant. CuZn21Si3P is a recently developed eco-friendly brass produced without any arsenic or lead. Electrochemical tests in simulated drinking water showed that after 10 days of immersion CuZn21Si3P exhibited the highest polarization resistance (Rp) values but after longer immersion periods its Rp values became comparable or lower than those of the other alloys. After 150 days, scanning electron microscope coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses evidenced that the highest dezincification resistance was afforded by CuZn36Pb2As (longitudinal section of extruded bar), exhibiting dealloying and subsequent oxidation of β’ only at a small depth. Limited surface dealloying was also found on CuZn21Si3P, which underwent selective silicon and zinc dissolution and negligible inner oxidation of both α and κ constituent phases, likely due to peculiar galvanic effects.

Prevention of bacterial growth in drinking water distribution systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Piriou ◽  
S. Dukan ◽  
Y. Levi ◽  
P. A. Jarrige
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Using Data

Of the many causes of drinking water quality deterioration in distribution systems, biological phenomena are undoubtedly the subject of the most study. They are also the most closely monitored because of short-term public health risks. A determinist model was developed to predict bacterial growth in the network and to locate the zones where the risks of biological proliferation are the highest. The model takes into account the growth of suspended and fixed bacteria, the consumption of available nutrients in the bulk water and in the biofilm layer, the influence of chlorine residual on the mortality of suspended and fixed biomass, the deposition of suspended bacteria and the detachment of biofilm cells, the influence of temperature on bacterial activity and chlorine decay. The model is constructed using hydraulic results previously generated by PICCOLO, the SAFEGE hydraulic computer model and a numerical scheme to predict bacterial count at each node and on each link of a network. The model provides an effective and each way to visualise on a computer screen variations in water quality in the network. The first model calibration was done using data obtained from a pipe loop system pilot. A validation of the model has been carried out by means of measurement campaigns on various real networks. This predictive model of bacterial growth in distribution systems is a unique approach for the study, diagnosis and management of distributed water quality. This tool is helpful for proposing strategies for the management of distribution systems and treatment plants and to define conditions and locations of high bacterial counts in relation to hydraulic conditions.

Modelling bacteriological water quality in drinking water distribution systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Piriou ◽  
S. Dukan ◽  
L. Kiene
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Biofilm Detachment ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Because on-site experimentation raises numerous problems, the study and the modelling of bacterial regrowth phenomena in drinking water distribution systems has been performed using a pipe loop pilot under various operating conditions. As a result, experiments have shown that inlet bacterial counts have little influence on the biofilm behavior which is mainly driven by the amount of available nutrients (BDOC). Biofilm detachment has a significant influence on the increase of suspended bacterial counts with time in relation to the net growth in the bulk water. All these results have been used to develop and validate a deterministic type of model, called PICCOBIO. Some guidelines to achieve water bacteriological stability have been proposed using model simulations.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Biofouling Monitoring to Assess Drinking Water Distribution System Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances C. Pick ◽  
Katherine E. Fish ◽  
Stewart Husband ◽  
Joby B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Customer Contact ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Contact Data

Biofilms are endemic in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), forming on all water and infrastructure interfaces. They can pose risks to water quality and hence consumers. Our understanding of these biofilms is limited, in a large part due to difficulties in sampling them without unacceptable disruption. A novel, non-destructive and non-disruptive biofilm monitoring device (BMD), which includes use of flow cytometry analysis, was developed to assess biofouling rates. Laboratory based experiments established optimal configurations and verified reliable cell enumeration. Deployment at three operational field sites validated assessment of different biofouling rates. These differences in fouling rates were not obvious from bulk water sampling and analysis, but did have a strong correlation with long-term performance data of the associated networks. The device offers the potential to assess DWDS performance in a few months, compared to the number of years required to infer findings from historical customer contact data. Such information is vital to improve the management of our vast, complex and uncertain drinking water supply systems; for example rapidly quantifying the benefits of improvements in water treatment works or changes to maintenance of the network.

scholarly journals DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATERWORKS IN FINLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Meirami Ikonena ◽  
Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽  
Jatta Heikkinen ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Robert Ciszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Physico-chemical and microbiological water quality in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) of five waterworks in Finland with different raw water sources and treatment processes was explored. Water quality was monitored during four seasons with on-line equipment and bulk water samples were analysed in laboratory. Seasonal changes in the water quality were more evident in DWDSs of surface waterworks compared to the ground waterworks and artificially recharging ground waterworks (AGR). Between seasons, temperature changed significantly in every sys-tem but pH and EC changed only in one AGR system. Seasonal change was seen also in the absorbance values of all sys-tems. The concentration of microbially available phosphorus (MAP, μg PO₄-P/l) was the highest in drinking water origi-nating from the waterworks supplying groundwater. Total assimilable organic carbon (AOC, μg AOC-C/l) concentrations were significantly different between the DWDSs other than between the two AGR systems. This study reports differences in the water quality between surface and ground waterworks using a wide set of parameters commonly used for monitor-ing. The results confirm that every distribution system is unique, and the water quality is affected by environmental fac-tors, raw water source, treatment methods and disinfection.

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