Tuning the enhanced coagulation process to obtain best chlorine and THM profiles in the distribution system

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fisher ◽  
G. Kastl ◽  
A. Sathasivan ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
J. van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
System A ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The Impact

Water treatment processes produce water with low turbidity and colour. It is also now becoming necessary to reduce DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) so that less chlorine is lost in a distribution system and less THMs (trihalomethanes) are formed. Enhanced coagulation (exceeding other requirements) at pH of about 5-6 is known to significantly reduce DOC so that acceptable water quality can be achieved at the tap. In this paper, models are integrated to project the impact of water treatment on water quality through the entire distribution system. A DOC removal model, which predicts DOC resulting from a given coagulant, its dose and the coagulation pH, is used to simulate the treatment. By linking this model of DOC removal with models of chlorine decay and THM formation, the impact of treatment on chlorine and THM concentrations in a distribution system can be simulated. This method was applied in a case study with relatively high initial DOC. It was shown that more DOC can be removed by using ferric coagulant than the current practice achieves. This would result in an improved chlorine profile and a substantial reduction in THM concentrations.

Biofilm formation potentials in drinking waters treated by different advanced treatment processes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okabe ◽  
T. Kokazi ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
The Impact

When biodegradable organic matter and other nutrients, such as ammonia and phosphorus, are not sufficiently removed during water treatment, bacteria may proliferate in the water distribution system. Bacterial regrowth deteriorates water quality (taste and odor), accelerates corrosion, and potentially increases the risk of microbial diseases. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the impact of four different advanced water treatment processes, including biological treatments such as a rotating biofilm membrane reactor (RBMR) and a biological activated carbon (BAC) filter and ultrafiltration (UF), on reduction of nutrient levels and biofilm formation potentials of the treated water entering model distribution systems (annular reactors). Our results revealed that biological treatments significantly improved the “biostability” of water leaving from the treatment plant. On average, The RBMR and BAC filter reduced easily assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration by half when compared with conventional treatment (multi-media filtration; MF) and ultrafiltration (from 35-49 to 18-23 mg C L-1). Consequently, biofilm formation potential was reduced by a factor of 5 to 10 (from 3,200-5,100 to 490-710 pg ATP cm-2). With respect to “biostability” of water, ultrafiltration was less effective in reducing AOC concentrations. In addition, the impact of chlorine disinfection on biofilm accumulation and AOC levels in the distribution system were studied.

Technology and Hospital Information System: A Case of Implementation of Electronic Clinical Records in Hospital Maternity Irene Neto in Lubango, Angola

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135
Author(s):  
Tomas Hambili Paulo Sanjuluca ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Correia ◽  
Anabela Antunes de Almeida ◽  
Ana Gloria Diaz Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
System A ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Retrospective Case Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Introduction: In order to have a good assessment of the quality of maternal and child health care, it is essential that there is up-to-date and reliable information. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the implementation of a computerized database of clinical processes in the admission, archive and medical statistics section, of Maternity hospital Irene Neto/Lubango-Angola. Methodology: A descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach to carry out a retrospective case study deliveries and newborns, records from 2014 to 2017. Final considerations: The implementation of this project may contribute to the improvement of clinical management support management of the hospital as well as facilitating access to information for research and scientific production.

The Impact of Political Transition on Ghana’s Educational System. A Case Study of the 4th Republic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Owusu-Kwarteng ◽  
Prince Opoku ◽  
Gershon Dagba ◽  
Mark Amankwa
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

Practical Guide to Determine the Impact of Radon and Other Radionuclides on Water Treatment Processes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264
Author(s):  
K. L. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Packed Tower ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Radioactivity Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Removal

During treatment of groundwater, radon is often coincidentally removed by processes typically used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-for example, processes such as liquid-phase granular activated carbon (LGAC) adsorption and air stripping with vapor-phase carbon (VGAC). The removal of radon from drinking water is a positive benefit for the water user; however, the accumulation of radon on activated carbon may cause radiologic hazards for the water treatment plant operators and the spent carbon may be considered a low-level radioactive waste. To date, most literature on radon removal by water treatment processes was based on bench- or residential-scale systems. This paper addresses the impact of radon on municipal and industrial-scale applications. Available data have been used todevelop graphical methods of estimating the radioactivity exposure rates to facility operators and determine the fate of spent carbon. This paper will allow the reader to determine the potential for impact of radon on the system design and operation as follows.Estimate the percent removal of radon from water by LGAC adsorbers and packed tower air strippers. Also, a method to estimate the percent removal of radon by VGAC used for air stripper off-gas will be provided.Estimate if your local radon levels are such that the safety guidelines, suggested by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), of 25 mR/yr (0.1 mR/day) for radioactivity exposure may or may not be exceeded.Estimate the disposal requirements of the waste carbon for LGAC systems and VGAC for air stripper “Off-Gas” systems. Options for dealing with high radon levels are presented.

Reliability Analysis of Power Distribution System: A Case Study of Mofor Injection Substation, Delta State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Joseph Ayamolowo ◽  
Chukwunonso Anthony Mmonyi ◽  
Samson Olasunkanmi Adigun ◽  
Olabisi Abdullahi Onifade ◽  
Kehinde Adetunji Adeniji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
System A
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