International Report: Performance assessment in the water industry

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
International Report ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water

National contributions from 16 countries and additional information were used for an international state-of-the-art report on performance assessment (PA) in the water industry. The purposes of this international report are i) to discuss areas of PA within the water supply and wastewater sector, ii) to analyse aspects of practical relevance and iii) to look on future trends and developments. Several aspects of PA are discussed, such as the quality and the availability of data, the importance of definitions and explanatory factors, the use of information from PA, and practical aspects such as willingness to participate and costs. Standardised PA frameworks of the International Water Association (IWA), the World Bank, and the Water Utility Partnership are presented, and an outlook on research and development of PA tools is given.

Advances in benchmarking to improve water utility operations: a review of six IWA books

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford V. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Key Indicators

Six recent publications by the International Water Association underscore the growing importance of quantitative studies of water utilities for identifying (1) performance patterns, (2) trends in key indicators and (3) best practice. Since each author takes a different approach to the problem of performance measurement and incentives for improvement, the books provide different perspectives on the decision-relevance of empirical analysis and cases for managers and policymakers. Key lessons from the volumes include the use of benchmarking as a tool for establishing better internal incentives, the importance of data collection and auditing and the role of transparency in helping stakeholders become more informed about utility operations. Analysts need to help stakeholders understand sector complexities, where hydrology, topology, historical developments outside current management's control, population income levels and the amount of skilled labor differ widely across and even within nations. The six books taken together underscore the value of quantifying relative performance and improving our awareness of production processes and the institutional arrangements that support strong water sector performance.

scholarly journals Adapting the IWA water balance to intermittent water supply and flat-rate tariffs without customer metering

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miran Mastaller ◽  
Philipp Klingel
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water ◽  
The City

The International Water Association water balance is an approach applied worldwide for determining and analysing water losses in water distribution systems (WDS) up to the point of customer metering. Thus, water losses occurring ‘before’ a customer meter are at the expenses of the water utility while water lost or wasted ‘after’ the meter is paid for by the customer. This applies to systems where customer metering is in place and/or consumption is charged according to the consumed volumes. However, many WDS in the world lack customer meters, are operated intermittently and a considerable amount of water is lost or wasted within the private property, e.g. by overflows of private tanks. The flat-rate tariff applied might not cover this amount or part of the amount. Thus, actual consumption and wastage should be separately quantified or estimated with respect to the utility's water reduction measures and the calculation of revenue water. This paper presents a water balance approach adapted to WDS which are operated intermittently, lack customer metering and charge flat-rate tariffs as well as a methodology for establishing the balance. The application is demonstrated for a district metered area of the city of Tiruvannamalai, India.

PENGARUH UPAH MINUMUM TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA DI NEGARA DENGAN TINGKAT PENGHASILAN RATA-RATA YANG RENDAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veny Anindya Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Association Data

<p>The minimum wage is a macroeconomic issue that is still debated, Basically, the minimum wage policy aimed to protect workers, so that thet earn an adequate wages to finance the basic needs of their life. Practically, the minimum wage policy often encounters its purpose because it is regarged as miserable for those who have no expertise. This phenomenon is mainly happening in the low –avegrage- income countries that have many unskilled workers. Gahana, Indonesia, Costra Rica were used to be analyzed in this paper. According to International Water Association data year 2006, those countris earn income per capita less than US$ 9,200 and were categorized as low average – income countries. This research found that minimum wage impelentation in all three countries was not effective. When minimum wage policy was implemented, a lot of people felt aggrieved.</p><p>Keywords : Economic polict, Minimum wage, Income</p>

Benchmarking Risk Analysis Practice in the International Water Sector

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. MacGillivray ◽  
P.D. Hamilton ◽  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
L. Reekie ◽  
S.J.T Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Water ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
The Uk

Risk analysis in the water utility sector is fast becoming explicit. Here, we describe application of a capability model to benchmark the risk analysis maturity of a sub-sample of eight water utilities from the USA, the UK and Australia. Our analysis codifies risk analysis practice and offers practical guidance as to how utilities may more effectively employ their portfolio of risk analysis techniques for optimal, credible, and defensible decision making.

Good modelling practice in applying computational fluid dynamics for WWTP modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Wicklein ◽  
Damien J. Batstone ◽  
Joel Ducoste ◽  
Julien Laurent ◽  
Alonso Griborio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Applications ◽  
International Water

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling in the wastewater treatment (WWT) field is continuing to grow and be used to solve increasingly complex problems. However, the future of CFD models and their value to the wastewater field are a function of their proper application and knowledge of their limits. As has been established for other types of wastewater modelling (i.e. biokinetic models), it is timely to define a good modelling practice (GMP) for wastewater CFD applications. An International Water Association (IWA) working group has been formed to investigate a variety of issues and challenges related to CFD modelling in water and WWT. This paper summarizes the recommendations for GMP of the IWA working group on CFD. The paper provides an overview of GMP and, though it is written for the wastewater application, is based on general CFD procedures. A forthcoming companion paper to provide specific details on modelling of individual wastewater components forms the next step of the working group.

scholarly journals Implementation of the anaerobic digestion model (ADM1) in the PHREEQC chemistry engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Huber ◽  
Christophe Neyret ◽  
Eric Fourest
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Programming Effort ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Full Power ◽  
International Water ◽  
Multiple Mineral ◽  
Precipitation Phenomena

Anaerobic digestion is state-of-the-art technology to treat sludge and effluents from various industries. Modelling and optimisation of digestion operations can be advantageously performed using the anaerobic digestion model (ADM1) from the International Water Association. The ADM1, however, lacks a proper physico-chemical framework, which makes it difficult to consider wastewater of complex ionic composition and supersaturation phenomena. In this work, we present a direct implementation of the ADM1 within the PHREEQC chemistry engine. This makes it possible to handle ionic strength effects and ion-pairing. Thus, multiple mineral precipitation phenomena can be handled while resolving the ADM1. All these features can be accessed with very little programming effort, while retaining the full power and flexibility of PHREEQC. The distributed PHREEQC code can be easily interfaced with process simulation software for future plant-wide simulation of both wastewater and sludge treatment.

scholarly journals European Water Utility Management: Promoting Efficiency, Innovation and Knowledge in the Water Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Romano ◽  
Andrea Guerrini ◽  
Rui Cunha Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Industry ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
European Water

scholarly journals Physicians’ Experience and Willingness to Participate in Non-Interventional Trials in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil S. Kostov ◽  
Evgeni E. Grigorov ◽  
Hristina V. Lebanova
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
National Level ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Usual Manner ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Summary Non-interventional studies (NIS) are conducted to obtain additional information about a medicinal product prescribed in the usual manner in compliance with the conditions determined in the marketing authorization. They are a valuable source of real-world data for the effectiveness and safety of medicines. This study aims to assess physicians‘ knowledge of non-interventional studies in Bulgaria and identify the primary factors and barriers hindering the NIS at a national level. An individual anonymous questionnaire with 16 items was distributed among physicians in inpatient and outpatient settings. The results showed that 81.3% (n=147) of the respondents have no experience with non-interventional studies. Physicians‘ willingness to participate in NIS in the future is high and independent of their previous experience. The main barriers hindering conducting NIS in Bulgaria are related to organization, the conduct and the design of the trials, and, sometimes, the investigators‘ concerns. There is a need for proper training of the researchers and expanding healthcare resources to grow the NIS sector in Bulgaria in line with the tendencies in Europe.

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