Wastewater treatment and biomass production by slow rate systems using different plant species

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Tzanakakis ◽  
N.V. Paranychianakis ◽  
S. Kyritsis ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Natural Treatment

Natural treatment systems especially those based on land treatment, remain the only viable choice for wastewater treatment and reuse in small rural communities. In order to develop the appropriate technology required a slow rate (SR) systems were established at Skalani, a small village close to Iracklio, Greece. The SR systems were planted with four plant species eucalyptus, acacia, poplars and reeds to evaluate their effects on wastewater treatment and produced biomass. Systems performance were evaluated by monitoring BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, NH3-N, NO3-N, FC, and TC in soil solution and soil samples taken from the 15, 30 and 60 cm of the soil depth. The SR systems, displayed a good performance as regards COD BOD, TKN, NH3-N and bacteria removal (TC and FC). However, relatively increased values of NO3 were detected in 60 cm. In terms of plant species used, there were no significant differences in treatment efficiency among the four SR systems. Although, significant differences were observed in biomass production with acacia trees producing the greatest amount of biomass followed by reeds, while the lowest one produced by eucalyptous and poplar trees.

scholarly journals Investigating the working efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems: A step towards sustainable systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Pinninti ◽  
Venkatesh Kasi ◽  
Sankar Rao Landa ◽  
Maheswaran Rathinasamy ◽  
Chandramouli Sangamreddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Working Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Globally, wastewater is a vital resource and requires appropriate treatment management strategies. Wastewater has become a major source of irrigation in the peri-urban areas of developing nations. With the increasing amount of wastewater generation, there are several complications in using treatment systems in terms of installation, operation and maintenance, and size in developing countries. Recently, natural treatment systems are gaining popularity due to less cost and maintenance and have been preferred in peri-urban settings. In this study, the working efficiency of the natural systems was assessed from case studies from Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. The nutrient (Phosphorous and Nitrogen content) and organic matter removal efficiency of four natural treatment systems (NTS) having different operation maintenance and loading rates were investigated. The study showed that natural treatment systems have good potential for peri-urban wastewater treatment. It was also observed that waste-stabilization based system perform better than those based on duckweed and hyacinth plants. Regularly maintained and operated systems show removal efficiency on the order of 80% for organic and nutrients and performed better than others. The study indicates that decentralized, adequately maintained Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) offer a viable, self-sustaining and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment to supply irrigation water in rural areas.

Performance of slow rate systems for treatment of domestic wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Tzanakakis ◽  
N.V. Paranychianakis ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla

The performance of slow rate (SR) systems in terms of treatment efficiency, environmental and health risks, and land sustainability was investigated over a three-year period in a rural community close to Iraklio, Greece. Four plant species (Acacia cyanophylla, Eucalyptus camandulensis, Populus nigra and Arundo donax) were used in order to investigate the role of vegetation in the treatment of wastewater and in biomass production. Wastewater effluent was pre-treated in a septic tank before its application to land. Applied hydraulic loading rates were based on crop water requirements which were determined separately for each plant species. The evaluation of treatment performance was accomplished by measuring COD, TKN, NH3-N, NO3-N, total and reactive P, TC and FC in soil solution samples taken at different depths (15, 30 and 60 cm). SR systems showed great potential for COD, TKN and NH4-N removal which reached 89, 90 and 94%, respectively at a depth of 15 cm. An outstanding removal was also observed for TC and FC which reached 99.99%. The concentration of both P and NO3-N in soil solution increased with the passage of time, but it was lower in winter. Despite the differences in the application rates among the SR systems planted with different plant species, the treatment efficiency was not affected. Moreover, increasing the soil depth from 15 to 60 cm had no effect on the treatment efficiency of the SR systems.

Constructed Wetlands

2015 ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Natural Treatment

Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods.

Constructed Wetlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 503-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Natural Treatment

Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods.

scholarly journals Management of wastewater in rural districts of Istanbul metropolitan municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2079-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ekrem Karpuzcu ◽  
Ali İnci ◽  
Mihriban H. Goktas ◽  
Izzet Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Decentralized systems play a big role in wastewater treatment in rural areas. The aims of this study are to address the wastewater treatment and disposal problems for rural districts of Istanbul, to discuss the efficiencies of currently operated systems and to offer new appropriate wastewater treatment systems for small communities having a population up to 5,000. The management and final disposal alternatives for sludge generated in septic tanks are also discussed within the scope of this study. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system serving 2,500 people and a hybrid constructed wetland system serving 500 people are presented as case studies. A thorough evaluation based on the capacity and performance of the existing wastewater treatment systems in rural districts revealed that a number of these systems are not operating at their optimum. Improperly constructed sewer lines receive a lot of infiltration and inflow (I & I) after rainfall events, decreasing treatment performance and causing operational difficulties. Natural treatment systems such as constructed wetlands prove a viable alternative in these communities, especially for villages with populations less than 500 people.

scholarly journals Survey of plant species present on Constructed Wetlands in Opalenica Municipality

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Marta Żmirek ◽  
Stanisław Gawroński
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Survey of plant species present on Constructed Wetlands in Opalenica Municipality The aim of this study was to analyse over fifty constructed wetlands established in two villages in Opalenica Municipality (Wielkopolska, Poland) differing in building time, prevailing hydrological and microclimatic conditions, appearance of macrophytes species and chosen plantation method. Two subsystems of constructed wetlands that are complementing one another, based on emergent macrophyte treatment system with vertical subsurface flow in plant filter and open water in denitrification ponds give the opportunity to the full-scale wastewater treatment performance. The main conclusions that can be drawn from this study regard the considerable role of the presence of macrophytes that significantly improve microbial activity, insulate against frost during winter, prevent from clogging and odour occurrence and improves value of the landscape. The conducted analyses proved that the establishment of this kind of semi-natural wastewater treatment system is becoming widely implemented into environmental protection schemes for rural communities.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER BY NATURAL SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Mehmet Karpuzcu ◽  
Nurdan Baykuş ◽  
Adem Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Filtration ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
And Performance

In recent centuries, issues such as efficient use of water resources, water quality and water supply have become important for many countries. Countries have focused on developing strategies that can protect water and using water in the most efficient way including treatment of wastewater. In addition, it has become important to provide sustainability of the natural treatment systems instead of complex and expensive wastewater treatment facilities that are rapidly developing. On the other hand, the researches on natural treatment of wastewater are still inadequate. Therefore, the feasibility and performance of new stragtegies about natural treatment systems should be developed and evaluated. For this purpose, a pilot facility was developed which utilizes a natural soil-column with different gradations in order to provide the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this way, not only the wastewater treatment performances of different soils but also some engineering properties of soils affected by wastewater filtration were examined. As a result of this research, it was found that soil filtration can be effective in the treatment of wastewater subjected to pre-sedimentation and can be affected by the pollutant load of the filtration environment.

DESIGN PLANNING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF NATA DE COCO INDUSTRY WITH THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda Rita K. Hartaja ◽  
Imam Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
High Level

Generally, wastewater of nata de coco industry contains suspended solids and COD were high, ranging from 90,000 mg / l. The high level of of the wastewater pollutants, resulting in nata de coco industry can not be directly disposed of its wastewater into the environment agency. Appropriate technology required in order to process the waste water so that the treated water can meet the environmental quality standards that are allowed. Designing the waste water treatment plant that is suitable and efficient for treating industrial wastewater nata de coco is the activated sludge process. Wastewater treatment using activated sludge process of conventional (standard) generally consists of initial sedimentation, aeration and final sedimentation.Keywords : Activated Sludge, Design, IPAL

Planning Replicable Small Flow Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Developing Nations

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaber ◽  
M. Antill ◽  
W. Kimball ◽  
R. Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technology Choice

The implementation of urban village wastewater treatment plants in developing countries has historically been primarily a function of appropriate technology choice and deciding which of the many needy communities should receive the available funding and priority attention. Usually this process is driven by an outside funding agency who views the planning, design, and construction steps as relatively insignificant milestones in the overall effort required to quickly better a community's sanitary drainage problems. With the exception of very small scale type sanitation projects which have relatively simple replication steps, the development emphasis tends to be on the final treatment plant product with little or no attention specifically focused on community participation and institutionalizing national and local policies and procedures needed for future locally sponsored facilities replication. In contrast to this, the Government of Egypt (GOE) enacted a fresh approach through a Local Development Program with the United States AID program. An overview is presented of the guiding principals of the program which produced the first 24 working wastewater systems including gravity sewers, sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants which were designed and constructed by local entities in Egypt. The wastewater projects cover five different treatment technologies implemented in both delta and desert regions.

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