Investigation into the occurrence of aquatic invertebrates throughout drinking water purification plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ferreira ◽  
H. H. Du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

World-wide, invertebrates are found in most drinking water networks; however, limited data and information are available on the occurrence of invertebrates throughout the purification process. During this investigation, temporal and spatial variations in the invertebrate composition occurring throughout a conventional Drinking Water Purification Plant (DWPP) and the abiotic drivers responsible for their occurrence were investigated. Samples destined for invertebrate and water quality analyses were collected and multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. Copepoda, Rotatoria, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Diptera were the dominant groups found in the source water and occurred throughout the purification process. A higher total biomass occurred throughout the purification process, in particular after sedimentation and filtration, compared with the total biomass entering the DWPP. The water quality variables measured were within the optimum ranges of invertebrates. The present study proved the theory that purification plants are an important source of invertebrates occurring in the drinking water distribution network. Strategies should be implemented to improve coagulation (by using coagulants/flocculants to increase the pH above 10.5), flocculation, sedimentation (by removing sludge and algae) and filtration (by optimizing filter bed maintenance) and general filter house ‘housekeeping’.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR UNTUK KONSENTRASI FLUORIDE PADA SISTEM JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM DENGAN FLUORIDASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Susanto ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Agus Hadiyarto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract:. The requirement of consumed drinking water so that it does not create disturbance to public health is that it needs a quality monitoring. Water fluoridation in Tembagapura City aims to reach its concentration level toward certain safe level, and it can provide maximum benefits for dental health. Analysis and simulation methods using EPAnet software. The results of hydrolic simulation and water quality for fluoride concentration of each node and link in the drinking water distribution network system have changed in every time change following the drinking water distribution segment. From hydraulic simulations, especially for head and flow at separate points, it consists of simultaneous solution in flow equivalence for every junction and headloss relationship in every link of network as a result of hydraulic balancing. New segment will be made at the end of each link that receives inflow from a node if the quality of the new node is different from the link in the last segment. Every pipe in network contains singular segment where the water quality is in line with the preliminary quality stated in the preliminary node. With the availability of hydraulic model and water quality for fluoride concentration, a further research can be conducted for chlorine decay, growth of by product i.e. Trihalomethans (THMs) as well as water age simultaneously in drinking water supply systems in Tembagapura City.  Keyword: EPAnet, distribution network, fluoride concentration. Abstrak: Persyaratan kualitas air minum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat agar tidak menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, maka penyelenggara air minum perlu melakukan pemantauan kualitasnya. Fluoridasi air di Kota Tembagapura ditujukan untuk mencapai tingkat konsentrasi fluoride pada level tertentu yang aman dan dapat memberikan manfaat maksimal bagi kesehatan gigi. Metode analisis dan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak EPAnet. Hasil simulasi hidrolis dan kualitas air untuk konsentrasi fluoride pada setiap node dan link pada sistem jaringan distribusi air minum berubah pada setiap perubahan waktu mengikuti segmen distribusi air minum tersebut. Dari simulasi hidrolis, khusus untuk head dan aliran pada titik yang terpisah meliputi penyelesaian secara simultan dalam persamaan aliran untuk tiap sambungan (junction), dan hubungan headloss pada setiap link pada jaringan sebagai akibat dari hydrolic balancing. Segmen baru terbentuk pada akhir dari setiap link yang menerima inflow dari sebuah node, jika kualitas node baru berbeda dari link pada segmen terakhir. Setiap pipa dalam jaringan mengandung segmen tunggal, di mana kualitas air sebanding dengan kualitas awal yang ditetapkan di node awal. Dengan tersedianya model hidrolis dan kualitas air untuk konsentrasi fluoride, maka dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk peluruhan klorin, pertumbuhan by product yaitu trihalomethans (THMs) serta usia air secara simultan pada sistem penyediaan air minum di Kota Tembagapura.Kata Kunci: EPAnet, jaringan distribusi, konsentrasi fluoride.

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR FLUORIDE CONCENTRATION IN FLUORIDATED DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VIA HYDRAULIC SIMULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Rosiah Rohani ◽  
Siti Aishah Basiron ◽  
Nurul Suraya Rosli ◽  
Izzati Izni Yusoff ◽  
Nadiah Khairul Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Drinking water quality monitoring is compulsory in order to ensure that it does not pose any harm to the public health. Water fluoridation is aimed to provide sufficient amount of fluoride in the drinking water for the consumer dental health benefit. In this study, EPANET software was used to model the water distribution network from a specific water treatment plant and later to simulate the hydraulic and water quality analysis for the system. From the simulation and modeling of the water distribution network, the hydraulic simulation and water quality behavior for fluoride concentration of each nodes and links in the drinking water distribution network were found to change over time following the drinking water distribution segment. From the hydraulic simulation, especially for head and flow at a particular point in time, it consists of simultaneous solution of flow equivalence for every junction and headloss relationship in every link of network as a result of hydraulic balancing. In the water distribution network, every pipe in a network made up a single segment, where the water quality was proportional to its initial quality set at the starting node. In conclusion, the hydraulic status of the physical and non-physical components of the water distribution network found to have a significant impact on the fluoride content of drinking water.

scholarly journals Bounds on water quality sensor network performance from design choices and practical considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van Thienen ◽  
B. de Graaf ◽  
J. Hoogterp ◽  
J. van Summeren ◽  
A. Vogelaar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Abstract Traditional approaches to optimal water quality sensor placement in drinking water distribution networks can be limiting, because they are oriented towards obtaining information and mitigating effects. Approaches optimizing the utility's response to contamination merit wider study and application. The performance of these different approaches is studied and discussed in this paper. It is also shown that practical considerations can impose significant limitations on the performance that can be achieved by a water quality sensor network. These aspects should be taken into account when optimizing sensor placement in a real drinking water distribution network.

Evaluation of water quality and stability in the drinking water distribution network: A case study in the Kermanshah city, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Danial Nayeri ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Mousavi ◽  
Parastoo Darvishi ◽  
Arezoo Mahmoudi ◽  
Elham Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

scholarly journals Evaluation of water quality and stability in the drinking water distribution network in the Azogues city, Ecuador

Data in Brief ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando García-Ávila ◽  
Lía Ramos- Fernández ◽  
Damián Pauta ◽  
Diego Quezada
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Assessment of Lisbon drinking water distribution network biofilm colonization and associated hazards

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
J. Menaia ◽  
M. Benoliel ◽  
A. Lopes ◽  
C. Neto ◽  
E. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
And Storage

Concerns arise from the possible occurrence of pathogens in drinking water pipe biofilms and storage tank sediments. In these studies, biofilm samples from pipes and sediments from storage tanks of the Lisbon drinking water distribution system were analyzed. Protein determinations and heterotrophic counts on pipe biofilm samples were used to assess the Lisbon network sessile colonization intensity and distribution. Indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed in pipe biofilm samples, as well as in storage tanks biofilm and sediments, by using cultural methods and PCR, to assess risks. Results have shown that the Lisbon network sessile colonization is relatively weak in intensity. In addition, no meaningful hazards were apparent for both the network biofilm and the storage tanks biofilm and sediments.

Improving water age estimation in a drinking water distribution network by field study and digital modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kristian Rakstang ◽  
Michael B. Waak ◽  
Marius M. Rokstad ◽  
Cynthia Hallé
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

<p>Municipal drinking water distribution networks are complex and dynamic systems often spanning many hundreds of kilometers and serving thousands of consumers. Degradation of water quality within a distribution network can be associated to water age (i.e., time elapsed after treatment). Norwegian distribution networks often consist of an intricate combination of pressure zones, in which the transport path(s) between source and consumer is not easily ascertained. Water age is therefore poorly understood in many Norwegian distribution networks. In this study, simulations obtained from a water network model were used to estimate water age in a Norwegian municipal distribution network. A full-scale tracer study using sodium chloride salt was conducted to assess simulation accuracy. Water conductivity provided empirical estimates of salt arrival time at five monitoring stations. These estimates were consistently higher than simulated peak arrival times. Nevertheless, empirical and simulated water age correlated well, indicating that additional network model calibration will improve accuracy. Subsequently, simulated mean water age also correlated strongly with heterotrophic plate count (HPC) monitoring data from the distribution network (Pearson’s R= 0.78, P= 0.00046), indicating biomass accumulation during distribution—perhaps due to bacterial growth or biofilm interactions—and illustrating the importance of water age for water quality. This study demonstrates that Norwegian network models can be calibrated with simple and cost-effective salt tracer studies to improve water age estimates. Improved water age estimation will increase our understanding of water quality dynamics in distribution networks. This can, through digital tools, be used to monitor and control water age, and its impact on biogrowth in the network.</p>

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