scholarly journals Modelling of anaerobic digester biogas production: case study of a pilot project in Morocco

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Abarghaz ◽  
Khiyati Mohammed El Ghali ◽  
Mustapha Mahi ◽  
Christine Werner ◽  
Najib Bendaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Volume Measurements

An anaerobic digestion pilot system was implemented in June 2010 in the Moroccan village of Dayet Ifrah. The input material consists of toilet wastewater and cattle manure. Biogas is produced under anaerobic conditions. It is used for heating and cooking. This biogas system could be an useful sanitation technology due to its ability to treat wastewater. The biogas system was monitored over 86 days in summer 2012 to measure gas production. The average gas production recorded was about 1,870 l per day. This amount is sufficient for a farming family composed of 17 people. Our work seeks to find the most appropriate formula to predict biogas production under Moroccan conditions. We compared and ranked different formulas by applying principal component analysis and the ELECTRE III method. The variables studied were the chemical oxygen demand reduction and biogas volume measurements. The results show that the formula of Vedrenne is the most appropriate equation to predict biogas production in Moroccan rural areas (see Vedrenne (2007) ‘Study of Anaerobic Degradation Processes and Methane Production During Storage of Manure’. Environmental Science Thesis. ENSA, Rennes).

scholarly journals Evaluation of acidogenic sludge from anaerobic reactors running at low solids retention times to reduce sludge generation and enhance biogas production

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilza Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Ysa Helena Diniz Morais de Luna ◽  
Jose Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Wilton Silva Lopes ◽  
Valderi Duarte Leite
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT   Sludges generated in the biological processing of sewage are complex mixtures, the constituents of which pose risks to public health and the environment. Anaerobic digestion is considered the most sustainable option for treating sludge because it offers the possibility of generating biogas. The aim of this study was to compare the quantities, properties, biodegradabilities and biochemical methane potentials (BMP) of primary sludge (PS) generated by a primary decanter with acidogenic sludges produced by upflow anaerobic (UA) reactors operating at solids retention times (SRTs) of 2, 4, 6 and 8 days (Samples S2, S4, S6 and S8, respectively). Sludges from both pre-treatments were submitted to alkaline solubilization in order to determine the efficiency of the process in disrupting extracellular complexes. Based on the levels of total solids (TS) present, the primary decanter was found to generate higher quantities of excess sludge (yield of 3.1 gTS∙d-1) than UA reactors operating at low SRTs (yields in the range 1.69 to 0.64 gTS∙d-1). The concentrations of dissolved materials in PS and Samples S2 and S8 were considerably higher after alkaline solubilization, with respective increases of 8, 14 and 28-fold in dissolved organic carbon, 12, 20 and 40-fold in chemical oxygen demand, 25, 31 and 59-fold in proteins, and 17, 21 and 63-fold in carbohydrates. In addition, the BMP value for S8 was some 13% higher than that recorded for PS while the kinetic constant for gas production by S8 was 1.8-fold greater than that of PS. It is concluded that a pre-treatment combining anaerobic digestion at low SRT and alkaline solubilisation would lead to improved performance in subsequent stages of anaerobic digestion and, consequently, increased efficiency in biogas production.

scholarly journals Empirical Studies into Demand Based Reactor Sizing in Low-Cost Biogas Production for Domestic Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Omotosho ◽  
Adebayo Oke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Substrate Ratio ◽  
Biogas Reactor

A low-cost biogas reactor incorporating a hydro-pressurizing and gas dispensing unit which was able to deliver biogas at a rate of 6.25 x 10-5m3/s and calculated pressure of 58.7N/m2 was designed and fabricated for the purpose of this study.  The substrate loading intervals for the reactor were varied at 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17 and 33 days interval to determine which of the intervals gave the optimum yield in gas production. The fabricated unit had the highest average daily biogas production level and optimum total yield to substrate ratio at substrate feed interval of 13 days. Results obtained from the study were used to propose a biogas reactor sizing guideline for the low-cost biogas reactor design for domestic use. The proposed guideline would help in adequate deployment and management of resources for waste conversion and renewable energy production in rural areas.

scholarly journals Anaerobic digestion of donkey dung for biogas production

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
Golden Makaka ◽  
Sampson Mamphweli ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
The University

Abstract Biogas can provide a solution to some of South Africa’s energy needs, especially in rural areas of Eastern Cape Province that have plentiful biogas substrates from donkeys, goats, sheep, cattle and chicken. We investigated the effectiveness of donkey dung for biogas production using a designed and constructed cylindrical field batch biogas digester. The donkey dung was collected from the University of Fort Hare’s Honeydale Farm and was analysed for total solids, volatile solids, total alkalinity, calorific value, pH, chemical oxygen demand and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N). The biogas composition was analysed using a gas analyser. We found that donkey dung produced biogas with an average methane yield of 55% without co-digesting it with other wastes. The results show that donkey dung is an effective substrate for biogas production.

scholarly journals An experimental study on Bio-gas production by anaerobic digestion of RiceMill Wastewater (RMW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature ◽  
Rice Mill Wastewater

<p>With the rising interest for sustainable power source and ecological security, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific researchers. This paper proposes a new research achievement on biogas production from Rice Mill Wastewater (RMW) with the utilization of anaerobic digester. An anaerobic digester is maintained with RMW and distillery anaerobic sludge at mesophilic temperature condition for 15 days as stabilization mode. After attaining stabilization stage, studies continued to examine the effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of RMW. The OLR of the anaerobic reactor increased stepwise from 0.25 to 3.91 Kg COD/m3/dayand HRT ranged from 1 to 32.0 days. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) utilized was higher than 75% and the CH4 percentage of the biogas was 62.00-63.00% for the OLRs studied. The efficient working volume of the digester is preserved as 25% of distillery anaerobic sludge and 75% of rice mill wastewater, loaded at Mesophilic temperature conditions for study purpose. By changing the conditions of OLR and HRT, biogas production, methane yield and percentage of COD reduction is examined. An anaerobic sludge is utilized as a seeding material to biodegrade the organic pollutants present in the wastewater. It will enhance the biological treatment of effluent with anaerobic sludge in a continuous mode of activity.The result showed that the proposed analysis obtains more biogas production with reduced COD when compared with existing approaches.</p>

Performance and Operational Characteristics of Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) Reactor Treating Low Strength Recycled Paper Mill Effluent (RPME) Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Siti Roshayu Hassan ◽  
Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman ◽  
Irvan Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Low Strength

The performance and operational characteristics of a laboratory scale modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) reactor were studied using recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) wastewater. MAHB reactor was continuously operated at 35°C for 90 days with organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 0.14 to 0.57 g/L/dy. This present study demonstrated that the system was proficient in treating  low strength RPME wastewater. Highest carbon oxygen demand (COD) removal were recorded up to 97% for an organic loading of 0.57 g /L/dy while effluent alkalinity assured that the system pH in the MAHB compartments were of great advantages to acidogens and methanogens respectively. Methane and biogas production rate shows increment as the load increases, which evidently indicated that the most significant approach to enhance gas production rates involves the increment of incoming substrate moderately. Variations of biogas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in different compartments of MAHB reactor indicated the chronological degradation of substrate. The compartmental structure of MAHB reactor provided its strong ability to resist shock loads. From this present study, it shows the potential usage of MAHB reactor broadens the usage of multi-phase anaerobic technology for industrial wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals An evaluation of lysozyme enzyme and thermal pretreatments on dairy sludge digestion and gas production

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062
Author(s):  
Shakiba Jafari ◽  
Moslem Salehiziri ◽  
Elham Foroozesh ◽  
Mohammad J. Bardi ◽  
Hasan A. Rad
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Dairy Sludge

Abstract Anaerobic digestion is one of the common methods of managing and stabilizing sludge. However, due to the limitations of the biological sludge hydrolysis stage, anaerobic decomposition is slow and requires a long time. This study evaluated the effects of thermal (80 °C) (TH-PRE) and a combination of thermal with the lysozyme enzyme (LTH-PRE) pretreatments on the enhancement of anaerobic activated sludge digestion. Response surface methodology was implemented to optimize enzyme pretreatment conditions (enzyme and mixed liquid suspended solids concentration). The results showed that both pretreatment methods increase soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduces total and volatile suspended solids (VSS), and phosphate concentration. The COD removal rate in LTH-PRE and TH-PRE was 95% and 81%, respectively. The value of VSS reduction in LTH-PRE and TH-PRE was 41% and 31%, more than the control operation, respectively. The biogas production in LTH-PRE and in TH-PRE also increased by 124% and 96%, respectively.

Microalgal potential for nutrient-energy-wastewater nexus: Innovations, current trends and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2095518
Author(s):  
Sandeep Panda ◽  
Srabani Mishra ◽  
Ata Akcil ◽  
Mehmet Ali Kucuker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Inorganic Substances

Agricultural, domestic and industrial activities contribute in releasing several organic and inorganic substances into the water streams that result in environmental pollution. Biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater using Activated Sludge Nutrient Removal (ASNR), the conventional process, is well known; however, it is relatively expensive due to the requirement for high energy inputs. Microalgal applications have been gaining interest as they offer potential cost-effective measures for the treatment of wastewater in the peri-urban and rural areas. Such systems provide an interesting tertiary biological treatment method where valuable biomass is produced with simultaneous uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous with reduction in coliform bacteria, heavy metals, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD & BOD) and the removal/degradation of xenobiotic compounds etc. This paper provides a systematic review on the current microalgal applications (phycoremediation) for wastewater treatment with advanced information on their role towards nutrient recovery and energy (biogas) production under the third generation biorefinery concept. The use of advanced algal pond systems for wastewater treatment including pollutant degradation, microalgal cultivation and employing such facilities for biogas production in view of technology applications is emphasized. This inter-linked network indicating microalgal role into the Nutrient-Energy-Wastewater nexus with future directions and concluding remarks are discussed.

Biotelemetry and Computer Analysis of Electrocardiograms

1969 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Amlinger
Keyword(s):  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Medical ◽  
Medical Program

Routine transmission of electrocardiograms and their computer interpretation via long-distance telephone lines has been proven feasible in the Automated Electrocardiogram Project of the Missouri Regional Medical Program. Though this Pilot Project — the first on a state-wide basis — is still viewed as an applied research effort rather than a service, such biotelemetry is rapidly gaining acceptance as a medium to bring modern medicine, through modern technology, to urban and remote rural areas as well, where it is most needed.The computer executes all the wave measuraments and calculations with incredible speed. It takes over a most boring, repetitive part of the physician’s work. However, it can only follow the instructions of the diagnostic program, compiled by expert cardiologists. Thus, it is an ever-ready, never-tiring servant for the physician and his patients.

scholarly journals Quantify Coal Macrolithotypes of a Whole Coal Seam: A Method Combing Multiple Geophysical Logging and Principal Component Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Chao Cui ◽  
Suoliang Chang ◽  
Yanbin Yao ◽  
Lutong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Geophysical Logging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Results

Coal macrolithotypes control the reservoir heterogeneity, which plays a significant role in the exploration and development of coalbed methane. Traditional methods for coal macrolithotype evaluation often rely on core observation, but these techniques are non-economical and insufficient. The geophysical logging data are easily available for coalbed methane exploration; thus, it is necessary to find a relationship between core observation results and wireline logging data, and then to provide a new method to quantify coal macrolithotypes of a whole coal seam. In this study, we propose a L-Index model by combing the multiple geophysical logging data with principal component analysis, and we use the L-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the vertical and regional distributions of the macrolithotypes of No. 3 coal seam in Zhengzhuang field, southern Qinshui basin. Moreover, we also proposed a S-Index model to quantitatively evaluate the general brightness of a whole coal seam: the increase of the S-Index from 1 to 3.7, indicates decreasing brightness, i.e., from bright coal to dull coal. Finally, we discussed the relationship between S-Index and the hydro-fracturing effect. It was found that the coal seam with low S-Index values can easily form long extending fractures during hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, the lower S-Index values indicate much more favorable gas production potential in the Zhengzhuang field. This study provides a new methodology to evaluate coal macrolithotypes by using geophysical logging data.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixing Regimes on Cow Manure Digestion in Impeller Mixed, Unmixed and Chinese Dome Digesters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Abiodun O. Jegede ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
Harry Bruning
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Mixing Regime

This study examines the effect of mixing on the performance of anaerobic digestion of cow manure in Chinese dome digesters (CDDs) at ambient temperatures (27–32 °C) in comparison with impeller mixed digesters (STRs) and unmixed digesters (UMDs) at the laboratory scale. The CDD is a type of household digester used in rural and pre-urban areas of developing countries for cooking. They are mixed by hydraulic variation during gas production and gas use. Six digesters (two of each type) were operated at two different influent total solids (TS) concentration, at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days for 319 days. The STRs were mixed at 55 rpm, 10 min/hour; the unmixed digesters were not mixed, and the Chinese dome digesters were mixed once a day releasing the stored biogas under pressure. The reactors exhibited different specific biogas production and treatment efficiencies at steady state conditions. The STR 1 exhibited the highest methane (CH4) production and treatment efficiency (volatile solid (VS) reduction), followed by STR 2. The CDDs performed better (10% more methane) than the UMDs, but less (approx. 8%) compared to STRs. The mixing regime via hydraulic variation in the CDD was limited despite a higher volumetric biogas rate and therefore requires optimization.

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