scholarly journals Biological filtration with and without prior in-line coagulation to reduce UF fouling by secondary effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia A. Aly ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Peter M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fouling Reduction

Abstract The objectives of this research were to investigate biofiltration prior to ultrafiltration (UF) for treatment of secondary effluent. Biofiltration with and without prior in-line coagulation was assessed for UF membrane fouling reduction. Two parallel pilot-scale biofilters, each with different media (sand vs. anthracite), were operated under identical conditions at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.75 m/h. A component of this investigation included the in-line application of a 1.0 mg/L dose of ferric sulfate prior to an anthracite biofilter. All UF membrane fouling experiments were conducted at bench-scale at a constant flux of 32 L/m2h (LMH). The sand (BF1) and anthracite biofilters (BF2) removed on average 25 and 20%, respectively, of the biopolymer fraction of the effluent organic matter. Humic substances were less well removed at about 10%, while biofilter influent turbidity was reduced by 75 and 70% through BF1 and BF2, respectively. Feeding the UF membrane with biofilter effluent (no prior coagulant addition) substantially reduced both hydraulically reversible and irreversible membrane fouling by up to 60 and 80%, respectively. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling were further reduced (up to 69 and 87%, respectively) by the integration of the in-line coagulation/biofiltration pre-treatment processes compared to biofiltration alone.

scholarly journals In-line coagulation assessment for ultrafiltration fouling reduction to treat secondary effluent for water reuse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia A. Aly ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Peter M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Fouling Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Low pressure membranes are attracting attention for their potential to improve secondary effluent quality, but membrane fouling can limit their widespread applicability. In this study, in-line coagulation as pre-treatment to ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated using a bench-scale hollow fiber membrane at a constant flux of 33 L/m2 h. Membrane fouling was monitored by observing change in trans-membrane pressure when the membrane was fed with secondary effluent and in-line coagulated secondary effluent over a 24-h period. The impact of four coagulants at different dosages on reversible and irreversible membrane fouling and permeate quality was studied. It was found that in-line coagulation improved UF performance to varying degrees depending on coagulant type and dosage. Generally, higher reduction of fouling was achieved by increasing coagulant dosage within the 0.5–5.0 mg/L range investigated. Ferric-based coagulants were better than aluminum-based coagulants with respect to improving membrane performance for the secondary effluent investigated, even at low dosages (0.5 mg/L). Further investigations are required to determine how in-line coagulation affects removal of organic compounds through UF membranes.

Household rainwater harvesting system – pilot scale gravity driven membrane-based filtration system

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kus ◽  
Jaya Kandasamy ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
H. K. Shon ◽  
G. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper presents the results of a pilot scale study consisting of pre-treatment with a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter followed by membrane filtration. Detailed characterisation of rainwater tanks has highlighted that turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals, in particular lead, were not compliant with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). Further, organic matter present in the water causes membrane fouling and leads to carcinogenic compounds upon chlorination. A GAC filter was used as a first step to remove dissolved organic matter (measured in terms of DOC) in particular and also to reduce the concentration, of turbidity and lead. Membrane filtration can remove any remaining solids reducing the concentrations of turbidity and microorganisms. In this study a pilot scale rainwater treatment system consisting of a gravity fed GAC filter and membrane filter (Ultra Flo) was operated for a period of 120 days. The performance of this system was assessed in terms of membrane flux and improvement in water quality measured against the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Determination of the flux especially in the later stages of membrane operation was important to be able to size the filters in a manner that meets the expected demand. The treatment system of GAC filter and membrane filter was effective in reducing the turbidity, DOC and heavy metals. The system reduced the turbidity to levels of 0.3–0.4 NTU, below the ADWG limit of 1 NTU. The concentration of DOC was reduced to below the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limit of 0.2 mg/L. The concentration of lead was reduced to less than 0.005 mg/L, and below the ADWD limit of 0.01 mg/L. The concentrations of all other heavy metals were well within the ADWG limits. Further, the GAC filter removed a majority of the organic substances from raw rainwater collected from the roof. After the initial flux decline, the stable flux achieved was 0.47 L/m2/h consistently over the final 60 days of the experiment.

Effect of Two Stages Adsorption as Pre-Treatment of Natural Organic Matter Removal in Ultrafiltration Process for Peat Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
Amalia Enggar Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Two Stages

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) content in peat water is a major problem of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration (UF). For that, two stages adsorption as pre-treatment was employed to minimize the membrane fouling of NOM content. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of two stages adsorption on ultrafiltration performance for NOM removal that remains in peat water. This method was using powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage of 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480, 560, 640, 720, 800, 880 dan 960 mg.L-1. Then, Polysulfone (Psf) material was employed for Ultra filtration process. Membrane was applied in a dead-end mode with various operating pressure (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 bar). As a results, the optimum dose of PAC was 800 mg L-1 with dosage ratio of 3/4:1/4. Two stages adsorption-UF PSf provided the range from 86.9 to 92.8% of KMnO4 and 74.1-88.1% of UV254. For the experimental condition of 3 bar, the highest flux was achieved up to 39.919 L h-1.m-2.

Reducing the effect of cyanobacteria in the microfiltration of secondary effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1682-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Goh ◽  
J. L. Harris ◽  
F. A. Roddick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Algal Organic Matter ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dissolved Air

Cyanobacterial blooms in the lagoons of sewage treatment plants can severely impact the performance of membrane plants treating the effluent. This paper investigates the impact of Microcystis aeruginosa in a secondary effluent on the microfiltration filterability and cleaning of the membrane. Alum coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) were investigated to remove the algae and so enhance the volume of effluent processed, and their influence on reversible and irreversible fouling. Degree of fouling due to the algal components was found to be in decreasing order of algal cells, algal organic matter and extracellular organic matter. Alum coagulation with 5 mg L−1 as Al3 +  led to a substantial increase in permeate volume, an increase in dissolved organic carbon removal, and a foulant layer which protected the membrane from internal fouling but which was hydraulically removable resulting in full flux recovery. Pre-treatment by DAF or 1.5 μm filtration following alum coagulation enhanced the flux rate and permeate volume but exposed the membrane to internal irreversible fouling.

Development of a Framework for Quantifying the Removal of Humic Substances by Biological Filtration

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Biological filtration is finding increasing use in the treatment of drinking water and is one process that is used to remove humic substances. It would be extremely useful to have a framework to quantify such removals as a function of substrate and operating parameters. This paper explores the use of biofilter dimensionless contact time, X*, to provide such quantification. X* incorporates reactor contact time and surface area, as well as substrate diffusivity and biodegradation kinetic parameters. Removals of biodegradable organic matter increase with increasing X*, but in a less than proportional way. Investigations reported in the literature have shown very limited biodegradation of unozonated humic substances under water treatment conditions. Following ozonation much greater removals are reported. This can be attributed to the increase in diffusivity and biodegradability due to ozonation, which leads to a substantial increase in X* for a given filter

Performance and membrane foulant in the pilot operation of a novel biofilm-membrane reactor

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Chemical Washing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

We have developed a novel biofilm-membrane reactor (BMR) in which a nitrifying biofilm is fixed on the surface of a rotating membrane disk. With this reactor, both strict solid-liquid separation and oxidation of ammonia nitrogen can be simultaneously performed. Based on the results obtained in previous bench-scale experiments, a pilot-scale study was conducted using river water at a water purification plant. The results obtained in the pilot study can be summarized as follows. (1) By implementation of pre-treatment (coagulation and sedimentation) and simple membrane cleaning (sponge cleaning), the filter run could be continued for 17 months without any chemical washing. (2) Sufficient nitrification was observed when water temperature was high. Deterioration in nitrification efficiency during winter was reduced by the addition of phosphorus. (3) In addition to nitrification, biological oxidation of AOC and manganese can be expected with the BMR. In this study, both AOC and manganese concentration in the permeate decreased to a level less than 10 μg/L. (4) Irreversible membrane fouling, which was thought to be mainly caused by manganese, became significant as the operation period became longer.

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