Development of strategic water reserve for the Holy City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540
Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Demand Management ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Water Reserve ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Subsurface Dam ◽  
The City ◽  
Natural Recharge

This contribution presents part of the work that had been done to develop the water resources in Wadi Naman east of Makkah City to form a strategic water reserve for the city of Makkah and the nearby holy shrines. The aim of the strategic water reserve is to be used as water supply in emergencies when the desalination plant or the pipelines from the desalination plant to the city have to be out of the service for a considerable amount of time due to planned or unplanned shutdowns. The development plan calls for a constructing of a subsurface dam across the Wadi at a prescribed location. The proposed subsurface dam will extend from 3 m below the natural ground surface to a depth of 2–3 metres inside solid bedrock. The suggested dam may be constructed using plain plastic concrete and utilizing the diaphragm wall technique for construction. The crest of the subsurface dam can serve as a buried spillway to convey access water downstream and the overflow freeboard will provide a room for utilities that passes through the wadi to serve cities and villages upstream. The alluvium thickness upstream of the proposed dam location is ranging from 20–70 m and the total volume of the alluvium behind the dam that can store water is 218 × 106 m3. Pumping test revealed that the transmissivity is 1,376 m2/day and the yield storage coefficient is 0.15. The safe water yield that can be stored in the alluvium behind the dam due to natural recharge of 6.53 × 106 m3/year and interception of the groundwater flow by the dam can reach an amount of 32.7 million cubic metres of water in a period of about 5 years from the date of completion of the dam. This amount of water can serve the city and the nearby holy shrines for a period of up to four months with a good demand management program. However, to maintain the desired levels of water quality and quantity in the reservoir and to minimize the adverse effect of the dam on the downstream area a very strict management program of the basin has to be followed. This management program can be used to control the urban and rural development in the area upstream of the dam and enhancing artificial and natural recharge in the upstream and downstream sides of the dam.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLE MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR A VOLUNTARY TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Ko ◽  
Daejin Kim ◽  
Heung Gweon Sin ◽  
Seungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Vehicle Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The City

As many people are concerned about sustainable urban transportation systems, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is getting more attention as a viable option to reduce automobile dependency on an efficient way. Especially, voluntary participation-based TDM by offering incentives has been applied in many cities in recent years. The city of Seoul with 10 million population is offering incentives including an annual vehicle tax discount to increase the participation of Weekly No-driving Day (WND) program, a voluntary TDM program encouraging drivers to leave their cars home at least one weekday a week. The compliance of the program rule is monitored by Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. In this study, to check the efficiency of the RFID monitoring system, the flow capturing location model is utilized to evaluate the adequateness of the RFID reader locations. Also, this paper proposes an optimal detection rate for the WND program based on economic evaluation results in consideration of costs and benefits of the program.

Pressure management in Waitakere City, New Zealand - a case study

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pilipovic ◽  
R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Network Computer ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
The City

In 1996, as part of Waitakere Council’s Water Cycle Strategy, a pressure standardisation programme to permanently lower the average supply pressure citywide was implemented with the aim of reducing water loss and water use. The experience gained during the 1994/95 Auckland water shortage had confirmed that there was considerable scope to reduce pressures in many areas. Since 1996 water pressures have been reduced in over 60% of the reticulated area of the city, with the average pressure reduced from 710 kPa to 540 kPa. As a result of this programme water loss from the network has been reduced, there has been a reduction in the frequency of mains breaks and it is likely that the life of water pipeline assets has been extended. Furthermore both pressure and demand management initiatives have reduced per capita water use in the city by more than 10%. A network computer model was used as a design tool to check the network under various pressure regimes and cost benefit analyses were carried out for various design scenarios. Fire sprinkler systems were checked as part of the design process. Minimum service standards were not reduced and in some cases pressures were actually increased. This paper covers the various aspects of the design, the implementation and the results of the pressure standardisation programme.

Results of the largest residential demand management program in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turner ◽  
S. White ◽  
K. Beatty ◽  
A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Total Saving ◽  
Income Category ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Residential Demand

This paper provides details and the results of an evaluation study carried out on the largest residential demand management program in Australia, the Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) ‘Every Drop Counts’ (EDC) residential retrofit program. The evaluation measured the water savings of program participants and compared them to a control group. Savings of 20.9 ± 2.5 kilolitres per household per annum (kL/hh/a) were found from statistical analysis of water meter readings of the sample of single residential households analysed. These individual savings effectively provide SWC with a potential total saving of 3,344 ± 400 megalitres per annum (ML/a) for the single residential houses retrofitted alone, i.e. 80% of the 200,000 households retrofitted to date. The evaluation identified that no ‘decay’ in average savings were found over the maximum four year period assessed. Other factors evaluated during the study included: analysis of individual water efficiency measures; comparison of savings with other evaluations; and savings related to occupancy ratio, geographical grouping, income category and defined socioeconomic categories.

Demand Forecasting

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Natalie Nicole Mar Hernández ◽  
Patricia Cano-Olivos ◽  
Diana Sánchez-Partida ◽  
José-Luis Martínez-Flores ◽  
Santiago Omar Caballero-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Abc Classification ◽  
The City

This chapter provides a proposal for demand management in furniture SMEs located in the city of Puebla, México. The historical production data reviewed, and the classification of the most critical articles was made using the ABC classification methodology. Subsequently, the literature of SMEs was analyzed as well as the current situation and statistical information was sought. Additionally, it presented an overview of the models to forecast demand and applied to the most relevant articles. Due to the results and previous study, it was decided to implement a forecasting technique which is modelled by artificial neural networks. The ANN model developed with the TANSIGMOID transfer function by using MATLAB software. The appropriate forecasting techniques selected according to the variability of the demand of the articles takes a short-term planning horizon. This research will help the company reduce uncertainty, forecasting sales, and achieve better production planning through ANNs.

A Review on the Factors Influencing the Park-and-Ride Traffic Management Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmed Memon ◽  
Napiah Madzlan ◽  
Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Hakro ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The City

Park-and-ride is a traffic management method of traffic congestion problem in urban areas. As an extent of total demand management, park-and-ride service (P&R service) has broadly implemented in many countries. P&R service has proven to be progressive in alleviating traffic congestion despite of complication in finding parking spaces in the city centers. The objective of this research is to discuss a model to shift car travelers’ to park-and-ride service (P&R service) and to investigate the factors which influence car travelers’ behavior. This study can support policy makers’ with useful information for future planning and development of park-and-ride service. Research outcomes will support policy-making and provide base for future study on modal choice behavior model for park-and-ride service.

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