Environmental analysis of chemicals and energy consumption in water treatment plants: case study of Oslo, Norway

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Venkatesh ◽  
Helge Brattebø
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Abiotic Depletion

This paper studies the trend in the consumption of energy and chemicals and the associated environmental impacts, for water treatment plants (WTPs) in Oslo, over the years between 2000 and 2009. The Norwegian Drinking Water Regulations stipulate that supplied water should comply with over 50 quality criteria. Abiding by the regulations and improving the water quality has its costs – economically and environmentally. Quality improvement entails, inter alia, the consumption of more chemicals, both in terms of quantity and variety, and a rise in energy consumption. In order to determine the environmental impacts of the consumption of chemicals and energy, an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out. It was observed that the impacts of chemicals have increased dramatically after 2007, courtesy of a process upgrading at one of the WTPs. Except in the years 2004 and 2007, the impacts attributable to chemicals consumption have exceeded those due to energy consumption. Global warming is the key impact in both cases, though in the case of energy consumption, abiotic depletion and acidification are also significant.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Field Applications of Non-Powered Hydraulic Mixing in Water Treatment Plants

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Tea In Ohm ◽  
Jong Seong Cae ◽  
Meng Yu Zhang ◽  
Jin Chul Joo
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

In this study, non-powered hydraulic mixing with three layers of baffles and holes was evaluated as an alternative to vertical shaft impellers in a rapid mixing process through both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and field applications. From the CFD modeling, the turbulence (i.e., vortex rings) caused by excess kinetic energy between the inlet and second-layer baffle ensures rapid mixing of the coagulants throughout the total water flow and overcomes the damping effect of the components in a mixing basin. Although optimal inlet velocity needs to be investigated for sufficient mixing between coagulants and pollutants in raw water with relatively low energy consumption and maintenance costs, non-powered hydraulic mixing developed in this study was proved to create strong turbulence and can be applied in any water treatment plants that involves coagulation-flocculation processes. Based on the comparison of the water quality between two water treatment plants using identical raw water and coagulant operated from 2014 to 2016, no difference in water quality of treated water indicated that non-powered hydraulic mixing can be replaced with vertical shaft impellers, hence, both energy consumption and maintenance costs can be reduced. Further study is warranted to optimize non-powered hydraulic mixing for the tradeoff between mixing efficiency and energy consumption in the water treatment plants.

scholarly journals Análisis de la capacidad necesaria en los procesos de tratamiento de aguas mediante programación matemática. Un caso de estudio

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
María Colomina ◽  
Modesto Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Sanchis ◽  
Manuel Díaz-Madroñero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mathematical Programming Model ◽  
Stationary Model ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
High Energy Consumption

One of the main problems of the water treatment plants is the high energy consumption they have to face. Therefore, reducing energy consumption is an imperative objective for these facilities. This work proposes a mathematical programming model for the capacity planning and the management of water treatment plants using dilution process that will reduce the energy consumption in the aeration phase. This model presents, as a novelty, the inclusion of the time variable, generating a quasi-stationary model that has been applied to a real case study.

scholarly journals A study on prediction method for ozone dosage and residual ozone concentration in advanced ozone water treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hyung ◽  
K. B. Kim ◽  
M. C. Kim ◽  
I. S. Lee ◽  
J. Y. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Ozone dosage in most water treatment plants is operated by determining the ozone concentration with the experience of the operation. In this case, it is not economical. This study selected the factors affecting residual ozone concentration and attempted to estimate the optimum amount of hydrogen peroxide dosage for the control of the residual ozone concentration by developing a model for the prediction of the residual ozone concentration. The prediction formulas developed in this study can quickly respond to the environment of water quality and surrounding environmental factors, which change in real time, so it is judged that they could be used for the operation of the optimum ozone process, and the control of ozone dosage could be used as a new method in controlling the concentration of ozone dosage and the concentration of residual ozone.

scholarly journals Sustainability assessment and environmental impacts of water supply systems: a case study in Tampa Bay water supply system

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Shen Yizhi ◽  
Wei Minrui ◽  
Hou Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Due to the accelerated industrial and urbanization development, climate change, and increasing populations and life quality expectations, the issue of drinking water shortage has raised much public awareness. The desalination system has been widely applied to accommodate the growing demand for clean water resources despite the continuous concerns about its relatively higher energy consumption and environmental footprints. This research conducted a case study in the Tampa Bay Regional Surface Water Treatment Plant and Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant in Florida, U.S. It analysed the performance and environmental impacts of conventional and desalination water supply systems on three sides: energy consumption, carbon footprint, and solid waste. Potential negative effects of both water supply systems are generally associated with surface water ecology, groundwater aquifers, coastal environment, and marine organisms. Various environmental impact mitigation plans have been proposed to prevent or restore the detriments caused by carbon dioxide emissions, plant construction, and concentrated brine discharge. Due to the deficiency in freshwater resources, desalination technology is more promising through proper regulations and regional sustainable development.

The impact of sustainable architecture patterns in optimizing energy consumption (Case Study: hot and dry climate)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Adel Ataei Karizi ◽  
Mahjoobeh Noohi Bezenjani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
International Level ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution ◽  
Climate Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Today, the environment, optimizing energy consumption and sustainable development have become the most important issues at the international level. Increasing population growth has disastrous effects on Earth's natural habitats and issues such as general global warming, increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause global warming, air, water and soil pollution all lead to irresponsible consumption of energy. This paper tries to evaluate sustainable patterns in warm and dry areas that with the climate analysis and contemporary comparison of design in hot and dry climate while clarifying various aspects, explain the impact of environmental factors in the formation of sustainable architecture and the use of applied patterns to design a sustainable architecture. It have been used analytical method, as well as library and documentary research in this study.

scholarly journals A Predictive Environmental Assessment Method for Construction Operations: Application to a Northeast China Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailun Feng ◽  
Weizhuo Lu ◽  
Thomas Olofsson ◽  
Shiwei Chen ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Impact Reduction

Construction accounts for a considerable number of environmental impacts, especially in countries with rapid urbanization. A predictive environmental assessment method enables a comparison of alternatives in construction operations to mitigate these environmental impacts. Process-based life cycle assessment (pLCA), which is the most widely applied environmental assessment method, requires lots of detailed process information to evaluate. However, a construction project usually operates in uncertain and dynamic project environments, and capturing such process information represents a critical challenge for pLCA. Discrete event simulation (DES) provides an opportunity to include uncertainty and capture the dynamic environments of construction operations. This study proposes a predictive assessment method that integrates DES and pLCA (DES-pLCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of on-site construction operations and supply chains. The DES feeds pLCA with process information that considers the uncertain and dynamic environments of construction, while pLCA guides the comprehensive procedure of environmental assessment. A DES-pLCA prototype was developed and implemented in a case study of an 18-storey building in Northeast China. The results showed that the biggest impact variations on the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were 5.1%, 4.1%, 4.1%, 4.7%, 0.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, due to uncertain and dynamic factors. Based on the proposed method, an average impact reduction can be achieved for these six indictors of 2.5%, 21.7%, 8.2%, 4.8%, 32.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. The method also revealed that the material wastage rate of formwork installation was the most crucial managing factor that influences global warming performance. The method can support contractors in the development and management of environmentally friendly construction operations that consider the effects of uncertainty and dynamics.

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