A novel biofilm-membrane reactor for advanced drinking water treatment - pilot scale study

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
N. Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Washing ◽  
Pre Treatment

The authors have proposed a novel biofilm-membrane reactor (BMR) in which nitrifying biofilm is fixed on the surface of the rotating membrane disk. With this reactor, both strict solid-liquid separation and oxidation of ammonia nitrogen can be simultaneously performed. Based on the knowledge obtained in the previous experiments with the bench-scale equipment, a pilot scale study was conducted using river water at a water purification plant. The results obtained in the pilot study can be summarized as follows: (1) A pilot scale BMR worked successfully even with the water from an actual drinking water source. By implementation of pre-treatment (coagulation and sedimentation), the filter run could be continued for more than 8 months without any chemical washing. (2) The sponge cleaning developed in this study was found to be very effective. This indicates that the accumulated cake resistance is dominant in the practical situation. (3) Sufficient nitrification was observed when water temperature was high. (4) In addition to the nitrification, biological oxidation of AOC and manganese can be expected with the BMR. In this study, both AOC and manganese concentration in the permeate decreased to a level less than 10 μg/L.

Performance and membrane foulant in the pilot operation of a novel biofilm-membrane reactor

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Chemical Washing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

We have developed a novel biofilm-membrane reactor (BMR) in which a nitrifying biofilm is fixed on the surface of a rotating membrane disk. With this reactor, both strict solid-liquid separation and oxidation of ammonia nitrogen can be simultaneously performed. Based on the results obtained in previous bench-scale experiments, a pilot-scale study was conducted using river water at a water purification plant. The results obtained in the pilot study can be summarized as follows. (1) By implementation of pre-treatment (coagulation and sedimentation) and simple membrane cleaning (sponge cleaning), the filter run could be continued for 17 months without any chemical washing. (2) Sufficient nitrification was observed when water temperature was high. Deterioration in nitrification efficiency during winter was reduced by the addition of phosphorus. (3) In addition to nitrification, biological oxidation of AOC and manganese can be expected with the BMR. In this study, both AOC and manganese concentration in the permeate decreased to a level less than 10 μg/L. (4) Irreversible membrane fouling, which was thought to be mainly caused by manganese, became significant as the operation period became longer.

Tracking disinfection by-products and arsenic removal during various drinking water treatment trains

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3169-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Tubić ◽  
Božo Dalmacija ◽  
Jasmina Agbaba ◽  
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas ◽  
Mile Klašnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
By Products

In the central Banat region (Northern Serbia), groundwater is used as a drinking water source. Raw water originates from a 40–80 m and 100–150 m deep layer. It contains a high amount of natural organic matter (DOC = 9.17 ± 0.87 mg C/L) with a trihalomethanes formation potential of 448 ± 88.2 μg/L and a haloacetic acid formation potential of 174 ± 68.9 μg/L. A high amount of arsenic (86.0 ± 3.4 μg/L) is also found in this water. This study used a pilot-scale system to investigate the possibilities of combining polyaluminium chloride and ferrous-chloride to remove disinfection by-products precursors and arsenic by coagulation. Two treatment trains with different pre-treatment steps were investigated (ozone vs. H2O2/O3). For the final water polishing, filtration with granulated activated carbon (GAC) was applied. Both investigated treatment lines achieved a satisfactory chemical water quality. Simulation of disinfection conditions was performed and the contents of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids measured, to investigate whether the chemical quality of the water remained satisfactory over a 48 hour period.

Biological pre-treatment system for ammonia removal from slightly contaminated river used as a drinking water source

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Yi-Ju Wu ◽  
Yi-Wen Liu ◽  
Hai-Hsuan Cheng ◽  
Chih-Wen Ke ◽  
Tsair-Fuh Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Households Drinking Water Sources and Treatment Methods Options in a Regional Irrigation Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Emmy C. Kerich
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Hand Weeding

Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major challenge to the people living around Ahero Irrigation Scheme (AIS). Water sources in the area are constantly and increasingly polluted by agrochemical like pesticides from rice farming. 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide extensively used in AIS. The neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and hepatoxic effects of (2,4-D) have been well documented. Residues of (2,4-D) have been documented in ponds, rivers, lakes and irrigation canals. Therefore this study surveyed agrochemicals used in AIS, the drinking water source for the residents and finally water treatment option for the obtained water in the year 2013. The study established that (52.8%) of the farmers used hand-weeding and 20.8% of them use (2,4-D) for the weeds control. Results indicated that the most preferred water source was lined improved well (47.2%) followed by irrigation canal (22.2%), the least preferred was rain water with (2.8%). The most used method of water treatment was chlorination (45.8%). Spearman’s coefficient of correlation ( ) revealed that there was positive correlation between the two variables ( =0.145, 72, p=0.224>0.05). As  is positive, it implies that the type of treatment given to water depend on its source of the water. Despite the use of chlorinate with almost half of the residents, some of them (22.2%) do not treat their water at all, which may pose a risk of getting water related diseases. Furthermore, despite a proportional number of residents obtaining their water from irrigation canal, all of them do not have appropriate method/s for treating water contaminated with organic pollutants such as herbicides. There is a need to promote water appropriate drinking water treatment method/s in the study area to prevent water related diseases at the family level. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-01-02 Full Text: PDF

Pilot scale evaluation of biofiltration as an innovative pre-treatment for ultrafiltration membranes for drinking water treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Huck ◽  
S. Peldszus ◽  
C. Hallé ◽  
H. Ruiz ◽  
X. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Ozone Addition ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uf Membranes

Fouling remains one of the major constraints on the use of low pressure membranes in drinking water treatment. Work over the last few years has shown the importance of biopolymers (carbohydrates and protein-like material) as foulants for ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The purpose of this study was to investigate at pilot scale the use of rapid biofiltration (without prior coagulation or ozone addition) as an innovative pretreatment to reduce fouling of UF membranes. The investigation was carried out on a water with a higher than average DOC and significant temperature variation. The biofilters, each operated at a hydraulic loading of 5 m/h, had empty bed contact times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The membrane unit was operated at a flux equivalent to 60 LMH at 20°C. The investigation confirmed the encouraging results obtained in an earlier smaller scale study with essentially the same water. Increased biofiltration contact time (i.e. increased bed depth) led to lower rates of hydraulically irreversible fouling. The initial biofiltration backwash procedure, involving air scour as is common in chemically assisted filtration, led in some cases to an increased rate of membrane fouling immediately after the backwash. An alternative backwashing strategy was developed, however the feasibility of operating with this approach over very long periods of time needs to be confirmed. To assist in full-scale implementation of this “green” and simple pretreatment, the design and operating conditions for the biofilters should be optimized for various types of waters. It is expected that biofiltration pretreatment will be of particular interest for small and/or isolated systems where a higher initial capital cost may be acceptable because of operational simplicity and reduced chemical requirements.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Community of bacteria attached on the PVDF MF membrane surface fouled from drinking water treatment, in Seoul, Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chon ◽  
K. Chon ◽  
J.-S. Chang ◽  
H. Oh ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Gamma Proteobacteria ◽  
Alpha Beta

Abstract. Alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria comprise approximately 68, 16, and 7% of all identified bacteria. In this study, bacterial communities that had fouled polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membranes, which are used for drinking water treatment, over an 18 month period were analyzed using the 16s rRNA gene clone library method. The alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria were composed of mainly Bradyrhizobium and Rhodopseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Legionella, respectively. The presence of a relatively high amount of alpha proteobacteria was due to the oligotrophic condition of the drinking water source, the Han River, tested in this specific case study. The second most prominent bacteria community was the beta proteobacteria, which are typically found in a freshwater environment. This finding supports the notion that the drinking water source was relatively clean. Analyses of the organic foulants indicated that they were most likely from extra cellular polymers and/or cell fractured chemicals from bacteria or micro-organisms, as identified using organic characterizing tools, including 3-D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and Fourier transform IR analyses.

The Removal Effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae and Mutagenicity in Urban Water Source with Chlorine Dioxie

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Xing Bin Sun ◽  
Fu Yi Cui ◽  
Zhao Chao Hou ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Molecular State ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
By Products

Chironomus kiiensis larvae which cannot be exterminated by conventional disinfection process propagates prolifically in eutrophic water body, and it therefore turns to be a potential problem encountered in drinking water quality. In order to tackle this problem, a pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomus kiiensis larvae with chlorine dioxide in a waterworks is performed. The experiment results showed that Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be effectively removed from water by 0.55 mg/L chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation combined with the conventional drinking water treatment process. Higher oxidizability and molecular state of chlorine dioxide in water is the key to the inactivation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae. The chlorite, disinfection by-products (DBPs) of chlorine dioxide, is stable at 0.217 mg/L, which is lower than that critical value of the WHO. Ames test revealed that the mutagenicity was reduced by chlorine dioxide with respect to prechlorine. The propagation of Chironomus kiiensis larvae can be inactivated effectively and safely by chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation.

scholarly journals Implications for Emergency Response to the Severe Odor Incident Occurred in Source Water: Potential Odorants and Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Guo ◽  
Zhaoxia Li ◽  
Tianming Chen ◽  
Bairen Yang ◽  
Cheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
And Control

Abstract Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identified the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the effluent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identified successfully in the source water of QT River and the effluent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identified odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the effluent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, propyl disulfide, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identified odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scientific basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Microcystins and Taste-and-Odor Compounds in Drinking Water Source and Their Removal in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plant

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Shang ◽  
Muhua Feng ◽  
Xiangen Xu ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Fan Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Odor Compounds

The co-occurrence of cyanotoxins and taste-and-odor compounds are a growing concern for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) suffering cyanobacteria in water resources. The dissolved and cell-bound forms of three microcystin (MC) congeners (MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR) and four taste-and-odor compounds (geosmin, 2-methyl isoborneol, β-cyclocitral and β-ionone) were investigated monthly from August 2011 to July 2012 in the eastern drinking water source of Lake Chaohu. The total concentrations of microcystins and taste-and-odor compounds reached 8.86 μg/L and 250.7 ng/L, respectively. The seasonal trends of microcystins were not consistent with those of the taste-and-odor compounds, which were accompanied by dominant species Microcystis and Dolichospermum. The fate of the cyanobacteria and metabolites were determined simultaneously after the processes of coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorination in the associated full-scale DWTP. The dissolved fractions with elevated concentrations were detected after some steps and the breakthrough of cyanobacteria and metabolites were even observed in finished water. Chlorophyll-a limits at intake were established for the drinking water source based on our investigation of multiple metabolites, seasonal variations and their elimination rates in the DWTP. Not only microcystins but also taste-and-odor compounds should be taken into account to guide the management in source water and in DWTPs.

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