Energy recovery potential using micro hydropower in water supply networks in the UK and Ireland

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Corcoran ◽  
Paul Coughlan ◽  
Aonghus McNabola
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
The Uk

The supply and treatment of water is a highly energy intensive process, resulting in large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions as well as incurring large economic costs. Both governments and water service providers worldwide recognise the need for more sustainable water supply systems. In recent years, the use of hydropower turbines within water supply networks has been shown as a viable option for electricity generation. Energy can be recovered in water supply networks at locations of excessively high flow or pressure without loss in the level of service to consumers. The control of pressure to prevent burst pipes and to maintain a reliable water supply service is a top priority for water service providers. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the potential of hydropower energy recovery within water distribution systems in the UK and Ireland. Pressure and flow data were analysed to determine the extent of the potential for energy recovery. The effect of flow rate variation on turbine selection and efficiency was investigated, as well as investment payback period. It was concluded that the sustainability of water supply can be improved through the implementation of small-scale hydropower turbines within water supply networks.

scholarly journals Analysis of Water Losses and Assessment of Initiatives Aimed at Their Reduction in Selected Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ociepa ◽  
Maciej Mrowiec ◽  
Iwona Deska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Loss Index ◽  
Water Meters

This paper presents the analysis and assessment of water losses in water distribution systems of three water supply companies operating water supply networks in the area of effect of underground mining. The analysis of water losses was conducted based on numerous indices allowing for obtaining objective information on the condition of the water supply system. The method of the analysis of percentage water loss index was extended by the methods of determination of losses according to the International Water Association. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that with regular actions, the companies have reduced water losses in recent years to a level considered to be good compared to national data and average compared to international standards. The value of the failure intensity index for all companies in 2011 was over 1.0 while currently it is about 0.5. The decrease in Non-Revenue Water basic loss index (NRWB) from more than 20% for all analysed companies in 2008 to a few percent in 2017 and the decrease in Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for companies A and C to less than 2.0 are evidence of the good condition of the network. This is also confirmed by the unit water loss index per capita, with its value in 2017 being 9.1 dm3/(inhabitant day) for company A, 11 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for B and 7.4 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for C. The several years of analysis and evaluation of numerous indices of water loss presented in the paper reveals the effectiveness of the adopted strategies of reducing leakages in the distribution system. It should be emphasized that the analysed companies have been involved in comprehensive initiatives aimed at reducing water leakages, resulting in a substantial reduction in water losses. GIS monitoring systems and databases are particularly helpful in reducing water losses. The basis of the activities is monitoring of flow and pressure in water supply networks and active leakage control. Network zoning with simultaneous observation of minimum night-time flows allows for preliminary location of the failure. Equipping companies with special leakage detection devices such as geophones, stethophones or correlators enables quick detection of leakages. The next step is to replace water meters with more and more accurate ones and to implement radio reading of water meters. All analysed companies perform systematic replacement of old steel and cast iron pipes which cause a large number of leakages that are often difficult to identify, thus leading to water losses.

scholarly journals The information and computing complex “ANGARA-VS” for end-to-end modeling of water supply systems when developing development schemes, scheduling modes, and dispatching management

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Alexeev ◽  
Nikolay Novitsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
End To End ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Operational Modes

The paper presents a brief description of the problems of making technological decisions to manage the development and functioning of water supply networks in conditions of territorial, structural, and temporal disconnection of the decision-making processes at WKX enterprises. An approach to overcome such problems is proposed, based on the application of end-to-end modeling technologies and a single information space of the enterprise based on the application of the ANGARA-VS information and computing complex. Its brief characteristics and functions are given. The experience of automation of development of operational modes and dispatching management and development of perspective schemes of water supply in Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal", Irkutsk.

Optimization of City Water Supply Networks on Their Structural and Functional Analysis Base

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Alexander Tkachuk ◽  
Lyudmila Pilipaka ◽  
Anna Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
City Water

Based on the research results on the operation of urban water supply and distribution systems, the most rational ways of their improvement are identified in order to improve water supply and energy saving. 

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Masmoudi ◽  
Ahmed Kettab ◽  
Bernard Brémond
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Supply Systems

Demand for drinking domestic water is continuously increasing specially in urban centres which experience high demographic expansion. The decrease of water losses in water supply networks can help preserve such a rare resource. Low number of water meters and intermittent supply make it difficult to quantify the leaking volumes of water. This article presents an analysis of the consumption for drinking water based on an extrapolation from a sample of consumers on whom data are available. Comparison of the volumes of water produced allows a determination of the losses in the water supply system. This analysis is completed by measurements of night flows. The results obtained may be relied on for an evaluation of the needs for drinking water in the South of Algeria, and for future regional development. The study indicates a high rate of water losses in the distribution network, reaching about 40%, and over-consumption due to an insufficient number of water meters and discontinuous supply. It is recommended that water meters come into general use and defective parts of the network are rehabilitated. We will try then to make the necessary recommendations in order to better functioning of the water supply systems in Algeria.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Pressure Monitoring System Based on IoT for Water Supply Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pérez-Padillo ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
José Ramirez-Faz ◽  
Manuel Torres Roldán ◽  
Pilar Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Water Supply Networks

Increasing the efficiency of water supply networks is essential in arid and semi-arid regions to ensure the supply of drinking water to the inhabitants. The cost of renovating these systems is high. However, customized management models can facilitate the maintenance and rehabilitation of hydraulic infrastructures by optimizing the use of resources. The implementation of current Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems allows decisions to be based on objective data. In water supply systems, IoT helps to monitor the key elements to improve system efficiency. To implement IoT in a water distribution system requires sensors that are suitable for measuring the main hydraulic variables, a communication system that is adaptable to the water service companies and a friendly system for data analysis and visualization. A smart pressure monitoring and alert system was developed using low-cost hardware and open-source software. An Arduino family microcontroller transfers pressure gauge signals using Sigfox communication, a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). The IoT ThingSpeak platform is used for data analysis and visualization. Additionally, the system can send alarms via SMS/email in real time using the If This, Then That (IFTTT) web service when anomalous pressure data are detected. The pressure monitoring system was successfully implemented in a real water distribution network in Spain. It was able to detect both breakdowns and leaks in real time.

Optimal design of water supply networks using an energy recovery approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Meirelles Lima ◽  
Bruno Melo Brentan ◽  
Edevar Luvizotto
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Recovery Approach

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER CONSUMPTION AND LOSS. THE CASE OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LOW LEVEL COUNTING (BISKRA - ALGERIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Rachid Masmoudi ◽  
Ahmed Kettab ◽  
Bernard Brémond
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Supply Systems

Demand for drinking domestic water is continuously increasing specially in urban centres which experience high demographic expansion. The decrease of water losses in water supply networks can help preserve such a rare resource. Low number of water meters and intermittent supply make it difficult to quantify the leaking volumes of water. This article presents an analysis of the consumption for drinking water based on an extrapolation from a sample of consumers on whom data are available. Comparison of the volumes of water produced allows a determination of the losses in the water supply system. This analysis is completed by measurements of night flows. The results obtained may be relied on for an evaluation of the needs for drinking water in the South of Algeria, and for future regional development. The study indicates a high rate of water losses in the distribution network, reaching about 40%, and over-consumption due to an insufficient number of water meters and discontinuous supply. It is recommended that water meters come into general use and defective parts of the network are rehabilitated. We will try then to make the necessary recommendations in order to better functioning of the water supply systems in Algeria.

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