Assessment of various carbon-based adsorbents for separation of BTX from aqueous solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Faiz Haddad ◽  
Azhagapillai Prabhu ◽  
Ahmed Al Shoaibi ◽  
Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Kinetics Of

The adsorption of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) was investigated covering different types of commercially available activated carbons with varied surface area and surface functional groups. The physico-chemical properties were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the Boehm titration method. Experiments to assess the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were performed and the results are presented. An increase in the surface acid functional groups was found to decrease the adsorption capacity, with the highest adsorption capacity corresponding to carbon with lowest acid functionality.

The influential factors towards graphene oxides removal by activated carbons: Activated functional groups vs BET surface area

2018 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Sun ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Shengxia Duan ◽  
Ahmed Alsaedi ◽  
Fengsong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Graphene Oxides

scholarly journals Dysprosium Removal from Water Using Active Carbons Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alcaraz ◽  
María Esther Escudero ◽  
Francisco J. Alguacil ◽  
Irene Llorente ◽  
Ana Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Microporous Material ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground

This paper describes the physico-chemical study of the adsorption of dysprosium (Dy3+) in aqueous solution onto two types of activated carbons synthesized from spent coffee ground. KOH activated carbon is a microporous material with a specific BET surface area of 2330 m2·g-1 and pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm. Carbon activated with water vapor and N2 is a solid mesoporous, with pores of 5.7 nm in diameter and a specific surface of 982 m2·g-1. A significant dependence of the adsorption capacity on the solution pH was found, while it does not depend significantly neither on the dysprosium concentration nor on the temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 31.26 mg·g-1 and 33.52 mg·g-1 for the chemically and physically activated carbons, respectively, were found. In both cases, the results obtained from adsorption isotherms and kinetic study were better fit to a Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results indicate that dysprosium adsorption onto both activated carbons is an exothermic, spontaneous and favorable process.

Adsorption of CO2 onto Activated Carbons Prepared by Chemical Activation with Metallic Salts

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Acevedo ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metallic Salts ◽  
Adsorption Of Co2 ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Activated carbons are obtained by chemical activation of African Palm shells (Elaeis guineensis) with different impregnating agents, i. e. magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) aqueous solutions at different concentrations (3, 5 and 7 % w/v) and temperatures (between 773 and 1073 K), in order to assess their influence on the development of the porosity. The activated carbons prepared are characterized in terms of both textural and chemical properties. The activated carbons have a surface area and a pore volume ranging between 19 and 501 m2.g−1 and 0.03–0.29 cm3.g−1, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the samples with higher surface area and pore volume (i. e. those impregnated with MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions and thermally treated at 1073 K) are selected to evaluate the adsorption capacity and affinity for CO2. CO2 adsorption capacity varies between 1.78 and 2.95 mmolCO2.g−1 at 273 K and low pressure, and the activated carbon impregnated with the solution of MgCl2 3% and activated at 1073 K (i. e. ACMg3-1073) showed the best performances. Finally, the kinetic results show that adsorption rate for sample ACMg3-1073 is enhanced by its micro-mesoporous nature, being the access routes to the micropores larger.

scholarly journals Surface Modification and Characterization of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon Subjected to Acidic and Alkaline Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan I. A. W. ◽  
Abdullah M. O. ◽  
Lim L. L. P. ◽  
Yeo T. H. C.
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Textural Characterization

Activated carbon derived from agricultural biomass has been increasingly recognized as a multifunctional material for various applications according to its physicochemical characteristics. The application of activated carbon in adsorption process mainly depends on the surface chemistry and pore structure which is greatly influenced by the treatment method. This study aims to compare the textural characteristics, surface chemistry and surface morphology of coconut shell-based activated carbon modified using chemical surface treatments with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The untreated and treated activated carbons were characterized for their physical and chemical properties including the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and textural characterization. The FTIR spectra displayed bands confirming the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the untreated activated carbon was 436 m2/g whereas the surface area of the activated carbon modified using 1M NaOH, 1M HCl and 2M HCl was 346, 525 and 372 m2/g, respectively. SEM micrographs showed that many large pores in a honeycomb shape were clearly found on the surface of 1M HCl sample. The pore structure of the activated carbon treated with 2M HCl and NaOH was partially destroyed or enlarged, which decreased the BET surface area. The modification of the coconut shell-based activated carbon with acidic and alkaline treatments has successfully altered the surface functional groups, surface morphology and textural properties of the activated carbon which could improve its adsorptive selectivity on a certain adsorbate.

Adsorption Behaviors of Chlortetracycline on Granular Activated Carbons

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1701-1704
Author(s):  
Man Cheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Cong Jian Huang ◽  
Ai Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Pore Width ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors

The adsorption behaviors of chlortetracycline on two kinds of granular activated carbons with different BET surface area and average pore width have been studied. The results show that larger BET surface area is beneficial for the adsorption capacity, and wider pore structure can enhance the adsorption rate. Initial solution pH has great effect on the adsorption behavior, and the suitable pH for the effective adsorption is from 4 to 8.

scholarly journals Effective cesium removal from Cs-containing water using chemically activated opaline mudstone mainly composed of opal-cristobalite/tridymite (opal-CT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunki Kwon ◽  
Yumi Kim ◽  
Yul Roh
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acid And Base

AbstractOpaline mudstone (OM) composed of opal-CT (SiO2·nH2O) has high potential use as a cesium (Cs) adsorbent, due to its high specific surface area (SSA). The objective of this study was to investigate the Cs adsorption capacity of chemically activated OM and the adsorption mechanism based on its physico-chemical properties. We used acid- and base-activation methods for the surface modification of OM. Both acid- and base- activations highly increased the specific surface area (SSA) of OM, however, the base-activation decreased the zeta potential value more (− 16.67 mV), compared to the effects of acid-activation (− 6.60 mV) or non-activation method (− 6.66 mV). Base-activated OM showed higher Cs adsorption capacity (32.14 mg/g) than the others (acid: 12.22 mg/g, non: 15.47 mg/g). These results indicate that base-activation generates pH-dependent negative charge, which facilitates Cs adsorption via electrostatic attraction. In terms of the dynamic atomic behavior, Cs cation adsorbed on the OM mainly exist in the form of inner-sphere complexes (IS) containing minor amounts of water molecules. Consequently, the OM can be used as an effective Cs adsorbent via base-activation as an economical and simple modification method.

scholarly journals Effect of textural and chemical characteristics of activated carbons on phenol adsorption in aqueous solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana P. Vargas ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Phenol Adsorption

Abstract The effect of textural and chemical properties such as: surface area, pore volume and chemical groups content of the granular activated carbon and monoliths on phenol adsorption in aqueous solutions was studied. Granular activated carbon and monolith samples were produced by chemical activation. They were characterized by using N2 adsorption at 77 K, CO2 adsorption at 273 K, Boehm Titrations and immersion calorimetry in phenol solutions. Microporous materials with different pore size distribution, surface area between 516 and 1685 m2 g−1 and pore volumes between 0.24 and 0.58 cm3 g−1 were obtained. Phenol adsorption capacity of the activated carbon materials increased with increasing BET surface area and pore volume, and is favored by their surface functional groups that act as electron donors. Phenol adsorption capacities are in ranged between 73.5 and 389.4 mg · g−1.

Adsorption of CO2 onto Activated Carbons Prepared by Chemical Activation with Metallic Salts

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Acevedo ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan C. Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metallic Salts ◽  
Adsorption Of Co2 ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract This article has been retracted due to honest error by the author. For further information, please see https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2017-9198. Activated carbons are obtained by chemical activation of African Palm shells (Elaeis guineensis) with different impregnating agents, i. e. magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) aqueous solutions at different concentrations (3, 5 and 7 % w/v) and temperatures (between 773 and 1073 K), in order to assess their influence on the development of the porosity. The activated carbons prepared are characterized in terms of both textural and chemical properties. The activated carbons have a surface area and a pore volume ranging between 19–501 m2.g−1 and 0.03–0.29 cm3.g−1, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the samples with higher surface area and pore volume (i. e. those impregnated with MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions and thermally treated at 1073 K) are selected to evaluate the adsorption capacity and affinity for CO2. CO2 adsorption capacity varies between 1.78 and 2.95 mmolCO2.g−1 at 273 K and low pressure, and the activated carbon impregnated with the solution of MgCl2 3 % and activated at 1073 K (i. e. ACMg3-1073) showed the best performances. Finally, the kinetic results show that adsorption rate for sample ACMg3-1073 is enhanced by its micro-mesoporous nature, being the access routes to the micropores larger.

The Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on the Surface Area, Morphology and Physico-Chemical Properties of Sayong Kaolinite Clay

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Edama ◽  
Alawi Sulaiman ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Miradatul Najwa Mohd Rodhi ◽  
Musa Mohibah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physisorbed Water ◽  
Coordinated Water

The effects of hydrochloric acid (HCL) modification of the surface area, morphology and physico-chemical properties of Sayong kaolinite clay was investigated in this study. Sayong kaolinite clay was refluxed with different concentration of HCL (1M, 5M and 10M) at 100 °C for 4 hours and followed by calcination at 500 °C at 1 hour. The samples of untreated and treated clay were characterized by different analytical equipment such as BET Surface Area Analyzer, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The acid treatment increased the surface area of the Sayong kaolinite clay almost three times from 24.46 m2/g to the maximum value which is 64.04 m2/g once treated with 5M HCL. The increasing of the surface area is due to the formation of amorphous silica phase and removal of the octahedral Al3+cations and other impurities (such as Mg2+, K+, Ca+etc.) when the acid strength is increasing as reported in XRF analysis. FTIR study shows the change of the peak intensity of several types of structural OH groups that presently in the untreated and acid treated samples. TGA-DTA profiles shows that acid treatment increased the amount of physisorbed water as the acid concentration is increased. There are three of endothermic peaks was observed in the untreated sample which centered at 49 °C, 275 °C and 520 °C. However, when the clay samples treated with acid, it has increased the physisorbed water and decreased the structural and coordinated water which caused the change in the endothermic curves in the treated sample.

The effect of origin and physico-chemical properties on the kinetics of reduction of mixed NiO-Fe2O3 oxides with hydrogen

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2098-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Pospíšil ◽  
Jan Topinka
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Annealing ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Reduction

We investigated the effect of origin and some physico-chemical parameters on the kinetics of reduction with hydrogen of two series of mixed NiO-Fe2O3 oxides differing by their composition, the character of their precursors (mixed crystalline nitrates and coprecipitated hydroxides) and their decomposition temperature.This effect manifested itself by different magnitudes of specific surfaces of the mixed oxides and coherent regions of present phases as well as by different oxidizing abilities of the surface and differences in morphology and phase composition of corresponding samples in both series investigated. Nonlinear or nonmonotonous composition dependences of physico-chemical parameters investigated point to a mutual influence of individual components, which is also a function of the system origin and which modifies its reactivity during its reduction with hydrogen. The kinetics of the reduction was studied thermogravimetrically at 320-410 °C. The reduction of oxides of the hydroxide origin is catalytically accelerated by primarily reduced nickel, whereas in corresponding samples of the nitrate series, the total NiO is bound to the spinel phase and the reduction is delayed. Experimental IR spectra, the effect of preliminary annealing and DTA of the mixed oxides point to an inhibitory effect of water, which is constitutionally bound in trace admixtures of the goethite phase, on the kinetics of reduction of samples in the hydroxide series.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document