Effects of different coagulants on flocculation performance and floc properties in northwest China raw water treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Junguo He ◽  
Yixing Yuan ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Floc Properties

The water of northwest China, characterized by low turbidity, low temperature, and micro-pollution, has posed difficult problems for water treatment plants. This study deployed a pilot-scale grid flocculation system to treat melt water from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in northwest China. A range of traditional coagulants were used on the low temperature, low turbidity, and micro-polluted melt water, to investigate the effect of coagulant types on flocculation performance and floc properties. Flocculation performance varied, depending upon the coagulant used. Turbidity and organic matter were removed with the greatest efficiency by polyaluminum chloride (PAC), followed by polyaluminum ferric chloride, followed by aluminum sulfate (alum). At a PAC dosage of 25 mg/L, the settled water's residual turbidity was lower than 1 NTU, meeting the Chinese national water-quality standard. Floc fractal dimensions of the three coagulants initially decreased, and then increased as the flocculation process yielded larger particles. This suggested that low turbidity could significantly affect the floc fractal dimension. Studying floc size distribution indicated that floc size in the grid flocculation tank was relatively uniform; the floc size distribution of PAC was the narrowest. The results could be used to inform operations of the Xining water treatment plant.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Klang River Water Treatment Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
HA Mohiyaden ◽  
LM Sidek ◽  
G Hayder ◽  
MN Noh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Unit Process

The quality of Klang river water is deteriorating dramatically since it is in urban places every day and become one of the major problems.  Therefore, the Malaysian government had initiated one river cleaning project named River of Life (ROL) project. This project is for rehabilitating and restoring the Klang river. A series of river water treatment plant (RWTP)s have been operated in Klang river catchment since 2014. Six RWTPs station has been monitored up to eight stations until presents. Eight parameters consisting of physio-chemical types and biological types have been recorded. RWTP effluent discharges are targeted to achieve Malaysia Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS) under Class II B. Since previous RWTP performance only emphasized on local river pollutants and certain conditions, this paper will investigate the effectiveness of full-scale RWTP unit process for river condition. Water quality assessment are involved which are consist of effluent water quality monitoring and pollutant removal efficiency. Most of the major pollutants able to be reduced by more than 50% reduction. Although BOD and AN still not able to achieve standard range gazetted by INWQS Class IIB, there is an improvement of river water quality at Klang River by using IFAS technology adopted in the RWTP system.

scholarly journals Kosentrasi BOD, Minyak dan Lemak di Permukiman Desa Bakau Besar Laut Kec. Sungai Pinyuh Kab. Mempawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Isna Apriani ◽  
Zairin Zain ◽  
Ria Risti Astanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Processing Plants

Abstract: The settlements in RW 3 and RW 4 of Bakau Besar Laut village, Sungai Pinyuh district, covers an area adjacent to two small industries, namely a shrimp farm and copra processing with no WWTP facility, generating domestic wastes that potentially pollute local settlements and farms. This research has the purpose of identifying the BOD, Grease and Fat contents in the settlement by testing the drainage water quality in the local settlements and farms. Grab Sampling method was used to sample the water, whereas Mann Whitney method served in statistical test. Result of analysis shows that BOD concentration in each drainage has surpassed the quality standard specified in Government Regulation (PP) no. 82 of 2001, but the Oil and Fat concentration did not surpass the same regulation. Based on the results of Mann whitney statistica test, it was found that the BOD, Grease and Fat content has a radius of 700 m > 1700 m (agricultural drainage) with sig value of 0.677 > 0.05; 500 m > 1500 m (inhabitants’ drainage) with sig value of 0.936 > 0.05. Recommendations include clean water treatment (PAM/drinking water company) with intake from Bakau Besar Laut river and garbage sorting based on their characteristics (e.g. organic, anorganic and toxic and hazardous), establishing WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant) for shrimp farms and copra processing industries as well as establishing animal waste-based Biogas processing plants as sources for fuel and compost fertilizers that can be reutilized by the people.Abstrak: Permukiman di RW 3 dan RW 4 Desa Bakau Besar Laut,Kec. Sungai Pinyuh, merupakan kawasan yang berdekatan dengan dua industri kecil yaitu tambak udang dan pengolahan kopra yang tidak memiliki [IPAL] dengan limbah domestik yang berpotensi mencemari permukiman dan pertanian di kawasan tersebut.Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar BOD, Minyak dan Lemak di permukiman dengan menguji kualitas air drainase warga dan pertanian. Metode Grab Sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel air dan metode Mann Whitney sebagai pengujian statistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Konsentrasi BOD pada masing – masing drainase telah melewati standar baku mutu PP 82 tahun 2001 sedangkan konsentrasi Minyak dan Lemak tidak melewati standar baku mutu PP 82 tahun 2001. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Mann whitney didapatkan kadar BOD, Minyak dan Lemak diantaranya radius 700 m > 1700 m (drainase pertanian) dengan nilai sig 0,677 > 0,05; 500 m > 1500 m (drainase warga) dengan nilai sig 0,936 > 0,05. Rekomendasi berupa pengolahan air bersih (PAM) dengan intake yang berasal dari sungai Bakau Besar Laut, melakukan pemisahan sampah sesuai dengan karakteristik limbahnya yaitu organik, anorganik dan B3, mendirikan IPAL (Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah) untuk industri tambak udang dan pengolahan kopra serta mendirikan pengolahan Biogas berbahan baku limbah ternak sebagai sumber bahan bakar dan pupuk kompos organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali oleh masyarakat.

scholarly journals Ion-exchange for trihalomethane control in potable water treatment – a municipal water treatment case study in Rainy River, Ontario, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Brezinski ◽  
Beata Gorczyca ◽  
Mehrnaz Sadrnourmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability for ion-exchange (IX) to control trihalomethane (THM) formation, and to act as a potential treatment addition (upgrade) to a conventional treatment plant in Rainy River Ontario, Canada. The primary goal was to investigate the total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) removal as a function of resin dose; and note the relative improvements over current conventional plant operation. IX resin (DOWEX TAN-1, Purolite 502P and 860, and Amberlite PWA9) removed 68–72% of TOC and 30–40% THMFP from the conventionally filtered water. Fixed-bed fluidized bed contactor was used to investigate the TOC/THMFP breakthrough for the DOWEX TAN-1 resin. Complete resin breakthrough occurred followed by 1,275 and 1,075 bed volumes for TOC and THMFP, respectively. Breakthrough output following 1,000 treated bed volumes was noted as the point at which THMFP levels reach the 0.1 mg L–1 water quality standard threshold required by Canadian regulators. High exchange capacities were recorded for the TAN-1 (3.02 mg mL–1) and PWA9 (2.03 mg mL–1) resins – both of which contain styrene backbones. The results produced in the bench-scale experiments were used very successfully in a full-scale upgrade of the Rainy River water treatment plant.

scholarly journals Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Raw and After Sand Filtration Water at Lubok Buntar Water Treatment Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nur Hafizah Zakaria ◽  
Husnul Azan Tajarudin ◽  
Mohd Sharizal Mohd Sapingi ◽  
Mohamad Fared Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Sand Filtration

This study focused on the identification of pathogenic bacteria in raw water intake and after sand filtration for drinking water treatment plant during flood event in 2014. The samples was collected from the Lubok Buntar Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and processed through bacterial isolation using chocolate agar as a media. The isolation process conducted based on serial samples dilution and streaking method prior to DNA extraction. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction kit was used to get selected bacteria DNA and further analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test and electrophoresis to get DNA sequences. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis was employed to identify the species of the isolated bacteria. As a result, Pantoeaagglomerans and Enterobacter sp. were found in raw and filtered water sample and indicating the same family types. It was concluded that bacteria of the same species were found before and after sand filtration and need to be removed by disinfectant process. The findings also indicated that all the physicochemical parameters measured were within the values prescribed by the Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS).

Power generation and heat recovery Case study: a synergy project between a waste water treatment plant and a green waste composting platform

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jeuch-Trommsdorff ◽  
A. Benz ◽  
R. Moser ◽  
A. Ulli
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Excess Heat

A common valorization of digester gas and composting gas increases the efficiency of the co-generator installation by 10% to 15%. In this case study, a green waste fermentation and composting platform and its neighboring waste water treatment plant (WWTP) opted for a common co-generator: about 600,000 m3 of digester gas and 1,900,000 m3/year of fermentation gas (biogas) transformed into electricity and heat. The energy content of this combined gas source is about 13,800 MW/a, out of which about 38% is transformed into electricity, about 42% is converted into heat, and 20% is lost. The electrical energy produced (600 kW) is sold to the Swiss electrical grid (Swissgrid Program) as Ökostrom, or “green power,” at a higher price than that of normal power. The heat produced (660 kWh) is used to heat the composter (60 kWh), the digester (125 kWh), and the buildings (25 kW). The excess heat (450 kWh) could also be used for a future low-temperature biosolids drying project, whose life-cycle costs would be counterbalanced by the reduction in disposal costs. This project allows for an optimal use of the energy content of biogas and digester gas. Once drying is implemented, the environmental impact will be even more beneficial with a reduction in transport and the facilitation of phosphorous recovery from dried biosolids. In this case study, the large amount of biogas produced would enable the implementation of low-temperature biosolids drying using the excess heat of the co-gen facilities. The ratio of the biogas to the digester gas production has to be at least 2.5 to 3.0 in order to produce sufficient excess heat for a low-temperature dryer. Low-temperature drying is the most ecological and sensible way of using locally produced waste-heat all year long.

Effect of Raw Water Characteristics on Sludge Reuse Process for Synthetic Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Zhou ◽  
Yan Ling Yang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Zhao Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration ◽  
Optimal Ph

Recycling ratio of mixed sludge and properties of raw water (such as pH, turbidity and organic matter concentration) were systematically investigated to optimize coagulation efficiency in current study. It was found that the appropriate recycling ratio of mixed sludge was 6%, effective initial turbidity were below 45.0 NTU, and optimal pH for dissolved organic matter and turbidity removal was 6.5-7.0 and 8.0, respectively. Residual dissolved alum (RDA) in treated water met the drinking water quality standard (<0.2 mg/L). Coagulation efficiency and RDA was not negatively influenced by organic matter concentration of 1.104-3.354mgDOC/L. Under above condition, sludge reuse process could be significant for the low temperature and low turbidity water treatment.

Predator grazing effect on bacterial size distribution and floc size variation in membrane-separation activated sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Luxmy ◽  
F. Nakajima ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Grazing Effect

In this study the role of higher organisms and the effect of their predation on bacterial size distribution as well as on floc size variation were investigated in the membrane-separation activated sludge system. The pilot plant study was conducted by setting a membrane-separation bioreactor (MBR) in a wastewater treatment plant in Tokyo, Japan. A large number of predator organisms were observed in the MBR dominated by ciliated protozoa. The dispersed bacterial size distribution was obtained by using the combination of florescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and image analysis technique. With the increase of predator species especially sessile ciliates and free-swimming ciliates, reduction of smaller bacterial population (1 μm or so) was significant. It was found that, bacteria and predators are negatively correlated i.e. with increasing number of predator organisms the number of dispersed bacteria decreased. This effect of predation was confirmed while observing the floc size distribution with an automatic particle distribution measuring instrument simultaneously. It was observed that when the higher predator organisms (protozoa and metazoa) were high in number, the percentage of floc groups less than 10 μm (optimum prey size for most of the ciliate species) were less and vice versa. From this study it can be concluded that, mainly the smaller flocs which mostly consist of small (&lt;1 μm) dispersed bacterial species, were grazed heavily by the predator population in the membrane-separation activated sludge.

Relationship between flocculation of activated sludge and composition of extracellular polymeric substances

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-M. Wilén ◽  
B. Jin ◽  
P. Lant
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Flocculation Ability ◽  
Floc Properties

Activated sludge flocs are a flocculated mass of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adsorbed organic and inorganic material. The structure of the flocs is very heterogeneous and flocs with very different properties and morphologies may occur, depending on the conditions in the activated sludge treatment plant and wastewater composition. Present thinking suggests that cations, such as calcium, create cationic bridges with EPS excreted by the bacteria and thereby hold the various floc constituents together. However, due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of activated sludge, the mechanisms have neither been thoroughly investigated nor successfully quantified. A better understanding and description of the biological flocculation process is necessary in order to establish more efficient operational strategies. The main aim of this study was to get a comprehensive and unique insight into the floc properties of activated sludge and to assess the relative impact of chemical and physical parameters. A variety of sludges from full scale treatment plants with different settling properties were characterised. The interrelationships between floc parameters such as composition of EPS, surface properties and floc structure, and their effect on the flocculation and separation properties were assessed. The results indicate that the EPS, both in terms of quantity and quality, are very important for the floc properties of the activated sludge. However, presence of filaments may alter the physical properties of the flocs considerably. The EPS showed positive correlations to sludge volume index (SVI) if only sludges with low or moderate numbers of filaments were included. The surface properties were more affected by the composition of the EPS than by the number of filaments. The EPS showed positive correlation to negative surface charge and a negative correlation to relative hydrophobicity and flocculation ability. The negative correlation between flocculation ability and amount of EPS was surprising. The shear sensitivity, measured as degree of erosion of flocs when subjected to shear, was more affected by floc size and number of filaments than amount of EPS.

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