Upgrading conventional treatment processes for water quality improvement - a pilot study

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
J.-J. Chen ◽  
H.-H. Yeh ◽  
I.-C. Tseng ◽  
T.-F. Lin ◽  
W.-L. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Pilot Plant Test ◽  
Plant Test

Cheng Ching Lake Water Works (CCLWW), located in southern Taiwan, draws its raw water from a eutrophic lake, which is treated by conventional processes, including pre-chlorination, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. As the taste- and odor-causing compounds from algae cannot be completely removed by conventional treatment processes, and the hardness is high, there are complaints about water quality. In searching for suitable processes to upgrade the existing facilities, a two-year pilot plant test was conducted. In total 13 processes were tested, which could be divided into three groups. The main feature of the first group was the modification of the existing conventional treatment processes, which included eliminating pre-chlorination and incorporating GAC. The second group incorporated pre- and post-ozonation, GAC bed, with or without pellet softening, into the conventional processes. The third group featured membrane processes, mainly nanofiltration (NF) and its various pretreatment processes, such as microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF). The results show that although the first group has higher removal rates of dissolved organic and disinfection by-product precursors, as measured by NPDOC and THMFP, respectively, than those from the existing full-scale plants, the improvement in taste and odour was not adequate. For the second group, the dissolved organic parameters and biostability of the finished water were further improved, and half of the total hardness could be removed by pellet softening. However, earthy and fishy odours still could be detected occasionally by flavour profile analysis. Generally speaking, the third group with processes involving NF could produce the highest quality finished water: no matter organic, inorganic, organoleptic parameters, or biostability were concerned.

Sensory evaluation of the odors produced during bromophenol formation using a multi-level statistical model

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
H. Al-Samarrai ◽  
J. Matud ◽  
K. Wiesenthal ◽  
P. Atiyah ◽  
A. Bruchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Flavor Profile Analysis ◽  
Flavor Profile

In response to reports of medicinal taste and odor problems in suburban Paris, a lab scale study was conducted to investigate the contribution of different water quality parameters - pH, phenol, bromide, chlorine, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels - on bromophenol medicinal odor formation using the Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA) method. A study of six parameters at 2 levels (64 experiments) analyzed by the FPA method suggests that chlorine at high concentration is more important as a controlling agent than phenol under similar conditions and the ratio of HOBr:Phenol and the time for reaction will control subsequent brominated products of reaction. Results from a three-level statistical model indicate that high pH was associated with lower odor intensities, whereas high levels of chlorine, phenol and temperature were associated with high odor intensities. Potential worst case scenarios of water quality conditions were determined for evaluation by chemical identification and kinetics.

Control of disinfection byproduct formation in Feng-Shan reservoir by the traditional treatment processes plus O3–pilot-plant test

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pon Yu Liu ◽  
Jerry J. Wu ◽  
Chih Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Treatment Utility ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pilot Plant Test ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Organic Precursors ◽  
Byproduct Formation

Two processes in the pilot plant were studied and compared to reduce the disinfection byproduct risk of the potable finished water of Feng-shan treatment utility in Taiwan. For 5 months study, two processes have both demonstrated to achieve a significant removal on the organic precursors of DBPs, including NPDOC and A-254. With the analysis of molecular weight distribution of organics in raw water, the study found the post ozonation plus BAC can provide additional enhancement in degrading organic contents. A process of coagulation/sedimentation/rapid sand filtration/post ozonation/BAC would be suggested as the advanced treatment process improving the supply quality of Feng-shan utility.

Modeling and risk analysis of bromate formation from ozonation of bromide-containing waters

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengao Song ◽  
Roger Minear ◽  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
Gary Amy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Other Hand

Empirical bromate formation models were developed from batch ozonation data to simulate the effects of important water quality characteristics and treatment processes on bromate formation. Bromate formation was favored at high pH, bromide concentration, alkalinity, and ozone dose. On the other hand, increasing DOC and ammonia concentration decreased bromate formation. Validation of the bromate models demonstrated that the models accurately simulated bromate formation. Risk analysis of bromate formation was performed on 5 utilities in which ozone was used, and it was concluded that under typical ozonation conditions, the associated risk related to bromate formation could be as high as 10−3.

scholarly journals Phosphorous Supply to a Eutrophic Artificial Lake: Sedimentary versus Groundwater Sources

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Wiebe Förster ◽  
Jan C. Scholten ◽  
Michael Schubert ◽  
Kay Knoeller ◽  
Nikolaus Classen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
Mass Balance Models

The eutrophic Lake Eichbaumsee, a ~1 km long and 280 m wide (maximum water depth 16 m) dredging lake southeast of Hamburg (Germany), has been treated for water quality improvements using various techniques (i.e., aeration plants, removal of dissolved phosphorous by aluminum phosphorous precipitation, and by Bentophos® (Phoslock Environmental Technologies, Sydney, Australia), adsorption) during the past ~15 years. Despite these treatments, no long-term improvement of the water quality has been observed and the lake water phosphorous content has continued to increase by e.g., ~670 kg phosphorous between autumn 2014 and autumn 2019. As no creeks or rivers drain into the lake and hydrological groundwater models do not suggest any major groundwater discharge into the lake, sources of phosphorous (and other nutrients) are unknown. We investigated the phosphorous fluxes from sediment pore water and from groundwater in the water body of the lake. Sediment pore water was extracted from sediment cores recovered by divers in August 2018 and February 2019. Diffusive phosphorous fluxes from pore water were calculated based on phosphorus gradients. Stable water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were measured in the lake water, in interstitial waters in the banks surrounding the lake, in the Elbe River, and in three groundwater wells close to the lake. Stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) water mass balance models were used to compute water inflow/outflow to/from the lake. Our results revealed pore-water borne phosphorous fluxes between 0.2 mg/m2/d and 1.9 mg/m2/d. Assuming that the measured phosphorous fluxes are temporarily and spatially representative for the whole lake, about 11 kg/a to 110 kg/a of phosphorous is released from sediments. This amount is lower than the observed lake water phosphorous increase of ~344 kg between April 2018 and November 2018. Water stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) compositions indicate a water exchange between an aquifer and the lake water. Based on stable isotope mass balances we estimated an inflow of phosphorous from the aquifer to the lake of between ~150 kg/a and ~390 kg/a. This result suggests that groundwater-borne phosphorous is a significant phosphorous source for the Eichbaumsee and highlights the importance of groundwater for lake water phosphorous balances.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ram ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
H. K. Pandey ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Chaurasia ◽  
Supriya Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Quality Of Water

AbstractGroundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

scholarly journals Assessment and distribution of water quality of Pandoh river basin (PRB), Himachal Pradesh, North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Prakasam ◽  
R. Saravanan ◽  
M. K. Sharma ◽  
Varinder S. Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
North India ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Northern India

AbstractAs the surface water in northern India is the main water resource for regional economic and also supply for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, deficiency of water quality leads to serious water pollution in the Pandoh river basin (PRB). Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to evaluate the quality of surface water. With this objective, surface water samples were collected from the PRB of northern India, and analyzed for pH, EC, turbidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness. Moreover, geographical information system (GIS) tools were used to prepare the geology, drainage pattern, and location maps of the study region. Surface water quality observed from the PRB has an alkaline nature with a moderately hard type. Further studies are encouraged to better understand the water quality in northern India.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Using an Integrated Approach of Entropy Weight and Stochastic Simulation: A Case Study in East Region of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7703
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Zhang ◽  
Ruitao Jia ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Zhuoran Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Weakly Alkaline

Groundwater is an important source of water in Beijing. Hydrochemical composition and water quality are the key factors to determine the availability of groundwater. Therefore, an improved integrated weight water quality index approach (IWQI) combining the entropy weight method and the stochastic simulation method is proposed. Through systematic investigation of groundwater chemical composition in different periods, using a hydrogeochemical diagram, multivariate statistics and spatial interpolation analysis, the spatial evolution characteristics and genetic mechanism of groundwater chemistry are discussed. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline and low mineralized water. The south part of the study area showed higher concentrations of total dissolved solids, total hardness and NO3−-N in the dry season and wet season, and the main hydrochemical types are HCO3−-Ca and HCO3−-Ca-Mg. The natural source mechanism of the groundwater chemical components in Chaoyang District includes rock weathering, dissolution and cation exchange, while the human-made sources are mainly residents and industrial activities. Improved IWQI evaluation results indicate that water quality decreases from southwest to northeast along groundwater flow path. The water quality index (WQI) method cannot reflect the trend of groundwater. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the improved IWQI method could describe the overall water quality reliably, accurately and stably.

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