scholarly journals Membrane processes for the reuse of car washing wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Uçar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Molecular Weight Cutoff ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Washing Wastewater

Abstract This study investigates alternative treatments of car wash effluents. The car wash wastewater was treated by settling, filtration, and membrane filtration processes. During settling, total solid concentration decreased rapidly within the first 2 hours and then remained constant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity were decreased by 10% and 4%, respectively. After settling, wastewater was filtered throughout a 100 μm filter. It was found that filtration had a negligible effect on COD removal. Finally, wastewater was filtered by four ultrafiltration membranes of varying molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) (1, 5, 10 and 50 kDa) and one nanofiltration membrane (NF270, MWCO = 200–400 Da). The permeate COD concentrations varied between 64.5 ± 3.2 and 85.5 ± 4.3 mg L−1 depending on UF pore size. When the NF270 nanofiltration membrane was used, the permeate COD concentration was 8.1 ± 0.4 mg L−1 corresponding to 97% removal. FeCl3 precipitation and activated carbon adsorption techniques were also applied to the retentate and 60–76% COD removals were obtained for activated carbon adsorption and FeCl3 precipitation, respectively.

scholarly journals Coupling Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption with Membrane Filtration for Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from High Strength Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aida Isma M.I. ◽  
◽  
Abdo Saad ◽  
Rachid Ali A. ◽  
Kenneth Yeoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

Combined granular activated carbon adsorption with membrane filtration for high strength wastewater treatment have been carried out. Raw oleo-chemical wastewater and leachate were used as sample. Ultrafiltration is also relatively low cost, easy to backwash and operates up to 3 barg. Experiment was carried out by passing through the sample to an adsorption column for 10 minutes followed by membrane filtration at different transmembrane pressure of 1, 2 and 3 barg. Oleo-chemical samples were analysed for chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, suspended solid and leachate samples were analysed for chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen according to APHA method. Results showed that the best chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and turbidity removal for oleo-chemical samples achieved at 2 bar with 64%, 93% and 97%, respectively. Leachate showed the best removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen achieved at 3 bar, with 76% and 87%, respectively. The adsorption process combined with membrane filtration is feasible as an alternative for conventional biological treatment for high strength wastewater. However, GAC exhaustive breakthrough point requires monitoring.

Removal of geosmin and algae by ceramic membrane filtration with super-powdered activated carbon adsorption pretreatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Kawase
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

The musty-earthy taste and odour caused by the presence of geosmin and other compounds in tap water are major causes of consumer complaints. Although ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption have been practiced in water-treatment plants to remove these compounds effectively, two major problems associated with the application of these processes – formation of stringently regulated bromate ions by ozonation and unhygienic invertebrate colonisation of GAC filters – are still to be resolved. This research advanced the process of adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC) by reducing its particle size to the submicrometre range for microfiltration pretreatment. Adsorption pretreatment by using this super (S)-PAC removed the geosmin with vastly greater efficiency than by normal PAC. Removal was attained in a much shorter contact time and at a much lower dosage. The S-PAC was also beneficial in attenuating the transmembrane pressure rises that occurred between both physical backwashings and chemical cleanings.

Treatment of landfill leachates by comparing advanced oxidation and coagulation-flocculation processes coupled with activated carbon adsorption

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Ramíirez Zamora ◽  
A. Durán Moreno ◽  
M.T. Ortade Velásquez ◽  
I. Monje Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
The One ◽  
Flocculation Process

This work compares two pre-treatments (coagulation-flocculation process (CF) and the Fenton oxidation Method (FE)) of the activated carbon adsorption process (AC) to optimize the removal of the organic compounds in landfill leachates. The content of organic compounds was measured in terms of three global parameters: colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The result obtained in discontinuous reactor conditions showed an increase in colour removal from 1.5 to 2.0 times and a decrease of COD between 0.3 to 0.5 times for the FE-AC treatment, in relation to the CF-AC treatment. On the other hand, the data obtained in continuous reactor conditions (packed columns) showed that the column fed with leachate CF exhibited operation times 1.3 times longer and a better physiochemical quality in the filtrate (COD and colour) than the one fed with the FE leachate. Nevertheless, the adsorption capacities in the colour removal column of COD and DOC were higher for the FE leachate.

scholarly journals The influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption of phenol and humic acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Seredyńska-Sobecka ◽  
Maria Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

The influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption of phenol and humic acid To study the influence of ozonation on the activated carbon adsorption, a model solution containing approximately 8 mg/dm3 of humic acid and approximately 1 mg/dm3 of phenol has been ozonated, and then adsorption kintetics and adsorption isotherm experiments have been performed. The applied ozone doses ranged from 1 to 3 mg O3/dm3, and a contact time was 1 min. In the adsorption experiments, the commercial activated carbon CWZ-30 (Gryfskand Sp. z o.o., Hajnówka, Poland) has been used. Phenol adsorption under equilibrium conditions was determined by the Freundlich isotherm equation, and the modified Freudlich isotherm equation has been employed for the determination of humic acid equilibrium adsorption. The applied oxidation conditions resulted in color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and UV254 absorbance removal, by 4 - 13%, 3 - 6%, 3 - 7%, respectively. After ozonation, phenol concentration decreased by 6 - 23%. These changes in the model solution did not affect the humic acid adsorption, however, they deteriorated phenol adsorption.

Kitchen Vehicle Water Treatment Equipment

2012 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 532-535
Author(s):  
Xiang Hong Zhang ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Xian Da Xie ◽  
Ying Ze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
In Series ◽  
Filtration Technology

Kitchen Vehicle is an indispensable equipment to guarantee the food in battlefield, which played an important role in series of activities include military exercise, flood-fighting rescue and earthquake relief. Water is a necessity in processing staple and non-staple food in field operations, so there is an urgent need to have one safety water supply device with smaller volume and lighter weight to meet the demands of field kitchen work, therefore, a small vehicular water purifier based on the membrane filtration technology plus activated carbon adsorption and ultraviolet light disinfection technology is developed.

scholarly journals Separation and characterization of lignin and sugars in the hydrolysate of hot water extraction of poplar wood by membrane filtration and activated carbon adsorption

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 6613-6628
Author(s):  
Guoyu Tian ◽  
Yaqi Chu ◽  
Xiaoqian Chen ◽  
Xiuhong Zhong ◽  
Zhaojiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

Hot water extraction of poplar wood was conducted at temperatures from 190 to 200 °C for 5 to 8 min. A hemicellulose yield of 81% and a lignin yield of 38% were obtained at 200 °C for 8 min. A combined process of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and activated carbon adsorption was developed to separate lignin and sugars in the hydrolysate of hot water extraction. Lignin recovery efficiencies of 56.7%, 26.0%, and 13.2% were attained for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and activated carbon adsorption, respectively. The characterization of lignin revealed diversity in molecular weight and functional groups, which is beneficial for high-value valorization. The obtained hemicellulose sugars from the combined process showed a good recovery rate of 43.8% and remarkable purity of 97.5%. The purified sugars were a mixture of monomers and oligomers that consisted of arabinose, galactose, xylose, glucose, and mannose. Sugar oligomers with degrees of polymerization from 2 to 6 accounted for 21.6% of all sugars.

scholarly journals Enhancement of COD Removal from Oilfield Produced Wastewater by Combination of Advanced Oxidation, Adsorption and Ultrafiltration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Dai ◽  
Jian Fang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

The wastewater produced from the oilfield is chemically corrosive due to high salinity in combination with high temperatures. It is also rich in contaminants, such as oil, polyacrylamide, emulsions, suspended solid, etc. The density difference between the oil and water in the wastewater is low, which makes separation via gravity difficult. In this study, a combined pilot treatment is studied, which includes Fenton oxidation, settlement, activated carbon adsorption, and ultrafiltration (UF). The operational conditions of Fenton oxidation are optimized based on alleviating the fouling of the UF membrane. When the Fenton oxidation was operated at the molar ratio of H2O2 to FeSO4 3:1 and pH 2.2–2.5, the UF membrane could operate continuously for 20 h without cleaning. The membrane was fouled by the organics (oil/grease) and polymer, which can be effectively removed by composite cleaning reagent consisting of 0.1% NaOH and 0.1% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). With the UF treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent was less than 50 mg/L, which could meet the upgraded standard.

scholarly journals Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmood ◽  
Rehman ◽  
Wang ◽  
Farooq ◽  
Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Flocculation Process

Physicochemical treatment, consisting of a combination of primary settling, coagulation–flocculation-aided clarification (alum, lime and magnesium sulfate as coagulants) and activated carbon adsorption, was employed for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater. Treatability studies were undertaken to assess the feasibility of recycling the effluents from a paper mill. The results of laboratory scale investigation showed that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of four hours for plain settling was effective to reduce 30% of the pollution load from pulp and board mill wastewater (PBMWW). The chemical secondary treatment reduced turbidity (89%), Chemical Oxygen Demand (84%), total suspended solids (90%) and color (89%) at the mass loading of 3400 mgl-1 of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), when primary-treated effluent was subsequently treated by the coagulation–flocculation process. The combination of primary settling and lime coagulation (optimum dosage of 1400 mgl-1) resulted in a turbidity removal of 94%, a COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) reduction of 86%, a Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal of 93% and color removal of 91.6% at an initial pH of 11. The combination of this primary settling and coagulation–flocculation treatment trial indicated that the pollutant reduction efficiency of alum was better than the other two coagulants (MgSO4, lime), because the plain settling and coagulation–flocculation process with alum (optimum dosage of 1200 mg/L) resulted in a turbidity removal of 98%, COD reduction of 93%, TSS removal of 98% and color removal of 96% at the pH 6.0 with the sludge volume index of 156 mg/L. This chemically-treated water required further treatment with activated carbon in a batch reactor for up to four hours to meet the paper mill water quality standards. Pollutant reductions at the rate of 99.5%, 99.1%, 99.4% and 99.5% were obtained for turbidity, COD, TSS and color, respectively, with the combination of the sedimentation, coagulation–flocculation process and activated carbon adsorption meeting the production process quality standards. The study revealed that a hybrid end-of-pipe physicochemical treatment was effective in reducing the pollutant load of paper mills effluent and meeting the discharging standards.

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