Applicable background minimum night flow for leakage management of small district metered areas in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
H. Lee ◽  
S. Chung ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
J. Koo ◽  
I. Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Real Losses

In case of Seoul city in Korea, the level of water leakage from any distribution system is evaluated by comparison of measured minimum night flows (NFMs) with a fixed allowable leakage level. However, infrastructure condition of District Metered Areas (DMAs) could be misjudged, because characteristics of the system are not considered properly. Therefore the components of NFM were estimated in residential and business DMAs by using data of night uses collected by modified option A test and real losses from water balance analysis. A new background minimum night flow equation was developed by the components of NFM. Applicability of the equation was tested on various revenue water % residential and business DMAs. As a result, it is concluded that the new background night flow developed in this study is more reasonable in Korea and could be used to judge whether the DMAs have economically recoverable unreported bursts prior to leakage detection activity.

scholarly journals Hybridisation of brownboost classifier and glowworm swarm based optimal sensor placement for water leakage detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejeesh Rayaroth ◽  
Sivaradje Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Glowworm Swarm Optimization ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Water Leakage Detection

Abstract. Water Distribution System distributes the water to customer with the better quality and pressure. Distribution system supplies the water from their source to usage point. Due to the leakage, the sufficient amount of water is not delivered to the consumer. Many researchers introduced the techniques for detecting the water leakage in distribution system. But, the water leakage detection accuracy was not improved and time consumption was also not reduced. To improve the water leakage detection performance, Enhanced BrownBoost Classifier based Glowworm Swarm Optimization (EBBC-GWO) Method is introduced. EBBC-GWO method introduces two models namely, Enhanced BrownBoost Classifier model and Glowworm Swarm Optimization model. Enhanced BrownBoost Classifier model considers k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifier as weak classifier. It classifies the training samples with neighbor's majority vote for allocating the object to the class. Brownboost classifier combines all k-NN classifier to construct strong classifier. By this way, data are classified as the normal data or abnormal data with higher accuracy. After classification, optimization process is executed where every solution corresponds to the glowworm (i.e., abnormal pressure data node) in search space. Every glowworm has objective function for addressing the optimization problem. Every glowworm operates in probabilistic means to choose the neighbor with higher luciferin value and transmit to it. Glowworm updates its location to the glowworm in dynamic decision space and optimal one is selected for water leakage detection. By this way, water leakage detection accuracy is improved with lesser false positive rate. Experimental evaluation of proposed EBBC-GWO method is carried out with respect to number of pressure data and sensor placement nodes. The results demonstrated that EBBC-GWO method is higher in case of classification accuracy, false positive rate, classification time and water leakage detection accuracy. The simulation results show that EBBC-GWO method increases the performance of water leakage detection accuracy and reduces classification time when compared to state-of-the-art works.

EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE FROM THE YARRAGADEE FORMATION INTO THE BLACKWOOD RIVER, BLACKWOOD PLATEAU, WESTERN AUSTRALIA USING WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baina Afkril
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Balance Analysis

<p>Area studi terletak di bagian tenggara Dataran Tinggi Blackwood, Australia Barat mencakup 71 km<sup>2</sup>. Akifer Yarragadee di daerah studi utamanya tersusun oleh batu pasir yang mengandung lapisan-lapisan batu lempung dan liat. Akifer ini merupakan akifer tak-tertekan karena muncul dipermukaan sepanjang alur Sungai Blackwood pada daerah hilir di Nannup dan merupakan sumber airtanah yang keluar ke sungai. Sungai Blackwood mengalir melintasi Dataran Tinggi Blackwood. Selama musim kering, aliran permukaan ke dalam Sungai Blackwood dapat diabaikan, namun aliran dasar dari airtanah menjadi sumber utama bagi aliran sungai. Neraca air pada daerah studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa jaring-aliran dan kesetimbangan air guna mengevaluasi masukan airtanah dari akifer Yarragadee ke dalam Sungai Blackwood. Mayoritas sel-sel jaring-aliran adalah sel-sel keluaran dan kebanyakan aliran airtanah masuk ke dalam Sungai Blackwood di daerah studi. Curah hujan rata-rata tahunan area studi sekitar 6.7 x 10<sup>7</sup> m<sup>3</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>. Sekitar 9 % dari total curah hujan rata-rata tahunan ini masuk ke dalam tanah sebagai sumber bagi air tanah dan 91 % hilang melalui proses evapotranspirasi. Volume total airtanah yang masuk ke dalam Sungai Blackwood antara stasiun Darradup dan Layman Flat yang dihitung menggunakan analisis jarring-aliran dan kesetimbangan air sekitar 8.1 GL a<sup>-1</sup>.  </p>

scholarly journals Improvement of the ESA CCI Land cover maps for water balance analysis in tropical regions: A case study in the Muda River Basin, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100837
Author(s):  
Mou Leong Tan ◽  
Yi Lin Tew ◽  
Kwok Pan Chun ◽  
Narimah Samat ◽  
Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Land Cover Maps

scholarly journals Water balance assessment of Sajnam watershed, Lalitpur (U.P.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Jaiswal ◽  
T. Thomas ◽  
Jyoti P Patil ◽  
Meeta Gupta ◽  
V. C. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Main River ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Demand Scenario ◽  
Water Harvesting Structures

It is a well-known fact that it is not all possible to avoid droughts, but droughts can be managed to minimise the hardships of the local population. For this purpose, understanding of the supply-demand scenario is of utmost importance to understand the overall hydrology and planning needs of any watershed. It is in this direction, the comprehensive water balance analysis has been performed for the Sajnam watershed in Lalitpur district of Bundelkhand which is susceptible to regular and continuous droughts. The detailed water balance has been carried out after identification of important components and their quantification using the advance tools of Remote Sensing and GIS alongwith standard estimation techniques of individual components. It was observed that the runoff at the outlet of Sajnam basin is influenced by the water storage in the irrigation project located on the main river. The higher surface runoff of 668.53 MCM, 406.17 MCM, 343.46 MCM and 214.00 MCM is generated only during 2013-14, 2008-09, 2012-13 and 2010-11 respectively. During the remaining years, the runoff varied between 89.35 MCM and 209.81 MCM. Efforts can be initiated towards exploring the possibility of more water harvesting structures onthe lower order tributaries as well as artificial recharge measures depending on the hydro-geology of the watershed..

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