scholarly journals Feasibility assessment of pervaporation for desalinating high-salinity brines

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Huth ◽  
Satish Muthu ◽  
Luke Ruff ◽  
Jonathan A. Brant
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Fractional Free Volume ◽  
Pressure Driven

Pervaporation, which is a non-pressure driven membrane process, was evaluated to determine its viability for desalinating high-salinity source waters like those originating from oil and natural gas development (produced water). Two types of membrane material chemistries were studied in order to identify the optimal properties for maximizing the permeate flux under a given set of operating conditions. Permeate flux was determined to be a significant function of membrane thickness and the diffusion coefficient of water through the membrane. The diffusion coefficient is in turn a function of the membrane's affinity for water (hydrophilicity) and its fractional free volume space. A cellulose triacetate membrane (Membrane B) achieved fluxes of 0.06 m3m–2day–1 when treating solutions having salt concentrations of 100 g L–1, comparable to fluxes achieved by other types of non-pressure driven membrane processes. The flux increased in a linear fashion with decreasing ionic strength and improved through increases in the vapor pressure gradient and/or inclusion of a feed channel spacer into the test cell. Salt rejection efficiencies by all membranes were >99%; however, co-ions were able to penetrate into the membrane material matrix over time.

scholarly journals A Multivariate Statistical Analyses of Membrane Performance in the Clarification of Citrus Press Liquor

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
René Ruby-Figueroa ◽  
Monica Nardi ◽  
Giovanni Sindona ◽  
Carmela Conidi ◽  
Alfredo Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Performance

The orange press liquor is a by-product of the orange juice production containing bioactive compounds recognized for their beneficial implications in human health. The recovery of these compounds offers new opportunities for the formulation of products of interest in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The clarification of orange press liquor by microfiltration (MF) and/or ultrafiltration (UF) processes is a valid approach to remove macromolecules, colloidal particles, and suspended solids from sugars and bioactive compounds. In this work the clarification of orange press liquor was studied by using three flat-sheet polymeric membranes: a MF membrane with a pore size of 0.2 μm and two UF membranes with nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 150 and 200 kDa, respectively. The membrane performance, in terms of permeate flux and membrane rejection towards hesperidin and sugars, was studied according to a multivariate analyses approach. In particular, characteristics influencing the performance of the investigated membranes, such as molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), contact angle, membrane thickness, pore size distribution, as well as operating conditions, including temperature, and operating time, were analysed through the partial least square regression (PLSR). The multivariate method revealed crucial information on variables which are relevant to maximize the permeate flux and to minimize the rejection of hesperidin and sugars in the clarification of orange press liquor.

scholarly journals Recovery of Anthocyanins and Monosaccharides from Grape Marc Extract by Nanofiltration Membranes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Paul Muñoz ◽  
Karla Pérez ◽  
Alfredo Cassano ◽  
René Ruby-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Wastewaters and by-products generated in the winemaking process are important and inexpensive sources of value-added compounds that can be potentially reused for the development of new products of commercial interest (i.e., functional foods). This research was undertaken in order to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in the recovery of anthocyanins and monosaccharides from a clarified Carménère grape marc obtained through a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microfiltration. Three different flat-sheet nanofiltration (NF) membranes, covering the range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) from 150 to 800 Da, were evaluated for their productivity as well as for their rejection towards anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-(acetyl)-glucoside, and malvidin 3-(coumaroyl)-glucoside) and sugars (glucose and fructose) in selected operating conditions. The selected membranes showed differences in their performance in terms of permeate flux and rejection of target compounds. The NFX membrane, with the lowest MWCO (150–300 Da), showed a lower flux decay in comparison to the other investigated membranes. All the membranes showed rejection higher than 99.42% for the quantified anthocyanins. Regarding sugars rejection, the NFX membrane showed the highest rejection for glucose and fructose (100 and 92.60%, respectively), whereas the NFW membrane (MWCO 300–500 Da) was the one with the lowest rejection for these compounds (80.57 and 71.62%, respectively). As a general trend, the tested membranes did not show a preferential rejection of anthocyanins over sugars. Therefore, all tested membranes were suitable for concentration purposes.

scholarly journals Removal of organic pollutants from produced water by batch adsorption treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Hashim Khader ◽  
Thamer Jassim Mohammed ◽  
Nourollah Mirghaffari ◽  
Ali Dawood Salman ◽  
Tatjána Juzsakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Zeolite X

AbstractThis paper studied the adsorption of chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and turbidity of the produced water (PW) which accompanies the production and reconnaissance of oil after treating utilizing powdered activated carbon (PAC), clinoptilolite natural zeolite (CNZ) and synthetic zeolite type X (XSZ). Moreover, the paper deals with the comparison of pollutant removal over different adsorbents. Adsorption was executed in a batch adsorption system. The effects of adsorbent dosage, time, pH, oil concentration and temperature were studied in order to find the best operating conditions. The adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were investigated. Using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, the kinetics of oil sorption and the shift in COD content on PAC and CNZ were investigated. At a PAC adsorbent dose of 0.25 g/100 mL, maximum oil removal efficiencies (99.57, 95.87 and 99.84 percent), COD and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were identified. Moreover, when zeolite X was used at a concentration of 0.25 g/100 mL, the highest turbidity removal efficiency (99.97%) was achieved. It is not dissimilar to what you would get with PAC (99.65 percent). In comparison with zeolites, the findings showed that adsorption over PAC is the most powerful method for removing organic contaminants from PW. In addition, recycling of the consumed adsorbents was carried out in this study to see whether the adsorbents could be reused. Chemical and thermal treatment will effectively regenerate and reuse powdered activated carbon and zeolites that have been eaten. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Hydrophylicity Enhancement of Modified Cellulose Acetate Membrane to Improve the Membrane Performance in Produced Water Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Danny Soetrisnanto ◽  
Cynthia Santoso ◽  
Tyas Dwi Payanti ◽  
Dani Puji Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Produced Water Treatment

Produced water is a wastewater generated from petroleum industry with high concentration of pollutants such as Total Dissolved Solid, Organic content, and Oil and grease. Membrane technology has been currently applied for produced water treatment due to its efficiency, compact, mild and clean process. The main problem of produced water using membrane is fouling on the membrane surface which causes on low permeate productivity. This paper is majority focused on the improvement of anti-fouling performance through several modifications to increase CA membrane hydrophilicity. The membrane was prepared by formulating the dope solution consists of 18 wt-% CA polymer, acetone, and PEG additive (3 wt-%, 5 wt-%, and 7 wt-%). The membranes are casted using NIPS method and being irradiated under UV light exposure. The SEM images show that parepared membrane has asymmetric structure consist of dense layer, intermediete layer, and finger-like support layer. The filtration test shows that PEG addition increase the membrane hydrophilicity and the permeate flux increases. UV light exposure on the membrane improves the membrane stability and hydrophilicity. The imrpovement of membrane anti-fouling performance is essential to achieve the higher productivity without lowering its pollutants rejection.

scholarly journals Data-driven Modelling of Microfiltration Process with Embedded Static Mixer for Steepwater from Corn Starch Industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laslo Šereš ◽  
Ljubica Dokić ◽  
Bojana Ikonić ◽  
Dragana Šoronja-Simović ◽  
Miljana Djordjević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Static Mixer ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Starch Industry

Cross-flow microfiltration using ceramic tubular membrane was applied for treatment of steepwater from corn starch industry. Experiments are conducted according to the faced centered central composite design at three different transmembrane pressures (1, 2 and 3 bar) and cross-flow velocities (100, 150 and 200 L/h) with and without the usage of Kenics static mixer. For examination of the influence of the selected operating conditions at which usage of the static mixer is justified, a response surface methodology and desirability function approach were used. Obtained results showed improvement in the average permeate flux by using Kenics static mixer for 211 % to 269 % depending on experimental conditions when compared to the system without the static mixer. As a result of optimization, the best results considering flux improvement as well as reduction of specific energy consumption were obtained at low transmembrane pressure and lower feed cross-flow rates.

Surfactant and Friction Reducer Interaction in High Salinity Slickwater Fracturing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Kotb ◽  
Tariq Almubarak ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Ethylene Oxide Chain ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slickwater Fracturing

Abstract Slickwater fracturing has been phenomenally successful in unconventional shale formations due to their unique geomechanical properties. Nevertheless, these treatments consume large volumes of water. On average, hydraulic fracturing treatments use up to 13,000,000 gallons of water in unconventional wells. In an effort to reduce the use of freshwater, research has focused on developing friction reducers (FR) that can be used in high salinity brines such as seawater and produced water. However, commonly used friction reducers precipitate in high salinity brine, lose their friction reduction properties, and cause severe formation damage to the proppant pack. Consequently, this work proposes the use of common surfactants to aid the FR system and achieve salt tolerance at water salinity up to 230,000 ppm. This paper will (a) evaluate five surfactants for use in high salinity FR systems, (b) evaluate the rheological properties of these systems, and (c) evaluate the damage generated from using these systems. Four types of tests were conducted to analyze the performance of the new FR at high salinity brine. These are (a) rheology, (b) static proppant settling, (c) breakability, and (d) coreflood tests. Surfactants with ethylene oxide chain lengths ranging from 6 to 12 were incorporated in the tests. Rheology tests were done at temperatures up to 150°F to evaluate the FR at shear rates between 40-1000 s-1. Proppant settling tests were performed to investigate the proppant carrying capacity of the new FR system. Breakability and coreflood tests were conducted to study the potential damage caused by the proposed systems. Rheology tests showed that using surfactants with high ethylene oxide chain length (>8) improved the performance of the FR at water salinity up to 230,000 ppm. Anionic surfactants performed better than cationic surfactants in improving FR performance. The ammonium persulfate was used as a breaker and showed effectiveness with the proposed formula. Finally, the retained permeability after 12 hours of injecting the FR was over 95%. This shows that after using this system, the productivity of the formation is minimally affected by the new FR system. This research provides the first guide on studying the impact of using different ethylene oxide chain lengths of surfactants in developing new FR systems that can perform well in a high salinity environment. Given the economic and environmental benefits of reusing produced water, this new system can save costs that were previously spent on water treatments.

KNT-artificial neural network model for flux prediction of ultrafiltration membrane producing drinking water

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Oh ◽  
M.J. Yu ◽  
E.M. Gwon ◽  
J.Y. Koo ◽  
S.G. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper describes the prediction of flux behavior in an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system using a Kalman neuro training (KNT) network model. The experimental data was obtained from operating a pilot plant of hollow fiber UF membrane with groundwater for 7 months. The network was trained using operating conditions such as inlet pressure, filtration duration, and feed water quality parameters including turbidity, temperature and UV254. Pre-processing of raw data allowed the normalized input data to be used in sigmoid activation functions. A neural network architecture was structured by modifying the number of hidden layers, neurons and learning iterations. The structure of KNT-neural network with 3 layers and 5 neurons allowed a good prediction of permeate flux by 0.997 of correlation coefficient during the learning phase. Also the validity of the designed model was evaluated with other experimental data not used during the training phase and nonlinear flux behavior was accurately estimated with 0.999 of correlation coefficient and a lower error of prediction in the testing phase. This good flux prediction can provide preliminary criteria in membrane design and set up the proper cleaning cycle in membrane operation. The KNT-artificial neural network is also expected to predict the variation of transmembrane pressure during filtration cycles and can be applied to automation and control of full scale treatment plants.

Biological treatment of wastewater from fruit juice production using a membrane bioreactor: parameters limiting membrane performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
C. Blöcher ◽  
T. Britz ◽  
H.D. Janke ◽  
H. Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Test Operation

The application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated to treat polluted process water from fruit juice processing. The aim was either direct discharge or further treatment by nanofiltration/low pressure reverse osmosis to produce water of drinking quality. The results of a one-year test operation of the process in industrial scale at a fruit juice production plant are presented. Focus was centred on the influence of activated sludge characteristics on membrane performance. Under the operating conditions in place, neither solids content, particle size distribution nor addition of nutrient significantly affected the permeate flux which was considerably lower than expected (based on municipal wastewater treatment with MBRs). Instead, evidence was obtained that the insufficient permeate flux was most likely due to the high content of extracellular polymeric substances. However, it was impossible to relate in detail the substantial flux variations during the test run to AS characteristics or changes in microbial population.

Breakthrough curves of oil adsorption on novel amorphous carbon thin film

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2361-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Sayed ◽  
M. Ramzi ◽  
R. Hosny ◽  
M. Fathy ◽  
Th. Abdel Moghny
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Carbon Thin Film ◽  
Oil Adsorption ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Thin Film

A novel amorphous carbon thin film (ACTF) was prepared by hydrolyzing wood sawdust and delignificating the residue to obtain cellulose mass that was subjected to react with cobalt silicate nanoparticle as a catalyst under the influence of sudden concentrated sulfuric acid addition at 23 °C. The novel ACTF was obtained in the form of thin films like graphene sheets having winding surface. The prepared ACTF was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The adsorption capacity of ACTF to remove oil from synthetic produced water was evaluated using the incorporation of Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. The performance study is described through the breakthrough curves concept under relevant operating conditions such as column bed heights (3.8, 5 and 11 mm) and flow rate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL.min−1). It was found that the oil uptake mechanism is favoring higher bed height. Also, the highest bed capacity of 700 mg oil/g ACTF was achieved at 5 mm bed height, and 0.5 mL.min−1 flow rate. The results of breakthrough curve for oil adsorption was best described using the Yoon–Nelson model. Finally, the results illustrate that ACTF could be utilized effectively for oil removal from synthetic produced water in a fixed-bed column system.

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