Efficient photo-oxidation of phenol and photo-inactivation of bacteria by cationic tetrakis(trimethylanilinium)porphyrins

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Fayyaz ◽  
Rahmatollah Rahimi ◽  
Mehdi Rassa ◽  
Ali Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Oxidation Of Phenol ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria

Photo-oxidation of phenol in aqueous alkaline and neutral buffer solutions by irradiation with visible light in the presence of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium)porphyrin (TAPP) and its zinc metal ion (ZnTAPP) photo-sensitizers is described. The inhibitory effect of these molecules on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus strophaeus and the Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa has also been examined. Furthermore, to determine the relationship between inhibition and attachment, the degree of binding of these photo-sensitizers to these bacteria was determined. The results show that TAPP is more effective than ZnTAPP in the photo-oxidation of phenol and photo-inactivation of the bacteria. In addition, the degree of binding of TAPP to these bacteria was more than that of ZnTAPP.

scholarly journals The Carpathian lingonberry, raspberry and blackberry fruit extracts feature variable antimicrobial efficiency

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Emőke Mihok ◽  
Éva György ◽  
Endre Máthé
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wild Berries

Wild berry is an excellent source of phytonutrients and/or bioactive compounds associated with significant therapeutic properties, so that they have been utilized in folk medicine and traditional nutrition throughout centuries. Multiple health-promoting effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-heart and coronary disease properties were attributed to such wild berries. It has also been proved that berries could feature antimicrobial effects that could be of a great importance for the prevention of food-feed poisoning and fighting back antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) crude and ethanolic extracts prepared from fruits obtained from the spontaneous flora of Eastern Carpathian Mountains situated in Transylvania. The antimicrobial effect of crude and alcoholic extracts were assessed on four Gram-negative, five Gram-positive bacteria and one yeast species using the agar diffusion method. The studied bacteria can cause food or feed spoilage and foodborne diseases. Our results indicate the significant inhibitory effect of lingonberry extracts in the case of Gram-negative bacteria like Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella Hartford, while among Gram-positive bacteria the strongest inhibitory effect was observed for Bacillus species like B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. mojavensis and Micrococcus luteus. The raspberry and blackberry extracts featured milder inhibitory effects in the case of the studied bacteria species. Furthermore, we have studied the crude or ethanolic extract combinations associated antimicrobial effects synergistic/additive or antagonistic properties. Interestingly, the triple and double ethanolic extract mixes had stronger antimicrobial properties, whereas the crude extract mixes showed relatively reduced effects, if any. Our results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of studied fruit extracts obtained from wild berries can vary upon the applied extraction method and their combination formulae, so that all these considerations must be taken into account when such fruit extracts are considered for foodstuff development.

Specific Inhibition of Endotoxin Coating of Red Cells by a Human Erythrocyte Membrane Component

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Georg F. Springer ◽  
Shankar V. Huprikar ◽  
Erwin Neter
Keyword(s):  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Common Antigens ◽  
Vi Antigen

We have isolated from human erythrocyte ghosts a fraction which prevents the attachment of unheated as well as heated lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria to red cells. This material has no significant inhibitory effect either toward the Vi antigen of gram-negative bacteria or towards the group and common antigens of the gram-positive bacteria investigated. We, therefore, named this fraction “lipopolysaccharide receptor.” The receptor interacts with lipopolysaccharides and not with erythrocytes, it forms complexes with and blocks those groupings of lipopolysaccharides which attach to red cells. The effect of the receptor is physical and not enzymatic. The interaction of the receptor with the lipopolysaccharides is reversible, and the receptor removes lipopolysaccharides fixed to red cells. An equilibrium of lipopolysaccharide distribution between cells and receptor is established when receptor-lipopolysaccharide complexes are incubated with red cells. The receptor is labile toward heat and deviation of the hydrogen ion concentration from neutrality; aldehydes destroy its inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salu Rai ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽  
Prem Prasad Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples.Staphylococcus aureus(99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated andPseudomonas aeruginosa(44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% ofS. aureusisolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria.Staphylococcus aureusfollowed byPseudomonas aeruginosawere the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients in ICU of Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotianingsih Sotianingsih ◽  
Samsirun H. ◽  
Lipinwati Lipinwati
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Pneumonia is defined as an inflammation of the lungs caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). This research aimed to determine the pneumonia-causing bacteria along with the sensitivity and the antibiotic resistance test. This research was a descriptive study with samples of ICU pneumonia patients at Raden Mattaher Regional Hospital during the study period. All samples were consecutively selected. Samples for blood culture were incubated in the BactAlert device, whereas the sensitivity test was then performed using Vitex instruments. Sputum was previously enriched with BHI media and then cultured on culture media, and sensitivity test with the Vitex instruments was carried out. Of the 354 ICU patients during the study period, 30 patients (11.8%) had pneumonia, but only 19 patients could undergo sputum culture. Five of 19 patients were infected with Gram-positive bacteria, and 14 patients were infected with Gram-negative bacteria. The most commonly found bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonia (36.84%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii (21.05%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.53%). Gram-negative bacteria obtained from sputum culture in this study were resistant to almost all antibiotic groups, especially penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolone, and tetracycline groups. Gram-positive bacteria obtained from sputum culture in this study were resistant to the penicillin antibiotic. The most commonly found bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonia (36.84%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii (21.05%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.53%). The bacteria cultured from the sputum showed multidrug resistance mainly to the penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotic. This research data can be used to consider the treatment of pneumonia patients to decide more appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Identification of the microflora from the oral cavity of exotic snakes kepth as pets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Marko Naumovski ◽  
Ivamaria Jovanovska ◽  
Kakja Popovska ◽  
Vesna Velikj Stefanovska ◽  
Gordana Mirchevska
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
The Republic

In recent years, snakes have become suitable pets for people with little spare time. By buying these animals people ignore the fact that they carry many microorganisms that are pathogenic for humans. The idea of ​​this study was to identify the microorganisms from the oral cavity of exotic snakes kept as pets in the Republic of North Macedonia, which can help in the treatment of bite infections if they occur. The study comprised 30 snakes of 9 species, from 3 families of non-venomous snakes: Pythonidae, Boidae and Colubridae. Snakes are part of the 5 largest collections of exotic snakes in the Republic of North Macedonia. Only one swab from the oral cavity was taken from each snake. The brushes were cultured and microscopically analyzed at the Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje. From 59 isolated microorganisms from the oral cavity of 30 exotic snakes, 37.3% were Gram-positive bacteria, 61.01% were Gram-negative bacteria and 1.69% were fungi. Of the total number of microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was predominant with 27.11%, Providencia rettgeri / Proteus vulgaris with 18.64% and KONS / Micrococcus luteus with 16.94%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present in all three snake families, with 62.5% of the snake in the fam. Pythonidae; 50% in the fam. Boidae and 50% in the fam. Colubridae. The isolate Providencia rettgeri / Proteus vulgaris was most frequently found in the fam. Colubridae with 71.43%, followed by fam. Pythonidae with 12.5%, but was not isolated in any specimen of the fam. Boidae. The microbiome of the non-venomous snakes is composed of Gram-positive bacteria in healthy snakes, but also in snakes kept in inadequate hygienic conditions. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, of which the most significant was the presence of multiple drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Snakes as pets require proper knowledge of terms and conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Putative Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain RBS Isolated from a Saltern, Tunisia: Effect of Metal Ion Cofactors on the Structure and the Activity of LasB

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. Rigane ◽  
R. Dutoit ◽  
S. Matthijs ◽  
N. Brandt ◽  
S. Flahaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ion Binding ◽  
Metal Ion Binding

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium able to survive in diverse environments such as soil, plants, freshwater, and seawater. P. aeruginosa can be an opportunistic pathogen to humans when their immune system is deficient. Its pathogenicity may be linked to the production of virulence factors. We isolated P. aeruginosa strain RBS from the saltern of Sfax in Tunisia. In this study, we characterized the halotolerance, antibiotic susceptibility, and some virulence factors of strain RBS. High NaCl concentrations inhibited growth and motility. However, biofilm formation was enhanced to protect bacteria against salt stress. Among the 18 antibiotics tested, quinolones and tetracycline showed a significant inhibitory effect on growth, motility, and biofilm formation of strain RBS. β-Lactams, however, did not have any inhibitory effect on neither bacterial growth nor motility. In some cases, resistance was due, in part, to biofilm formation. We also showed that RBS produces two proteases, LasB and AprA, which have been shown to be implicated in host infection. LasB was further characterized to study the role of metal ions in enzyme stability. It possesses two distinct metal ion-binding sites coordinating a calcium and a zinc ion. The effect of metal ion chelation was evaluated as well as substitutions of residues involved in metal ion binding. Impairing metal ion binding of LasB led to a loss of activity and a sharp decrease of stability. Our findings suggest that the binding of both metal ions is interdependent as the two metal ions’ binding sites are linked via a hydrogen bond network.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Biophotonic Treatment of Ampicillin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Hypericin and Ampicillin Cotreatment Followed by Orange Light

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seemi Tasnim Alam ◽  
Tram Anh Ngoc Le ◽  
Jin-Soo Park ◽  
Hak Cheol Kwon ◽  
Kyungsu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an alarming global issue that requires alternative antimicrobial methods to which there is no resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a well-known method to combat this problem for many pathogens, especially Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Hypericin and orange light APDT efficiently kill Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the yeast Candida albicans. Although Gram-positive bacteria and many fungi are readily killed with APDT, Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to kill due to their different cell wall structures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic, life-threatening Gram-negative pathogens. However, it cannot be killed successfully by hypericin and orange light APDT. P. aeruginosa is ampicillin resistant, but we hypothesized that ampicillin could still damage the cell wall, which can promote photosensitizer uptake into Gram-negative cells. Using hypericin and ampicillin cotreatment followed by orange light, a significant reduction (3.4 log) in P. aeruginosa PAO1 was achieved. P. aeruginosa PAO1 inactivation and gut permeability improvement by APDT were successfully shown in a Caenorhabditis elegans model.

scholarly journals Affectivity of Zatoria multiflora Boiss extracts Against Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
M Ur Rahman ◽  
S Gul ◽  
EA Odhano ◽  
Ir Hafeez ◽  
RB Tareen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
It Use ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The extracts of Zatoria multiflora Boiss were evaluated for prospective antibacterial activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Cefoperazone is used as antibacterial reference drug. The activity of ethanol and methanol extract varied from organism to organism. The inhibitory effect of both the extracts and their 50/50 combination was more pronounced against gram positive bacteria. The MIC and MBC values were in the range of 1.718-6.25 and 2.832-6.25 mg/ml respectively. Significant (p=0.05) synergistic effect of combination of EtOH and MeOH extracts was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 while additive effect against rest of the bacterial strains. The present studies provide evidences for presence of antibacterial elements in alcoholic extracts and recommends for more exploration for it use against bacterial diseases. Key words: Extracts; Zatoria multiflora Boiss; Antibacterial; MIC; MBC; Synergistic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.3652 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 105-110, 2011

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Egyptian Spice Essential Oils

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FARAG ◽  
Z. Y. DAW ◽  
F. M. HEWEDI ◽  
G. S. A. EL-BAROTY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures

Six spice essential oils (sage, rosemary, caraway, cumin, clove, and thyme) and their basic ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effect against 3 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 4 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one acid fast bacterium, and one yeast. Preliminary screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was done using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each essential oil against various micro-organisms was also measured. Very low concentrations (0.25 – 12 mg/ml) of the various essential oils were sufficient to prevent microbial growth. The data show that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the antimicrobial compounds in spices than Gram-negative. The inhibition zones of different microbial growth produced by various essential oils were similar to those produced by their basic compounds. Thyme and cumin oils possessed very strong antimicrobial activity compared with the other essential oils. There was a relationship between the chemical structures of the most abundant compounds in the essential oils under investigation and the antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Fluoroquinolones Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253
Author(s):  
Lubna Swellmeen ◽  
Amal Uzrail ◽  
Rand Shahin ◽  
Yusuf AL-Hiari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fluoroquinolones are well known to have an anti-infective action. In the present study we described the synthesis of novel florouquinolones derivative as antimicrobial agent. The biological test highlighted a good inhibitory activity for the 7-Chloro-1-Alkyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derived synthons especially against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae). The binding interactions were monitored and could explain the good inhibitory activity of the synthesized derivatives of florouquinolones.

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