scholarly journals Reliability assessment of water distribution systems with statistical entropy and other surrogate measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiku T. Tanyimboh ◽  
Marika T. Tietavainen ◽  
Saleh Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Computing ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Statistical Entropy ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Surrogate Measures

There is ever increasing commercial and regulatory pressure to minimise the cost of water distribution networks even as the demand for them keeps on growing. But cost minimizing is only one of the demands placed on network design. Satisfactory networks are required to operate above a minimum level even if they experience failure of components. Reliable hydraulic performance can be achieved if sufficient redundancy is built in the network. This has given rise to various water distribution system optimization methods including genetic algorithms and other evolutionary computing methods. Evolutionary computing approaches frequently assess the suitability of enormous numbers of potential solutions for which the calculation of accurate reliability measures could be computationally prohibitive. Therefore, surrogate reliability measures are frequently used to ease the computational burden. The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation of surrogate reliability measures in relation to more accurate measures. The surrogate measures studied are statistical entropy, network resilience, resilience index and modified resilience index. The networks were simulated with the prototype software PRAAWDS that produces more realistic results for pressure-deficient water distribution systems. Statistical entropy outperformed resilience index in this study. The results also demonstrate there is a strong correlation between entropy and failure tolerance.

scholarly journals Using real options for an eco-friendly design of water distribution systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marques ◽  
Maria Cunha ◽  
Dragan A. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Real Options Approach ◽  
Materials Used

This paper presents a real options approach to handling uncertainties associated with the long-term planning of water distribution system development. Furthermore, carbon emissions associated with the installation and operation of water distribution networks are considered. These emissions are computed by taking an embodied energy approach to the different materials used in water networks. A simulated annealing heuristic is used to optimise a flexible eco-friendly design of water distribution systems for an extended life horizon. This time horizon is subdivided into different time intervals in which different possible decision paths can be followed. The proposed approach is applied to a case study and the results are presented according to a decision tree. Lastly, some comparisons and results are used to demonstrate the quality of the results of this approach.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surrogate Measures for the Reliability and Redundancy of Water Distribution Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 3535-3552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiku T. Tanyimboh ◽  
Calvin Siew ◽  
Salah Saleh ◽  
Anna Czajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Surrogate Measures

scholarly journals Average Operating Pressure Effect on Water Supply Systems Performances. A Case Study for 12 Romanian Small Water Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
E. Vitan ◽  
Anca Hotupan ◽  
Adriana Hadarean
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Small Water

Abstract The performance evaluation of an implemented water distribution network is in tight relation with the choice of adequate measures for water loss reduction. Hence, the consequences of placing the water network in a wrong performance category are bad and will conduct to unreasonably costs or considerable water loss volumes. Therefore, the evaluation of the water network performance level based on both Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) indicators is to be recommended. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of water distribution systems based on the calculated performance indicators NRW and ILI. For this purpose, collected data for a period of one year from 12 Romanian small water distribution systems and two simplified average pressure determination methods were used.

scholarly journals Experiments based comparative evaluations of machine learning techniques for leak detection in water distribution systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kammoun ◽  
Amina Kammoun ◽  
Mohamed Abid
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Learning Techniques

Abstract Leakage in water distribution systems is a significant long-standing problem due to the huge economic and ecological losses. Different leak detection studies have been examined in literature using different types of technologies and data. Currently, although machine learning techniques have achieved tremendous progress in outlier detection approaches, they are still limited in terms of water leak detection applications. This research aims to improve the leak detection performances by refining the choices of learning data and techniques. From this perspective, commonly used techniques for leak detection are assessed in this paper, and the characteristics of hydraulic data are investigated. Four intelligent algorithms are compared, namely k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, logistic regression, and multi-layer perceptron. This study focuses on six experiments based on identifying outliers in various packages of pressure and flow data, yearly data, seasonal data, night data, and flow data difference to detect leakage in water distribution networks. Different scenarios of realistic water demand in two networks from the benchmark dataset LeakDB are used. Results demonstrate that the leak detection accuracy varies between 30% and 100% depending on the experiment and the choices of algorithms and data.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of air scouring and unidirectional flushing of water distribution systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-590
Author(s):  
Florent Pourcel ◽  
Sophie Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract Unidirectional flushing is a widely used method to remove sedimented particles from water distribution systems and prevent water discolouration events. However, it shows low efficiency in cases of high pressure losses, usually requires large volumes of water, and does not remove incrustations. Air scouring is known for being very effective in particle removal with minimal impacts from pressure loss, requiring little water and improving hydraulic capacities by removing soft incrustations. Flushing sequences of unidirectional flushing and air scouring were performed in similar conditions on 18 pipe sections from four water distribution networks located in the province of Quebec, Canada; unidirectional flushing was also performed on 14 additional pipe sections located in three other water distribution networks. Total suspended solid concentration of flushed water, water flow and pressure were recorded to estimate the amount of flushed particles, the required water volume and the evolution of hydraulic capacities. Within the studied networks, the water requirements for air scouring were approximately 8-fold less than for unidirectional flushing and did not significantly improve the hydraulic capacity of the cleaned pipes.

scholarly journals Near–Real Time Burst Location and Sizing in Water Distribution Systems Using Artificial Neural Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Miguel Capelo ◽  
Bruno Brentan ◽  
Laura Monteiro ◽  
Dídia Covas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Artificial Data ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Artificial Neural

The current paper proposes a novel methodology for near–real time burst location and sizing in water distribution systems (WDS) by means of Multi–Layer Perceptron (MLP), a class of artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed methodology can be systematized in four steps: (1) construction of the pipe–burst database, (2) problem formulation and ANN architecture definition, (3) ANN training, testing and sensitivity analyses, (4) application based on collected data. A large database needs to be constructed using 24 h pressure–head data collected or numerically generated at different sensor locations during the pipe burst occurrence. The ANN is trained and tested in a real–life network, in Portugal, using artificial data generated by hydraulic extended period simulations. The trained ANN has demonstrated to successfully locate 60–70% of the burst with an accuracy of 100 m and 98% of the burst with an accuracy of 500 m and to determine burst sizes with uncertainties lower than 2 L/s in 90% of tested cases and lower than 0.2 L/s in 70% of the cases. This approach can be used as a daily management tool of water distribution networks (WDN), as long as the ANN is trained with artificial data generated by an accurate and calibrated WDS hydraulic models and/or with reliable pressure–head data collected at different locations of the WDS during the pipe burst occurrence.

Modelling Techniques in Dynamic Control of Water Distribution Systems

1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Coulbeck ◽  
M. J. H. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Modelling Techniques

The paper outlines the major requirements for dynamic control of water distribution systems and presents a control scheme which will ensure optimal operation. The scheme incorporates a simulation of the overall dynamics of a water system and a method is given for the derivation of simplified dynamic models of distribution networks which are suitable for use in computer controlled operations.

Division method for water distribution networks in hilly areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tao ◽  
Jiada Li ◽  
Kunlun Xin ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Xiaolan Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Pressure Limitation

Water distribution systems in hilly areas are always divided into several zones due to the undulating terrain. The present approach of dividing water distribution systems lacks an assessment index and is characterized by a low degree of automation. With the building of a mathematical model, this paper introduces two indicators – pressure limitation and pressure variation – to enable the automatic division of the water supply pipe network. It prioritizes economic index as the objective function in the evaluation of the division of water distribution systems in hilly areas, and then selects the optimal division scheme by generic algorithm in a large number of candidates. The SY terrain in YW City China is used for verification. Compared to traditional water supply partition methods, this procedure is easier to operate time-savingly by staff and is more automatic.

Experience in controlling Asellus aquaticus in water distribution systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
M. Geringer d'Oedenberg ◽  
J. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus

Asellus aquaticus is one of the nuisance organisms found in water distribution systems. Case studies of operations aimed at control of this crustacean and its disinfestation, carried out in two water distribution networks: in Pevensey Bay (Eastbourne, UK) and in Gdansk (Poland), are presented. Raw water reservoir receiving surface water was the source of infestation in Pevensey Bay. In Gdansk A. aquaticus probably penetrated the water distribution system with surface water getting into a leaky collecting well receiving groundwater from a chalk aquifer. The presence of organic matter in water entering the systems seemed to favour the infestation. Chemical treatment with pyrethrins (Pevensey Bay) and peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide preparation (Gdansk) was used. The concentration of pyrethrins was 10 (g/dm3 and the average dose of peracetic acid was 4 mg/dm3. Both chemical treatments were found quite effective, however, some sections of the (much larger than Pevensey Bay) distribution network in Gdansk were not completely cleaned of the infestation.

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