Erratum: Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 15(5), 1011–1018: Topological clustering as a tool for planning water quality monitoring in water distribution networks, Jonas Kjeld Kirstein, Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen and Martin Rygaard

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1435
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Science

scholarly journals Framework for water quality monitoring system in water distribution networks based on vulnerability and population sensitivity risks

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Abo-Monasar ◽  
Muhammad Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Demand Distribution ◽  
Main Challenge

Delivering water in sufficient quantity and acceptable quality is the main objective of water distribution networks (WDN) and at the same time is the main challenge. Many factors affect the delivery of water through distribution networks. Some of these factors are relevant to water quality, quantity and the condition of the infrastructure itself. The deterioration of water quality in the WDN leads to failure at the water quality level, which can be critical because it is closest to the point of delivery and there are virtually no safety barriers before consumption. Accordingly, developing a powerful monitoring system that takes into consideration water demand distribution, the vulnerability of the distribution system and the sensitivity of the population to the deterioration of water quality can be very beneficial and, more importantly, could save lives if there was any deterioration of water quality due to operational failure or cross-contamination events. In this paper, a framework for a water quality monitoring system that considers water demand distribution, the vulnerability of the system and the sensitivity of the population using fuzzy synthetic evaluation and optimization algorithms is developed. The proposed approach has been applied to develop a monitoring system for a real WDN in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Topological clustering as a tool for planning water quality monitoring in water distribution networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kjeld Kirstein ◽  
Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen ◽  
Martin Rygaard
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Support Tool

Topological clustering was explored as a tool for water supply utilities in preparation of monitoring and contamination contingency plans. A complex water distribution network model of Copenhagen, Denmark, was simplified by topological clustering into recognizable water movement patterns to: (1) identify steady clusters for a part of the network where an actual contamination has occurred; (2) analyze this event by the use of mesh diagrams; and (3) analyze the use of mesh diagrams as a decision support tool for planning water quality monitoring. Initially, the network model was divided into strongly and weakly connected clusters for selected time periods and mesh diagrams were used for analysing cluster connections in the Nørrebro district. Here, areas of particular interest for water quality monitoring were identified by including user-information about consumption rates and consumers particular sensitive towards water quality deterioration. The analysis revealed sampling locations within steady clusters, which increased samples' comparability over time. Furthermore, the method provided a simplified overview of water movement in complex distribution networks, and could assist identification of potential contamination and affected consumers in contamination cases. Although still in development, the method shows potential for assisting utilities during planning of monitoring programs and as decision support tool during emergency contingency situations.

scholarly journals A multi-objective optimization model for operation of intermittent water distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2630-2647
Author(s):  
Mohammad Solgi ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Intermittent Operation ◽  
Supply Interruption

Abstract Intermittent operation of water distribution networks (WDNs) is an undesirable yet inevitable strategy under some circumstances such as droughts, development, electricity blackouts, and water pollution, mostly in developing countries. Intermittent utilization of WDNs poses several disadvantages encompassing water quality degradation, deterioration of the water-distribution system, and extra operational and maintenance costs due to frequently interrupted supply, unfair water distribution among consumers, and reduction of system serviceability. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to address the negative consequences of intermittent water shortages. The model is intended to maximize the quantitative and qualitative reliability and the fairness in water supply, and to minimize the frequency of supply interruption. The developed model also considers pragmatic limitations, water quality, water pressure, and supply reservoir's constraints to plan the operation of intermittent water distribution systems under water shortage. The model's efficiency is tested with a WDN in Iran and compared with a standard operation policy (SOP) for water distribution. According to the evaluated efficiency criteria concerning reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability of water quality and quantity of water supply, the developed model is superior to the SOP rule and improves the performance of the network under intermittent operation. In addition, the results demonstrate there is a tradeoff between the uniformity of water distribution and the frequency of supply interruption that shows operators’ and customers’ conflicting priorities.

Identifying water quality monitoring stations in a water supply system

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Zahrani ◽  
K. Moied
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Despite good quality assurance and conformance to the standards at the treatment plants, water quality could vary considerably within the distribution network. As water flows through the pipe network, its quality undergoes various transformations due to many factors such as the properties of the finished water, pipe materials, water temperature, water age and low level of disinfectant residuals. Sampling and monitoring of water quality is, therefore, important to ensure that clean and safe water is transported to the consumers. In this paper, a model based on genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic was developed to identify locations of water quality monitoring stations in a water distribution system. While identifying the monitoring locations, multiple sources of water supply, water age and constituent concentration were considered. The developed model was applied on a hypothetical network and results indicate that monitoring stations are proposed at locations with maximum coverage of water supply within the network and maximum violation for average water age and constituent concentrations.

scholarly journals Reducing Impacts of Contamination in Water Distribution Networks: A Combined Strategy Based on Network Partitioning and Installation of Water Quality Sensors

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ciaponi ◽  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Combined Strategy ◽  
Water Quality Sensors

This paper proposes a combined management strategy for monitoring water distribution networks (WDNs). This strategy is based on the application of water network partitioning (WNP) for the creation of district metered areas (DMAs) and on the installation of sensors for water quality monitoring. The proposed methodology was tested on a real WDN, showing that boundary pipes, at which flowmeters are installed to monitor flow, are good candidate locations for sensor installation, when considered along with few other nodes detected through topological criteria on the partitioned WDN. The option of considering only these potential locations, instead of all WDN nodes, inside a multi-objective optimization process, helps in reducing the search space of possible solutions and, ultimately, the computational burden. The solutions obtained with the optimization are effective in reducing affected population and detection time in contamination scenarios, and in increasing detection likelihood and redundancy of the monitoring system. Last but most importantly, these solutions offer benefits in terms of management and costs. In fact, installing a sensor alongside the flowmeter present between two adjacent DMAs yields managerial advantages associated with the closeness of the two devices. Furthermore, economic benefits due to the possibility of sharing some electronical components for data acquisition, saving, and transmission are derived.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN MINING AREAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F Khasanova ◽  
Ya. T Suyundukov ◽  
I. N Semenova ◽  
Yu. S Rafikova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mining Areas

The paper presents the results of a drinking water quality study in towns located in the mining areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, The Russian Federation. The objects of the study were underground water supply sources and water distribution networks of the towns of Uchaly, Sibay, and Baimak. In total, 30 water wells were examined, and five water samples were collected from the water distribution network in each town. The water quality indicators were pH, solid residue, total hardness, copper content, zinc content, iron content, and manganese content. The water quality in water distribution networks corresponded to the permissible limits according to environmental and sanitary regulations, except for the increased iron contentprobably due to corrosion of water supply pipelines. The water quality in non-centralized water supply (wells) in some areas failed to meet the sanitary standards. Priority indicators of water pollution were increased hardness and mineralization, high content of iron and manganese. To provide the residents with high-quality drinking water, it is proposed to make a complete inspection of centralized and non-centralized water sources not only within the towns, but also in the neighbouring communities. It is necessary to install filtration plants, primarily to reduce the iron content, in roder to bring the water taken from the wells for household and drinking purposes to the standard quality.

scholarly journals Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Piazza ◽  
E. J. Mirjam Blokker ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Valeria Puleo ◽  
Mariacrocetta Sambito
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Nsga Ii

Abstract In recent years, there has been a need to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution networks that may be related to the accidental contamination and the deliberate injection of toxic agents. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, maintains the reliability and efficiency of measurements, and limits the cost of the instrumentation. To this aim, two problems have to be faced: practical difficulties connected to the experimental verification of the optimal sensor configuration efficiency on real operating systems and challenges related to the reliability of the network modelling approaches, which usually neglect the dispersion and diffusion phenomena. The present study applies a numerical optimization approach using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm that was coupled with a new diffusive-dispersive hydraulic simulator. The results are compared with those of an experimental campaign on a laboratory network (Enna, Italy) equipped with a real-time water quality monitoring system and those of a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands). The results showed the importance of diffusive processes when flow velocity in the network is low. Neglecting diffusion can negatively influence the water quality sensor positioning, leading to inefficient monitoring networks.

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Novikova ◽  
I.O. Myasnikov ◽  
A.A. Kovshov ◽  
N.A. Tikhonova ◽  
N.S. Bashketova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

scholarly journals Optimal Water Quality Sensor Placement by Accounting for Possible Contamination Events in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Contamination Events

Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) can occur at any time and location. One protection measure in WDNs is the placement of water quality sensors (WQSs) to detect contamination and provide information for locating the potential contamination source. The placement of WQSs in WDNs must be optimally planned. Therefore, a robust sensor-placement strategy (SPS) is vital. The SPS should have clear objectives regarding what needs to be achieved by the sensor configuration. Here, the objectives of the SPS were set to cover the contamination event stages of detection, consumption, and source localization. As contamination events occur in any form of intrusion, at any location and time, the objectives had to be tested against many possible scenarios, and they needed to reach a fair value considering all scenarios. In this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected as the optimizer. The SPS was further reinforced using a databasing method to improve its computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed method was examined by comparing it with a benchmark SPS example and applying it to DMA-sized, real WDNs. The proposed optimization approach improved the overall fitness of the configuration by 23.1% and showed a stable placement behavior with the increase in sensors.

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