A sensitive, semi-quantitative direct PCR-RFLP assay for simultaneous detection of five Cryptosporidium species in treated drinking waters and mineral waters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.B. Nichols ◽  
C.A. Paton ◽  
B.M. Campbell ◽  
J. Wastling ◽  
H.V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

We describe a semi-quantitative PCR-RFLP method for detecting low densities of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts present in final drinking water samples and natural mineral waters. UK Standard Operating Protocols were used to concentrate oocysts from drinking water samples. Oocysts were concentrated from mineral waters by membrane filtration. Cryptosporidium oocysts identified by epifluorescence microscopy on slides or filters were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR-RFLP analysis. Oocysts were disrupted by freeze-thawing in lysis buffer. Amplicons were readily detected from 2 to 5 intact oocysts on ethidium bromide stained gels following 1 round of PCR. DNA extracted from C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi, human-derived C. meleagridis, and C. felis were used to confirm species identity by PCR-RFLP following simultaneous digestion with DraI and VspI.

Duplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus isolated from drinking water samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jothikumar ◽  
R. Paulmurugan ◽  
P. Padmanabhan ◽  
R. Balathiripura Sundari ◽  
S. Kamatchiammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

scholarly journals Comparison of Membrane Filtration and Multiple-Tube Fermentation by the Colilert and Enterolert Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliform Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci Used in Drinking and Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in Southern Sweden

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 3079-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Eckner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

ABSTRACT A total of 338 water samples, 261 drinking water samples and 77 bathing water samples, obtained for routine testing were analyzed in duplicate by Swedish standard methods using multiple-tube fermentation or membrane filtration and by the Colilert and/or Enterolert methods. Water samples came from a wide variety of sources in southern Sweden (Skåne). The Colilert method was found to be more sensitive than Swedish standard methods for detecting coliform bacteria and of equal sensitivity for detecting Escherichia coli when all drinking water samples were grouped together. Based on these results, Swedac, the Swedish laboratory accreditation body, approved for the first time in Sweden use of the Colilert method at this laboratory for the analysis of all water sources not falling under public water regulations (A-krav). The coliform detection study of bathing water yielded anomalous results due to confirmation difficulties. E. coli detection in bathing water was similar by both the Colilert and Swedish standard methods as was fecal streptococcus and enterococcus detection by both the Enterolert and Swedish standard methods.

scholarly journals High rate of drinking water contamination due to poor storage in squatter settlements in Mwanza, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
Oswald E. Mpelasoka ◽  
Humphrey D. Mazigo ◽  
Laura McLeod ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Squatter Settlements ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Background: Drinking water of acceptable quality is supposed to be free from faecal coliform and chemical substances that may be hazardous to human health. Water treatment and safe storage at the household level has been advocated as effective means of ensuring safe drinking water. This study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of the drinking water at household level in the squatter settlements in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2014.  A total of 15 randomly selected water sources (tap) and 207 households’ drinking water samples from these sources were studied to ascertain level of water contamination using Membrane Filtration Method. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic and other data regarding water treatment and storage.  Data were entered, cleaned and analysed using STATA Version 11.Results:  All 15 samples from tap used as water sources were found to be free of indicator organism (Escherichia coli) while 109 (52.66%) of drinking water samples from 207 households were found to be contaminated with E. coli.  All contaminated drinking water samples were from containers with no cover and spigot. Conclusions: There is a significant level of deterioration of water quality from the source to the drinking cup. Efforts to ensure quality storage methods for drinking water should be addressed at household level.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

scholarly journals Potential endocrine disruptor activity of drinking water samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e983384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marize de Lm Solano ◽  
Cassiana C Montagner ◽  
Carolina Vaccari ◽  
Wilson F Jardim ◽  
Janete A Anselmo-Franci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Drinking Water Samples
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