Ceramic membranes for water treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Mueller ◽  
Gerhard Biwer ◽  
Guenther Baldauf
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Total Membrane ◽  
Filter Backwash Water

Ceramic membranes, different in pore size and membrane material, were applied to remove particulate and dissolved matter from different spent filter backwash water types as well as from dam water. The study was conducted in pilot scale under conditions typical for waterworks at a dam water treatment plant. A comparison of different ceramic membranes implied that total membrane resistance was more influenced by feed water type and by operation than by membrane type for the waters tested. Nevertheless, ceramic membranes seem to accumulate during operation less organic foulants especially polysaccharides compared to organic membranes leading to lower total membrane resistances for ceramic membranes during filtration process. Ceramic membranes may be considered to be applicable to treat spent filter backwash water as well as source water in public water supply.

scholarly journals N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation from Treatment of Seasonally and Spatially Varying Source Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Maxwell C. Meadows ◽  
Soni M. Pradhanang ◽  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Hitoshi Kodamatani ◽  
Menu B. Leddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Spatially Varying

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection by-product (DBP) that has been classified as a probable human carcinogen in multiple risk assessments. NDMA presence in drinking water is widespread and dependent on source water, disinfectant type, precursors, and water treatment strategies. The objectives of this study were to investigate NDMA formation potential in a modeled monochloramine water treatment plant (WTP) fed by seasonally and spatially varying source water; and to optimize DBP precursor removal by combining conventional and additional treatment techniques. After NDMA analysis, it was found that NDMA formation was significantly dependent on source water type and monochloramine contact time (CT); e.g., at 24 h CT, Cork Brook produced 12.2 ng/L NDMA and Bailey Brook produced 4.2 ng/L NDMA, compared with 72 h CT, Cork Brook produced 4.1 ng/L NDMA and Bailey Brook produced 3.4 ng/L NDMA. No correlations were found between traditional DBP precursors such as total organic carbon and total nitrogen, and the formation of NDMA. The laboratory bench-top treatment system was highly effective at removing traditional DBP precursors, highlighting the need for WTPs to alter their current treatment methods to best accommodate the complex system of DBP control.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

Chemical monitoring strategy for the assessment of advanced water treatment plant performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Drewes ◽  
J. A. McDonald ◽  
T. Trinh ◽  
M. V. Storey ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Plant Operation

A pilot-scale plant was employed to validate the performance of a proposed full-scale advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) in Sydney, Australia. The primary aim of this study was to develop a chemical monitoring program that can demonstrate proper plant operation resulting in the removal of priority chemical constituents in the product water. The feed water quality to the pilot plant was tertiary-treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The unit processes of the AWTP were comprised of an integrated membrane system (ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) followed by final chlorination generating a water quality that does not present a source of human or environmental health concern. The chemical monitoring program was undertaken over 6 weeks during pilot plant operation and involved the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, steroidal hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, N-nitrosamines and halomethanes. The first phase consisted of baseline monitoring of target compounds to quantify influent concentrations in feed waters to the plant. This was followed by a period of validation monitoring utilising indicator chemicals and surrogate measures suitable to assess proper process performance at various stages of the AWTP. This effort was supported by challenge testing experiments to further validate removal of a series of indicator chemicals by reverse osmosis. This pilot-scale study demonstrated a simplified analytical approach that can be employed to assure proper operation of advanced water treatment processes and the absence of trace organic chemicals.

Pilot-scale study of the radiation-induced silica removal from underground brackish water in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Silica Removal ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractSilica scaling deposition in industrial water systems is one of the biggest challenges facing the water treatment industry due the low solubility of the scalants in the feed waters. In this preliminary work, we investigated the effectiveness of the ionizing radiation induced removal of silica in water sample from the Salbukh, Saudi Arabia, water treatment plant by using metallic iron as the source of ferric hydroxide to co-precipitate the silica. The influence of several reaction parameters, i.e. iron powder dosage, radiation dose, initial pH and equilibrium pH effect were investigated. In the optimum conditions, up to 75% of silica was removed. This preliminary study showed that this environmentally friendly process is effective in silica removal from underground water.

Long-term studies on hybrid ceramic microfiltration for treatment of surface water containing high dissolved organic matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abeynayaka ◽  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
S. Khandarith ◽  
T. Hashimoto ◽  
H. Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Filtration Cycle

This long-term pilot-scale study on the performance of ceramic microfiltration (CMF) was conducted at the Bangkhen water treatment plant (BWTP), with the raw water from Chaophraya River, Thailand. Raw water turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were varied in the ranges of 20–210 NTU and 3.0–8.5 mg/L respectively. The hybrid pilot-scale CMF (Pilot-CMF) operational parameters were optimized with the aid of jar-tests and laboratory-scale CMF (Lab-CMF) operations. The systems were operated with various polyaluminum chloride dosages and filtration cycle times. Pilot-CMF provided excellent steady turbidity removal compared to the conventional water treatment process. DOC removal percentages of Pilot-CMF and the conventional process at the BWTP were 49% and 30% respectively. With different coagulant dosages, unique patterns in transmembrane pressure (TMP) variations were observed. The daily TMP increment under low turbidity conditions was 0.08 kPa/day. During rainy periods (turbidity over 100 NTU) the TMP increment reached 0.79 kPa/day. However, once the turbidity of raw water reaches normal conditions (30–60 NTU at the BWTP) the Pilot-CMF system recovers the TMP increment due to efficient backwashing.

scholarly journals Assessing biofilm on biofilter media (granular activated carbon and anthracite) from a pilot scale drinking water treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Dimas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Attachment Sites

Drinking Water Treatment Plants employ biofiltration systems to increase water quality through nutrient reduction. Microbial biofilms housed in biofilter media, are responsible for nutrient uptake and biodegradation. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the function and efficiency of biofilter media and investigate seasonal changes in the microbial populations. TOC and DO were more reduced in Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) media than in anthracite. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were conducted to establish seasonal trends on microbial population. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA fragments were sequenced to compare microbial communities. Summer samples have higher HPC than winter samples. Summer samples yielded a reduction in microbial diversity and no detectable overlap with winter samples. Confocal microscopy conducted to qualitatively visualize the structure of biofilms was complemented by quantitative COMSTAT analysis showing GAC with double the biomass due to a greater level of attachment sites. GAC outcompetes anthracite in chemical adsorption and biological activity.

Development of a predictive model to determine the temporal variability in mine feed water quality towards informing and forecasting plant operating strategy – a South African coal mine water treatment plant case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-633
Author(s):  
J. Nathoo ◽  
E. Hong Gay ◽  
N. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Mine Water Treatment ◽  
Brine Treatment

The feed water quality associated with mine water treatment is typically characterised by a dynamic variability resulting from the fact that the final feed water to the water treatment plant (WTP) can be an amalgamation of water streams emanating from a number of sources. Consequently, the ability to deal with the dynamic nature of the feed water quality towards successful and sustainable mine water treatment goes beyond a proactive approach and requires a systemic, predictive approach. This paper discusses the development of an unsteady state mass balance model on a surface dam located on a coal mine towards predicting the dynamic fluctuations in total dam volume and its total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in the feed water to a NuWater 20 MLD mobile WTP, comprising chemical conditioning, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO). The unsteady state mass balance, incorporated water entering the dam via the opencast pits, underground compartments, seasonal rainfall and the RO brine return. Water leaving the dam comprised the feed water to the WTP, partial brine treatment, surface evaporation and seepage. Validation of the model using actual data over an 8-month period showed excellent results. The model showed that without water treatment, the dam would overflow in 218 days. Although the dam's volume could be sustained at the ideal volume by treating 14.2 MLD, its TDS would exceed the maximum environmental limit in 197 days. Consequently, the combination of a 13.2 MLD WTP with a 1 MLD brine treatment plant provided the optimal water treatment strategy to sustainably maintain the dam's TDS concentration and volume within acceptable limits over the 5-year investigation period. This paper demonstrates the importance of using a predictive methodology for forecasting feed water characteristics and as an early warning system for most water treatment systems that are subjected to dynamic conditions.

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