Reuse of alum sludge in clay brick manufacturing

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elangovan ◽  
K. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Alum Sludge

When alum is used as a coagulant in a water treatment plant (WTP), a large volume of sludge is generated. The characteristics of the sludge depend strongly on the water source and the quality and quantity of the chemicals used for processing. For a plant with total suspended solids (TSS)/turbidity unit (TU) factor of 1.7, the weight of the alum sludge produced at an average alum dose of 28.2 mg/L is approximately 25 kg/MLD. Disposal of sludge in a way that is economically and environmentally sustainable is a major challenge faced by WTPs around the globe. In this study, the alum sludge generated during water treatment was used as a partial substitute for clay in a clay brick manufacturing process. Alum sludge and commercial local clay were blended in various proportions and sintered at different temperatures to produce clay-sludge bricks. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of clay-sludge bricks, such as loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, and compressive strength, are investigated. The results from this study indicate that alum sludge could be used as a partial substitute in commercial clay bricks to a maximum of 20% without compromising the strength of the bricks.

Effect of adding alum sludge from water treatment plant on sewage sludge dewatering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 746-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Ting Ma ◽  
Ailan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Alum Sludge

Effect of surfactant on alum sludge conditioning and dewaterability

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruhsing Pan ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
C. Gang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Conditioning ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Co Precipitation

Sludge disposal has become a new challenge for the Taiwan government due to the increasing demand for better quality and greater quantity of water. In some water treatment plants, surfactant has been applied in the flotation process to improve its performance, which suggests the use of surfactant in sludge conditioning. In this study, effects of surfactants on the conditioning of the alum sludge collected from Feng-Yuan Water Treatment Plant were investigated. Surfactants of various charges, namely CTAB and SDS, were added to sludge samples in various amounts, and their effects on sludge dewaterability were evaluated. Surfactants were also added with either cationic or anionic polymers to better understand their effects on the mechanism of sludge conditioning and the feasibility as coagulant aid.Experimental results indicate that applying surfactants alone in sludge system decrease the filterability of sludge, but increase the sludge dewatering rate at optimum dosage. Cationic surfactant was proven possible as conditioning aid for the cationic polymer. The order of surfactant and polymer addition is the key to additive function. On the other hand, when the polymer of opposite charge was added with the surfactant, co-precipitation occurred which resulted in decreased filterability and dewaterability.

Analysis of Plant and Soil from Alum Sludge Farm of Drinking Water Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Ooi Chong Hoe ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Noorhisham Tan Kofli ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Alum Sludge

scholarly journals Enteric illness risks before and after water treatment improvements

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd J. Frost ◽  
Kristine Tollestrup ◽  
Melissa Roberts ◽  
Twila R. Kunde ◽  
Gunther F. Craun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quality Surface

This study evaluated whether occurrence of acute gastrointestinal illnesses declined after filtration and ozonation were added to a previously unfiltered, chlorinated high-quality surface water source in a northwest United States city. Enteric and other illnesses were recorded for two 6-month periods for control and intervention sites in the same city. During phase 1, chlorinated, unfiltered drinking water for both sites was obtained from protected watersheds. During phase 2, the intervention site received chlorinated, filtered and ozonated drinking water. The water was not altered in the control site. No overall differences were found in the risk of any of the illnesses after the new water treatment plant was completed. There was a significantly increased risk of diarrhoea and highly credible gastrointestinal illness in participants with three or more episodes of the same type of illness during phase 1.

scholarly journals Conventional Water Treatment of Domestic Groundwater Supplies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Hussein Hamid Emran Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Sulfate Removal

The important of ground water is increasing in the future as a source of fresh waters; in addition, many countries contain a number of water treatment plants to treat surface water. Using conventional treatment plant in the cities to treat ground water will decrease the cost of ground water treatment and may be help to depend on both surface and ground water supplies. This paper studied the ability of treating ground water by conventional water treatment. The quality of the ground water source is studied in the mention area during study period. The chemical quality of ground water is tested and there is within the standards of drinking water except iron.  The conventional treatment was enhancing quality of treated water by increment of dissolved oxygen concentrations toward optimum value. Water treatment plant was effective for removal of iron from ground water of about 50%, in addition there is an effect of conventional treatment on sulfate removal (sulfate may be increase above standards in some ground water sources). The statistical analysis of data shows there is a correlation between quality parameters of raw and treated water and between iron and sulfate of treated water in the correlation matrix. In addition, confidence test was applied on the correlation coefficients using fisher's transformation .The analysis shows, that there is a positive period (0.244, 0.941) of confidence of 95% of correlation factors of iron and sulfate.

scholarly journals Occurrence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle in Taihu Lake (China) and its removal at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
Min Rui ◽  
Shuili Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle

Abstract The occurrence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP), an emerging contaminant, in Taihu Lake of China was investigated. Ti was present at a concentration of 224 ± 59 µg/L in the water source of east Taihu Lake. Approximately 0.19% of the Ti-containing matter was at the nano-scale. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis verified the existence of Ti-containing components, such as TiOX and FeTiOX. Furthermore, Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy was used to detect the phase composition of nano-scaled Ti-containing matter. The spectra showed the three characteristic peaks of TiO2 in the samples, suggesting the occurrence of TNP in Taihu Lake. A least-squares linear combination fitting analysis indicated that the TNP concentration in the water source was 0.86 µg/L, with a crystal composition of 0.44 ± 0.1 µg/L amorphous, 0.14 ± 0.03 µg/L anatase and 0.28 ± 0.06 µg/L rutile. The removal performance of the TNP at a full-scale conventional drinking water treatment plant indicated that 58.8% of TNP was removed via coagulation/sediment, sand filtration and disinfection/clear water reservoir. The coagulation/sediment process accounted for approximately 76.6% of the total removed TNP. The finished water contained 0.33 µg/L TNP with a crystal composition of 0.24 ± 0.13 µg/L anatase and 0.09 ± 0.05 µg/L rutile. This study is the first that reported the presence and transport of TNP in a drinking water treatment system.

PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE (WTS)-CLAY BRICKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Asri Md Nor ◽  
Alia Syafiqah Abdul Hamed ◽  
Faisal Hj Ali ◽  
Ong Keat Khim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
And Performance

Every year, large quantity of water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced from water treatment plant in Malaysia. Sanitary landfill disposal of sludge at authorized sites is the common practice in Malaysia. However, searching the suitable site for landfill is the major problem as the amount of sludge produced keeps on increasing. Reuse of the sludge could be an alternative to disposal. This study investigated the reusability of WTS as brick making material. The performance of clay-WTS bricks produced by mixing clay with different percentages of WTS with increments of 20% from 0% up to 100% was investigated. Each molded brick with optimum moisture content was pressed under constant pressure, oven-dried at 100˚C for 24 hours followed by heating at 600˚C for 2 hours and 1000˚C for 3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to characterize clay, WTS and clay-WTS bricks.  The performance of the bricks were evaluated with firing shrinkage, loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, bulk density, and compressive strength tests. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease of brick firing shrinkage, and increase of water absorption and compressive strength. The results revealed that the brick with 100% by weight of sludge could generate the highest compressive strength of 17.123N/mm2. It can be concluded that the bricks with 20 to 100% of water treatment sludge comply with the Malaysian Standard MS7.6:1972, which can fulfill the general requirement for usage of clay bricks in wall construction.

Comparison of Water Treatment Plant and Water Source Well: Field Evaluation of Waterflooding Project in Shushufindi-Aguarico Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oki Maulidani ◽  
Veronica Maldonado ◽  
Juan Gallardo ◽  
Victoria Zurita ◽  
Cristian Giol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Production Wells

Abstract Waterflooding project has been implemented in Shushufindi-Aguarico mature field since late 2014. Having a compatible and cost-effective injected water is one of the key elements to ensure the success of this project. In perspective, water treatment plant was constructed in 2014 during pilot stage while water sources wells were completed in 2019 as an alternative source of injected water at the expansion stage of waterflooding project. This paper presents the comparison between both systems used as part of the water injection strategy: the Water Injection Plant (WIP) and Water Producer Wells (WPW). A complete system of water treatment plant is located in one of the production stations. The process basically starts by collecting water from production wells and workovers then treating it mechanically using a flotation unit and chemically to remove solid as well as oil contents. The water is then injected into injection wells with the help of horizontal pumping system (HPS). In the system of water source wells, two wells were converted to produce water from Hollin water reservoir utilizing electrical submersible pumps (ESP). The water is directly injected without any treatment into injection wells given the analysis of its fluid properties. The initial investment for water treatment plant is four times compared to water source well providing equal injection capacity where the operational cost per barrel of injected water is similar. The operational cost for water treatment plant refers to surface facilities maintenance and daily chemical consumption while for water source well it refers to associated cost of ESP reparation and workover operation. The average run-life of the water source wells in Ecuador Oriente basin is 1,200 days. The biggest challenge of water treatment plant is dealing with solid content whereas for water source well is on how to ensure integrity of the well and the flowline system in the high temperature and CO2 environment. Continuous improvements have been performed to address these challenges such as chemical treatment adjustments, real-time surveillance of injection wells, and modification of flowline system. Water treatment plant not only provides compatible water for injection wells but also supports water handling capacity as it utilizes water from production wells. In the other hand, compatible and clean water from Hollin water reservoir is the main benefit of water source wells. This paper will outline the pros and cons of water treatment plant and water source well based on field evaluation in Shushufindi-Aguarico field. It outlines the operational experience and lessons learned that can be used as a guide and reference when evaluating water sources for a waterflooding strategy. Economical analysis as well as continuous improvement will also be presented in this paper to deliver an integrated analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluasi dan Optimalisasi Sistem Pengolahan Air Minum Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Jaluko Kapasitas 50 L/S Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harissa Gustinawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Planning Unit ◽  
Technical Specifications

Water Treatment Plant (IPA) capacity of 50 liters per second in the district Outer City Jambi Jambi Muaro use raw water source Batang Hari River. This installation was built in 2012 and was completed in late 2012. Air processed IPA Foreign Cities Jambi distributed to 12 regions located in the district of Jambi Outer City (Mendalo). Processing unit which exist in the IPA IPA is based prototype project using raw water source located Musi River in South Sumatra. The technical specifications references drinking water treatment plant should use the applicable standard is ISO 6774 in 2008 regarding the procedure of planning unit package water treatment plant and the literature regarding the design of IPA. There are differences between the dimensions of the design criteria based on ISO 6774-2008 with the existing dimensions of the IPA unit. Some of the units are not in accordance with design specifications. Affixing process chemicals do without testing it first, so it is not known optimal dose of the chemicals needed. This study aims to evaluate and optimize the design of the IPA unit Jambi existing State Affairs with the technical specifications of ISO 6774 in 2008 regarding the procedure of planning unit package water treatment plant and the literature regarding the design of IPA.Keywords :    Evaluation, Water Treatment Plant (IPA), ISO 6774-2008, WTP Optimization

Distribution of aluminium from alum sludge in water and sediment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Abdullah ◽  
I Baba ◽  
S Sarmani ◽  
Erdawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aluminium Concentration ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Aluminium Species

Aluminium sulfate is generally used as a primary coagulant in most municipal water treatment plants. The sludge produced is often discharged back into the river. Depending on the physicochemical properties of the river water, aluminium from the sludge will become soluble and form various species that may be toxic to aquatic life. This study is an attempt to look at the effect of alum sludge dumping on the distribution of various aluminium species in the Linggi River of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which is used as source of raw water for the Linggi Water Treatment Plant. The result showed that the total aluminium concentrations in the five sampling stations located upstream and downstream of the dumping point along the river were 0.48-1.14 mg L-1, of which labile aluminium was 0.37-0.56 mg L-1 and non-labile aluminium was 0.12-0.58 mg L-1. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in aluminium concentration in the water along the river. However, total aluminium concentration in the sediments increased significantly downstream from the water plant, indicating that aluminium from the sludge dumping may accumulate in the sediment.

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