Comparison of UV and chlorine pretreatment in pilot plant micro-filter membrane separation for drinking water

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
J.Y. Huang ◽  
S. Takizawa ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Solids Removal

Methods to control bio-fouling, i.e. UV-irradiation and chlorination pretreatment were evaluated in dead-end membrane filtration. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out at Kosuzume Water Purification Plant, which is located at the Sagami River in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As a result, both UV-irradiation and chlorination strongly suppressed the increase of transmembrane pressure and prevented bio-fouling. However, in the case of pre-chlorination, the membrane color changed from white to brown after a long use, causing irreversible membrane fouling due probably to manganese adsorption. Suspended solids removal by membrane filtration decreased the formation potential for CHCl3, but didn't affect the CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials. Pre-chlorination, however, increased both CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials, thus making up for the reduction in CHCl3 formation potential due to membrane filtration. UV-irradiation pretreatment combined with membrane filtration in the water purification process is regarded as an accessible method and was proved effective in controlling bio-fouling, which gave us a better water quality without increasing trihalomethanes in contrast to pre-chlorination.

scholarly journals Potential Pitfalls in Membrane Fouling Evaluation: Merits of Data Representation as Resistance Instead of Flux Decline in Membrane Filtration

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Blankert ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen ◽  
Amy E. Childress ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Filtration Flux

The manner in which membrane-fouling experiments are conducted and how fouling performance data are represented have a strong impact on both how the data are interpreted and on the conclusions that may be drawn. We provide a couple of examples to prove that it is possible to obtain misleading conclusions from commonly used representations of fouling data. Although the illustrative example revolves around dead-end ultrafiltration, the underlying principles are applicable to a wider range of membrane processes. When choosing the experimental conditions and how to represent fouling data, there are three main factors that should be considered: (I) the foulant mass is principally related to the filtered volume; (II) the filtration flux can exacerbate fouling effects (e.g., concentration polarization and cake compression); and (III) the practice of normalization, as in dividing by an initial value, disregards the difference in driving force and divides the fouling effect by different numbers. Thus, a bias may occur that favors the experimental condition with the lower filtration flux and the less-permeable membrane. It is recommended to: (I) avoid relative fouling performance indicators, such as relative flux decline (J/J0); (II) use resistance vs. specific volume; and (III) use flux-controlled experiments for fouling performance evaluation.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Oxidation on Coagulation/Ceramic Membrane Treatment of Yangtze River Water

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Shengji Xia ◽  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Yuanchen Zhao ◽  
Fibor J. Tan ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Membrane Treatment

The membrane separation process is being widely used in water treatment. It is very important to control membrane fouling in the process of water treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a pre-oxidation-coagulation flat ceramic membrane filtration process using different oxidant types and dosages in water treatment and membrane fouling control. The results showed that under suitable concentration conditions, the effect on membrane fouling control of a NaClO pre-oxidation combined with a coagulation/ceramic membrane system was better than that of an O3 system. The oxidation process changed the structure of pollutants, reduced the pollution load and enhanced the coagulation process in a pre-oxidation-coagulation system as well. The influence of the oxidant on the filtration system was related to its oxidizability and other characteristics. NaClO and O3 performed more efficiently than KMnO4. NaClO was more conducive to the removal of DOC, and O3 was more conducive to the removal of UV254.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Controlled by Adjustment of Biological Treatment Parameters in Step-Aerating MBR

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dimitra C. Banti ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas ◽  
Petros Samaras
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fouling Reduction

A promising solution for membrane fouling reduction in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) could be the adjustment of operating parameters of the MBR, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), food/microorganisms (F/M) loading and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, aiming to modify the sludge morphology to the direction of improvement of the membrane filtration. In this work, these parameters were investigated in a step-aerating pilot MBR that treated municipal wastewater, in order to control the filamentous population. When F/M loading in the first aeration tank (AT1) was ≤0.65 ± 0.2 g COD/g MLSS/d at 20 ± 3 °C, DO = 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L and HRT = 1.6 h, the filamentous bacteria were controlled effectively at a moderate filament index of 1.5–3. The moderate population of filamentous bacteria improved the membrane performance, leading to low transmembrane pressure (TMP) at values ≤2 kPa for a great period, while at the control MBR the TMP gradually increased reaching 14 kPa. Soluble microbial products (SMP), were also maintained at low concentrations, contributing additionally to the reduction of ΤΜP. Finally, the step-aerating MBR process and the selected imposed operating conditions of HRT, F/M and DO improved the MBR performance in terms of fouling control, facilitating its future wider application.

Treatment of highly-colored surface water by a hybrid microfiltration membrane system incorporating ion-exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyoshi ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Nitisoravut ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Filtration System

Abstract This study investigated the performance of a hybrid membrane filtration system to produce industrial water from highly-colored surface water. The system consists of a membrane filtration process with appropriate pretreatments, including coagulation, pre-chlorination, and anion exchange (IE) process. The results of the pilot-scale experiments revealed that the hybrid system can produce treated water with color of around 5 Pt-Co, dissolved manganese concentration of no more than 0.05 mg/L, and a silt density index (SDI) of no more than 5 when sufficient coagulant and sodium hypochlorite were dosed. Although the IE process effectively reduced the color of the water, a moderate increase in the color of the IE effluent was observed when there was a significant increase in the color of the raw water. This resulted in a severe membrane fouling, which was likely to be attributed to the excess production of inorganic sludge associated with the increased coagulant dosage required to achieve sufficient reduction of color. Such severe membrane fouling can be controlled by optimising the backwashing and relaxation frequencies during the membrane filtration. These results indicate that the hybrid system proposed is a suitable technology for treating highly-colored surface water.

Membrane Fouling and Hybrid Membrane Filtration System in Water Purification

MEMBRANE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Fujii ◽  
Sadaki Samitsu ◽  
Izumi Ichinose
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Filtration System

scholarly journals In-Situ Ultrasound-Assisted Control of Polymeric Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Westphalen Dornelas Camara Heloisa
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Maximum Increase

Membrane separation processes have been more widely applied to industrial activities, especially in water and wastewater treatment. However, there are still challenges associated to the use of membranes. Concentration polarization and fouling can cause significant permeate flux decay during the filtration process, hindering its efficiency and increasing cost. Among many strategies, the combination of membrane filtration with ultrasound (US) application has shown promising results in reducing membrane fouling. The main goal of this research was to identify the effect of US frequency, US power intensity and feed solution concentration on permeate flux during ultrafiltration of simulated latex paint effluent. Maximum increase in permeate flux of 19.7% was obtained by applying 20 kHz and 0.29 W.cm-2 to feed solution with 0.075 wt.% of solid concentration. The effect of feed flow rate was analyzed showing that an increase in feed flowrate is not beneficial to the fouling minimization process. Overall, the application of US improves permeate flux by reducing fouling of ultrafiltration polymeric membrane.

scholarly journals Assessing Enzyme Immobilization on Reverse Asymmetric Membranes and Biocatalytic Reactor Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirah Syakirah Zahirulain ◽  
Fauziah Marpani ◽  
Syazana Mohamad Pauzi ◽  
'Azzah Nazihah Che Abd Rahim ◽  
Hang Thi Thuy Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Reverse Mode ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
Product Separation

Abstract Integration of membrane filtration and biocatalysis has appealing benefits in terms of simultaneous substrate conversion and product separation in one reactor. Nevertheless, the interaction between enzymes and membrane is complex and the mechanism of enzyme docking on membrane is similar to membrane fouling. In this study, focus is given on the assessment of enzyme immobilization mechanism on reverse asymmetric polymer membrane based on the permeate flux data during the procedure. Evaluation of membrane performance in terms of its permeability, fouling mechanisms, enzyme loading, enzyme reusability and biocatalytic productivity were also conducted. Alcohol Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), able to catalyze formaldehyde to methanol with subsequent oxidation of NADH to NAD was selected as the model enzyme. Two commercial, asymmetric, flat sheet polymer membranes (PES and PVDF) were immobilized with the enzyme in the reverse mode. Combination of concentration polarization phenomenon and pressure driven filtration successfully immobilized almost 100% of the enzymes in the feed solutions. The biocatalytic membrane reactor recorded more than 90% conversion, stable permeate flux with no enzyme leaching even after 5 cycles. The technique showing promising results to be expanded to continuous membrane separation setup for repeated use of enzymes.

Treatment of waste thermal waters by ozonation and nanofiltraton

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Kiss ◽  
A. Szép ◽  
S. Kertész ◽  
C. Hodúr ◽  
Z. László
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Ozone Pretreatment ◽  
High Organic Content

After their use for heating, e.g. in greenhouses, waste thermal waters may cause environmental problems due to their high contents of ions, and in some cases organic matter (associated with an oxygen demand) or toxic compounds. The aims of this work were to decrease the high organic content of waste thermal water by a combination of ozone treatment and membrane separation, and to investigate the accompanying membrane fouling. The results demonstrated that the chemical oxygen demand and the total organic content can be effectively decreased by a combination of ozone pretreatment and membrane filtration. Ozone treatment is more effective for phenol elimination than nanofiltration alone: with a combination of the two processes, 100% elimination efficiency can be achieved. The fouling index b proved to correlate well with the fouling and polarization layer resistances.

An integrated wastewater reuse concept combining natural reclamation techniques, membrane filtration and metal oxide adsorption

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sperlich ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
M. Jekel ◽  
M. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

In a Sino-German research project, a sustainable water reclamation concept was developed for different applications of municipal water reuse at the Olympic Green 2008 in Beijing, China. Results from pilot-scale experiments in Beijing and Berlin show that selective nutrient removal by adsorption onto granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) after a membrane bioreactor (MBR) can maintain a total phosphorus concentration of <0.03 μg L−1 P, thus preventing eutrophication of artificial lakes. Operation time of GFH adsorption columns can be extended by regeneration using sodium hydroxide solution. A subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) membrane after bank filtration creates an additional barrier for pathogens and allows for further urban reuse applications such as toilet flushing. Short term bank / bio-filtration prior to UF is shown to effectively remove biopolymers and reduce membrane fouling.

The fouling characterization and control in the high concentration PAC membrane bioreactor HCPAC-MBR

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Seo ◽  
S.W. Jang ◽  
S.H. Lee ◽  
C.H. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nakdong River Basin ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Operation Period

This study focuses on the experimental investigation to identify the effect of PAC at high concentrations on the fouling of membranes. A pilot-scale experimental apparatus was installed at a water treatment plant located downstream of Nakdong river basin, Korea. Effluent of rapid sand filter was used as influent of the system, which consists of PAC bio-reactor, submerged membrane module (hollow fiber with pore size 0.1 μm) and air supply facility. PAC was dosed at 40 g/L initially and it was not replaced during the operation period. Suction type filtration was carried out at intervals of 12 min. suction and 3 min. idling. At the initial flux 0.36 m/d, the system could be operated stably for around 90 days at target trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of 40 kPa. Among total resistance of membrane filtration, cake and gel layer resistance, Rc+Rg, was the dominant fraction (more than 90% of the total) to increase the filtration pressure, which means that the filtration resistance could be controlled by the PAC cake layer and then irreversible membrane fouling could be prevented. Three minutes air backwashing every 3 days could extend the operation period to 127 days. Organics were analyzed in terms of molecular weight structure. The influent of the system consists of 15.0% and 74.4% of hydrophobic and hydrophilic natural organic matter (NOM), respectively. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic (electrostatic) interaction was the main factor on fouling of the membrane in the reactor. Hydrophobic fraction decreased slightly in the effluent, which means hydrophobic NOM removal in the reactor by adsorption. Organics accumulated in the membrane were extracted for analysis after a certain period of operation. The fraction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organics was 41.4% and 38.9%, respectively. On the basis of the experimental results, the hydrophobic organics were the major materials causing the fouling of the membrane, which should be changed to other types of material.

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