How do typhoons and dust storms affect rainwater harvesting systems?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026
Author(s):  
Nick D. Wang ◽  
Jhy-Chern Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Rainwater Quality

This study aimed to investigate the effects of typhoons and dust storms on harvested rainwater quality. Rainwater samples were collected from the rainwater harvesting systems in northern Taiwan between September 2010 and April 2013. There were five typhoons and one dust storm that hit Taiwan during this period. Harvested rainwater was analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), acute biotoxicity test, and concentration of 13 metals and three anions. Results of harvested rainwater of the dust storm showed it had higher pH, turbidity, TOC, Na, Mg, Ca, Cl−, NO3− and SO42− than normal rainwater. Conversely, due to strong winds and dilution effect, most of the ion concentrations in harvested rainwater during typhoons were lower than in normal rainwater. In addition, biotoxicity in harvested rainwater during the dust storm and typhoons was not significantly different from that of normal rainwater.

Assessment of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting systems in Ontario, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Despins ◽  
Khosrow Farahbakhsh ◽  
Chantelle Leidl
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Rainwater Quality

scholarly journals Knowledge of measures to safeguard harvested rainwater quality in rural domestic households

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baguma ◽  
Willibald Loiskandl ◽  
Ika Darnhofer ◽  
Helmut Jung ◽  
Michael Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Quality ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Given the possibility of waterborne diseases caused by inappropriate rainwater harvesting systems, a survey was conducted in Uganda to assess existing knowledge of both physical and non-physical measures that safeguard harvested rainwater. Households who had received rainwater tanks were assessed on issues related to harvested rainwater quality. The study shows that 84% of respondents were aware of various sources of rainwater contamination, but only 5% were aware that they needed to adjust use of rainwater, depending on whether they cleaned the tank or not. Most of the respondents were not aware that gutter cleaning was necessary to improve water quality. Indeed, as the water from the collection surface is channelled through gutters, a number of measures need to be taken to control the entry of contaminations and subsequent growth of pathogens in the tank, e.g. first flush diverts, installation of filters, chemical use and mesh cleaning. The majority, however, did not take adequate care of the gutters and this impacts on health and social livelihood. Overall, the findings emphasize the need to provide more information to households when installing water harvesting tanks to ensure that the harvested rainwater is of high quality.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Impacts of Dust Storms on Aerosol and Glacier Meltwater on the Northern Margin of the Taklimakan Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunying Zheng ◽  
Zhongqin Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
Ion Concentrations

To analyze the impacts of dust storms on the atmospheric and meltwater environment, intensive and simultaneous sampling for aerosols and meltwater on the terminal moraine (41°73′ N, 79°88′ E, 3,789 m a.s.l.) of Qingbingtan Glacier No. 72 (Glacier No. 72) on the northern margin of the Taklamakan Desert were conducted during the summer of 2008. Aerosol and meltwater chemistry (including the species of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−) was analyzed by ion chromatography. The results indicated that the major anions and cations in the samples were SO42− and Ca2+, respectively. In the dust event, the average value of aerosol ions was 566.91 neq·m−3, which was nearly five times that under nondust conditions (115.58 neq·m−3). In addition, in the meltwater samples, the sum of ion concentrations ranged from 31.26 to 180.98 mg·L−1, with an average of 76.40 mg·L−1. When a dust storm occurred, the ion concentrations in these two media increased significantly and simultaneously, but with different trends due to the different influencing factors. That is, the atmospheric environment was significantly affected by the dust storm. According to the correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the water-soluble ions, such as SO42−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, originated from natural sources, while NH4+ and NO3− originated from anthropogenic sources. The results of the air mass trajectory suggested that the regional dust storms caused by the air masses originating from Eastern Europe and Siberia had a significant influence on the glacial environment.

Development of Dust Storm Modeling for Use in Freeway Safety and Operations Management: An Arizona Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohebbi ◽  
Gabriel T. Green ◽  
Simin Akbariyeh ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Brendan J. Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Dust Loading ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Chemistry Module

Extreme weather conditions such as strong winds, hail, heavy rainfall, heavy snowfall, and high air temperature impact roads, traffic, and operational decisions. Strong winds in arid regions may pick up fine dust particles and create massive blowing plumes dramatically reducing the visibility. This reduced visibility severely impairs driving ability causing catastrophic crashes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impacts of dust storms on freeway safety and operations. Interstates 8, 10, 15, 17, 19, and 40 running through Arizona were studied in relation to dust loading and crash risks. To achieve this, nine severe Arizona dust storms (2009–2016) were modeled using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a chemistry module (WRF-Chem). WRF is a mesoscale numerical weather prediction system with a software architecture allowing for parallel computation. When coupled with a chemistry module (WRF-Chem), it could be used to model the fate and transport of the particulate matter. Dust hot spots were calculated based on Getis-Ord Gi* statistical method and were correlated to dust storm caused crashes. It was shown that a positive Gi* accompanied by dust loading of at least 50 kgm–2 will result in a crash with a 90% confidence level. The outcome of this research could be used by local and federal transportation agencies to communicate warnings to drivers for improved safety.

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