Soil as a wastewater treatment system: historical development

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Tzanakakis ◽  
N.V. Paranychianaki ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Land Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Ideal

“Land treatment” refers to the application of wastewater to the soil to achieve treatment and to meet irrigation needs of the vegetation. Application of wastewater to the land was the first practice used to protect public health and control environmental pollution. This technology has gone through different stages of development with time but it was not until 1840s when the basic principles of this technology started to establish. The use of land treatment for wastewater treatment declined after the development of conventional treatment plants but a renewed interested occurred after the passage of Clean Water Act and especially, during the last two decades. Currently, its application has been expanded in the management of various types of wastewaters including dairy, meat, industrial effluents as well as and polluted water sources. It is recognized as the ideal technology for rural communities, clusters of homes and small industrial units due to low energy demands and low operation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, in conjunction with biomass production can contribute in the control of climate change. A brief historical overview along with an introduction to the fundamental processes the current trends and the future prospects are provided in this section.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

scholarly journals Potential applications of halophilic microorganisms for biological treatment of industrial process brines contaminated with aromatics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mainka ◽  
David Weirathmüller ◽  
Christoph Herwig ◽  
Stefan Pflügl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Halophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Saline wastewater contaminated with aromatic compounds can be frequently found in various industrial sectors. Those compounds need to be degraded before reuse of wastewater in other process steps or release to the environment. Halophiles have been reported to efficiently degrade aromatics, but their application to treat industrial wastewater is rare. Halophilic processes for industrial wastewater treatment need to satisfy certain requirements: a continuous process mode, low operational expenditures, suitable reactor systems and a monitoring and control strategy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of halophilic microorganisms, principles of aromatic biodegradation, and sources of saline wastewater containing aromatics and other contaminants. Finally, process examples for halophilic wastewater treatment and potential process monitoring strategies are discussed. To further illustrate the significant potential of halophiles for saline wastewater treatment and to facilitate development of ready-to-implement processes, future research should focus on scale-up and innovative process monitoring and control strategies.

scholarly journals Energetic flexibility on wastewater treatment plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schäfer ◽  
I. Hobus ◽  
T. G. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
The Future ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
And Control

In the future, an additional potential of control reserve as well as storage capacities will be required to compensate fluctuating renewable energy availability. The operation of energy systems will change and flexibility in energy generation and consumption will rise to a valuable asset. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are capable of providing the flexibility needed, not only with their energy generators but also in terms of their energy consuming aggregates on the plant. To meet challenges of the future in regard to energy purchase and to participate in and contribute to such a volatile energy market, WWTPs have to reveal their energetic potential as a flexible service provider. Based on the evaluated literature and a detailed analysis of aggregates on a pilot WWTP an aggregate management has been developed to shift loads and provide a procedure to identify usable aggregates, characteristic values and control parameters to ensure effluent quality. The results show that WWTPs have a significant potential to provide energetic flexibility. Even for vulnerable components such as aeration systems, load-shifting is possible with appropriate control parameters and reasonable time slots without endangering system functionality.

scholarly journals Survey on finger-vein segmentation and authentication

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwetambari Kharabe ◽  
C. Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Finger Vein ◽  
Authentication Technique ◽  
Ideal Process ◽  
The Ideal

Exploding growth in the field of electronic information technology, the finger vein authentication technique plays a vibrant role for personal identification and verification. In recent era, this technique is gaining popularity, as it provides a high security and convenience approach for personal authentication. Vein biometrics is an emerging methodologycomparing to other systems, due to its strengths of low forgery risk, aliveness detection and stableness over long period of time. Literatures published based on different techniques used forand authentication process are described and evaluated in this paper. These processes hadgained an outstanding promise in variety of applications and much attention among researchers to provide combine accuracy, universality and cost efficiency. This paper in brief, reviews various approaches used for finger vein segmentation and feature extraction. The reviews are based on finger vein basic principles, image acquisition methodology, pre-processing functions, segmentation, feature extraction,classification, matching and identification procedures, which are analyzed scientifically, thoroughly and comprehensively.Based on the analysis, the ideal process and procedure is identified, which will be an idyllic solution for finger vein authentication.

scholarly journals Monitoring of reproductive health in the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) from the Saen Saep Canal, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Thawanrat Puttipong ◽  
◽  
Sinlapachai Senarat ◽  
Jes Kettratad ◽  
Chitchai Chantangsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Striped Catfish

Khlong Saen Saep is one of the most important and large canal systems in Bangkok, Thailand. However, the emergence of heavily polluted water has occasionally been reported due to the domestic sewage and industrial effluents discharged into the system. This situation may affect the reproductive status of aquatic lives residing in this canal. To evaluate the reproductive status of the canal inhabitant, the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)—a common dweller of the Saen Saep Canal—was collected from two selected stations, the Bumpen Nua Temple and the Kamalun Islam Mosque. The fish gonads were then anatomically and histologically examined. The results indicated that neither parasites nor ovary with external abnormality were found. Nevertheless, several histological alterations were detected, including vacuolar degeneration of previtellogenic oocytes, accumulation of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), and atretic oocytes. Moreover, severe histopathological changes, such as the eosinophilic cytoplasm of spermatogonia, MMCs, blood congestion, and syncytium of spermatozoa, were observed in the fish testis. Our study suggested that the environmental stress and pollutions previously reported from the Saen Saep Canal possibly underpin the gonadal impairments of P. hypophthalmus examined and may have adverse impact on the reproductive health of others living in this canal system

scholarly journals Spinel Ferrite Based Nanomaterials for Water Remediation Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-245
Author(s):  
R. Jasrotia
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Spinel Ferrite ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spinel Ferrites ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants

The decreasing levels of consumable water on earth have been a serious issue and this issue makes the researchers and scientists develop new technologies for the purification of polluted water. Several reports have been carried on wastewater remediation by utilizing spinel ferrite-based nanoparticles and their composites. The spinel ferrites-based nanoparticles utilized for wastewater treatment was cost effective, chemically stable, easily retrieved and reusable. The present work addresses the various fabrication techniques for the preparation of spinel ferrite-based nanoparticles and their utilization for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants through the adsorption paths.

scholarly journals Hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment, and control in rural Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Pone Simo ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Jacques Noubiap ◽  
Orlin Pagnol Nana ◽  
Pride Swiri-Muya Nkosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a surge in the burden of hypertension, and rural communities seem to be increasingly affected by the epidemic. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, its associated factors, as well as its awareness, treatment, and control rates in rural communities of the Baham Health District (BHD), Cameroon.Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Participants from five health areas in the BHD were recruited from August to October 2018.Participants: Consenting participants aged 18 years or older were included. Results: We included 526 participants in this study. The median age of the participants was 53.0 (IQR = 35 – 65) years and 67.1% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 40.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7 – 45.1) were hypertensive with no gender disparity. The overall age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% (95% CI = 20.3 – 27.5). Five-year increase in age (adjusted odd’s ratio [AOR] = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.23 – 1.44), family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.37 – 3.60), and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.40 – 4.69).The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 37.2% (95% CI = 31.0 – 43.9), 20.9% (95% CI = 16.0 – 26.9), and 22.2% (95% CI = 15.2 – 46.5), respectively.Conclusion: The high hypertension prevalence in this rural community is associated with contrastingly low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Age, family history of hypertension, and obesity are the major drivers of hypertension in this community. Veracious policies are needed to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in this rural community.

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