scholarly journals Human urine as a source of nutrients for maize and its impacts on soil quality at Arba Minch, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinfe Kassa ◽  
Yesuf Ali ◽  
Wubishet Zewdie
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
And Control

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted at Arba Minch, Ethiopia to study the effects of urine on soil properties and yield of maize in natural settings. The pot treatments consisted of 500, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 ml of neat human urine collected from a UDDT (Urine Diversion Dry Toilet) added at different portions and control. The results showed that the response of the maize for most of the variables was very well expressed or significantly different at the application rate of 500 ml of urine; however, there was no significant difference between the 500 ml and the rest of the application. A significant increase in height, diameter, and length of leaf of maize was found in the urine treated soils. An improvement in soil phosphate chemical properties was noticed with increasing addition of urine; however, there was no significant increase in the ammonium nitrogen content and pH. The salinity of treated soil significantly increased at the bottom of the pot when compared with the control. In order to limit the increase in salinity of the soil and to get optimum maize growth in natural conditions, 500 ml urine addition per maize is recommended. The findings encourage the use of urine as fertilizer and a possible sink for UDDT waste.

scholarly journals Metal Based-oxide Nanoparticles Assisted the Uptake of the Essential Elements and Phytoremediation of Populus Alba : Essential Metabolic Processes and Genetic Stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Ahmed ◽  
Mostafa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed S. Mansour ◽  
Ahmed N. Emam ◽  
Ashraf B. Abd El-Razik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
And Control

Abstract The present study evaluated the phytoremediation activities of Populus alba upon using nano metal-based-oxides (i.e., Fe2O3, ZnO, and Mn2O3-NPs) as analogues of three main heavy metals Fe, Zn and Mn exist in soil as micronutrients at three different concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) compared to the control. The as-prepared nanoparticles have been prepared via co-precipitation method. In addition, the physico-chemical properties were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering techniques. Overall, a significant difference in the biomass production-related parameters such as fresh weight, shoot length, root length, and root number compared to control upon the treatment with micronutrients-based nano-metal-oxides (i.e., Mn2O3 > Fe2O3 > ZnO NPs, respectively), except a significant increase in the root number of Populus alba plant upon their treatment with ZnO NPs compared to other prepared nano-metal-oxides and control. Also, a remarkable increase in the chlorophyll index was monitored upon treatment with Fe2O3 than other used Mn2O3 and ZnO NPs, respectively. Moreover, RAPD-PCR bioassays were applied and the actual 6 primers showed a genetic variation percentage of 34.17% indicating that Populus alba is highly genetically stable even in a highly contaminated environment/soil. All these data enhance the idea of using the Populus alba plant in phytoremediation and heavy metal uptake as micronutrients to clean up the surroundings.

Land application technique for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Zain ◽  
H. Basri ◽  
F. Suja' ◽  
O. Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Treated Soil

Some of the major concerns when applying sewage sludge to land include the potential effect on pH and cation exchange capacity; the mobility and the accumulation of heavy metals in sludge treated soil; the potential of applying too much nutrients and the problems associated with odors and insects. The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of sewage sludge application on the physical and chemical properties of sludge treated soil. Sewage sludge was applied to soil at various rates ranging from 0 L/m2 to 341 L/m2. In order to simulate the natural environment, the study was carried out at a pilot treatment site (5.2 m × 6.7 m) in an open area, covered with transparent roofing material to allow natural sunlight to pass through. Simulated rain was applied by means of a sprinkler system. Data obtained from sludge treated soil showed that the pH values decreased when the application rates were increased and the application period prolonged. The effect of sewage sludge on cation exchange capacity was not so clear; the values obtained for every application rate of sewage sludge did not indicate any consistent behaviour. The mobility of heavy metals in soils treated with sludge were described by observing the changes in the concentration of the heavy metals. The study showed that Cd has the highest mobility in sludge treated soil followed by Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb.

scholarly journals Production and Physiochemical Evaluation of Fresh Cow Milk-based Beverage

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Christopher Nsaighamu Lawir ◽  
Qrisstuberg Msughter Amua ◽  
Samuel Peter Malu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Beverage Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this work was to produce and evaluate the physiochemical properties of cow milk based beverage made from a blend of cow milk, honey, cocoa powder, ginger and garlic. The  composition of the samples were as follows: sample A (1 L cow milk), sample B (1 L cow milk, 0.12 L honey, 25 g cocoa powder), sample B served as base ingredients for samples C and D and prepared 1% ginger, 0.5% garlic were added to samples C and D, respectively. Sample A and sample E (vitamilk), respectively served as control I and control II. The chemical properties and proximate composition of the milk beverage samples were investigated. The result of chemical properties showed that the pH values ranged from 6.11 to 6.52 and were all slightly acidic while the percentage titratable acidity had the highest value of 0.168 for sample D and the least value of 0.086 for sample A. In terms of proximate composition, sample A had the highest percentage moisture content of 90.75±0.21 while sample C had the least moisture content of 87.7±0.28. The % protein, carbohydrate, fat, and ash contents increased as 1% ginger and 0.5% garlic were added to samples C and D and were significantly difference (P<0.05) for all the samples. Sample C had the highest value of 5.15% protein content while sample A had the least value of 2.85%. The percentage ash content ranged from 0.96±0.007 to 0.58±0.007. The fiber content of all the samples were below 2.25±0.007. A similar trend was also observed for the values of minerals and vitamins which showed a significant difference (P<0.05). This work has shown that there is improved nutritional content of the samples B, C and D which will go a long way to alleviate malnutrition. The pH of all the samples were near neutral, this could negatively affect the shelf stability of the milk beverage as a result of possible microbial infestation and thus there is every need to keep the product always refrigerated before use or should be consumed fresh.

scholarly journals Effect of arginine and selenium with vitamin E in some biochemical properties of Inseminated ewes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
I Alawiy ◽  
T Mohammed ◽  
A Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
And Control

The study was conducted in one of the fields of the private sector within Basaaer the village of the district of Hit / Anbar at 180 km west of Baghdad, during the period from 17/4/2018 to 30/5/2018. 28 ewes with an age of 2-4 years with a weight of 40-50 kg with at least one birth. All ewes were tested using ultrasonography to ensure that they were free of pregnancy before the start of the experiment. Synchronization of estrus with intravaginal sponges was achieved in ewes, and inseminated with rams at the end of the hormonal program. The rams remained with the females for five days. The ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups (7 ewes in each group). The first group were injected with 160 micro mol / kg body weight and from the fifth day of the inseminated until day 20 of pregnancy The second group was treated by injecting selenium plus vitamin E with (2 ml/head α-Tocopheryl Acetate 68mg/ml Selenium 1.5mg/ml) intramuscular. The first dose was given on day 5 and the second one on day 19 of insemination the early at pregnancy. The third group were injected the arginine with the selenium plus vitamin E emulsion, The fourth group was injected with a physiological saline solution and considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein prior to treatment on day 4 of the insemination as well as on days 10, 15, and 18, to measure the changes in the chemical properties at the early of pregnancy. The results of the study showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the treatments and control groups. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of urea and ALT enzyme as compared with the first group and control. The present study did not show a significant differences at early of pregnancy in the concentration of cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and AST enzyme at the early of pregnancy for ewes. The results also showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the different withdrawal periods within the same treatment in the control and other groups the concentration of ALT enzyme, and total protein. It can be concluded from this study that the use of arginine and selenium with vitamin E improves maternal health by reducing the level of urea and ALT enzyme and maintaining pregnancy after insemination.

scholarly journals Microfouling on biocidal and non-biocidal antifouling coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Thirumahal Muthukrishnan ◽  
Sergey Dobretsov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Density ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Antifouling Coating ◽  
Antifouling Coatings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Although antifouling marine paints have been used to prevent biofouling, not much is known about their effectiveness in preventing attachment of microorganisms. The current study aims at estimating the abundance of bacteria within biofilms developed on various commercial antifouling coatings in Marina Bandar Rowdha and Marina Shangri La, Oman. Coatings tested included Pettit #1863 and #1792, West Marine #11046620, #5566252 and #10175206, Hempel Hard Racing #76484, Hempel Olympic #86950, Hempasil X3 and International YBA920. All coatings were applied on clean plastic slides. Slides without any coating were used as controls. Microbial biofilms were harvested after 2, 7 and 14 days of biofouling. Bacterial density was estimated using epifluorescence microscopy. There was a significant difference between the various treatments (coatings and control) after 2, 7 and 14 days of biofouling. Although there were significant differences between both locations after 2 and 14 days of biofouling, no significant difference was observed after 7 days of biofouling at both locations. At Shangri La, the lowest bacterial density was found on International YBA920, Pettit #1792 and Hempasil X3 after 2 days, 7 days and 14 days respectively in comparison to the control treatments. However at Bandar Rowdha, International YBA920 showed the lowest bacterial density after 2 days while West Marine #10175206 showed the lowest bacterial density after both 7 days and 14 days of biofouling in comparison to the control treatment. The differential performance of tested antifouling coatings may be attributed to several factors including varying environmental conditions, difference in microfouling communities, time of exposure and physical and chemical properties of antifouling coating. 

scholarly journals Effect of Polymerized Alkaline Conditioning Fertilizer on Peppers and Disease in Acid Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
万华 丁
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effect On Growth

Based on conventional fertilization, the effects of different amounts of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer on the prevention and control of pepper disease were studied. The results of the experiment showed that the application of alkaline conditioning fertilizer to peppers had a remarkable effect on growth and development, increasing yield, increasing income and controlling disease. And the effect of applying 2100 kg/hm2 was the best, of 2625 kg/hm2 decreased, and of more than 1575 kg/hm2 was obvious. The yield of applying 2100kg/hm2 was 58069.7kg/hm2, and the net benefit was 468325.0 RMB/hm2. The yield increased by 46.0%, 29.2%, 16.1% and 2.0% respectively compared with treatment 1,2,3 and 5, with significant difference; the net benefit increased by 47.6%, 30.4%, 16.8% and 2.4% respectively. The results are similar to those of the plot tests, and the application rate of the polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer is 2,100kg/hm2. It is suggested that the same area in southern China can be used for reference.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

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