Performance evaluation and kinetic parameter analysis for static granular bed reactor (SGBR) for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater at mesophilic condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
M. Njoya ◽  
Z. Rinquest ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe ◽  
M. S. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor ◽  
Predicted Values

Abstract Poultry slaughterhouses consume a substantial quantity of potable water during processing of live birds. Subsequently, high strength poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) is generated at different stages during poultry product processing. In this study, a Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) was used to treat the PSW from a poultry processing facility in the Western Cape, South Africa. The performance of the SGBR was primarily evaluated for chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) removal with the kinetics of the treatment process for PSW being evaluated using both the Grau second-order and the modified Stover-Kincannon models to predict the effluent COD. The overall treatment efficiency averaged >80% when the SGBR was operated at steady state for 110 days' experimental trial. On the basis of the experimental results, the predicted values of the tCOD concentration using the Grau second-order and modified Stover Kincannon model were inconsistent with the experimental data indicating an insignificant correlation with predicted tCOD concentration being higher than the experimental data. The high variation between the modelled and experimental data based on both the Grau second order and modified Stover-Kincannon model was observed at higher organic loading rates when the reactor was fed with undiluted influent, phenomena attributed to tCOD entrapped inside the SGBR, especially during periods of clogging caused by the accumulation of suspended solids in the underdrain.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using a static granular bed reactor (SGBR) coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Z. Rinquest ◽  
M. Njoya ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

The South African poultry industry has grown exponentially in recent years due to an increased demand for their products. As a result, poultry plants consume large volumes of high quality water to ensure that hygienically safe poultry products are produced. Furthermore, poultry industries generate high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully at low cost using anaerobic digesters. In this study, the performance of a bench-scale mesophilic static granular bed reactor (SGBR) containing fully anaerobic granules coupled with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system, as a post-treatment system, was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was characterized by a chemical oxygen demand (COD) range between 1,223 and 9,695mg/L, average biological oxygen demand of 2,375mg/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) of 554mg/L. The SGBR anaerobic reactor was operated for 9 weeks at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), i.e. 55 and 40 h, with an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.01 and 3.14g COD/L.day. The SGBR results showed an average COD, total suspended solids (TSS) and FOG removal of 93%, 95% and 90% respectively, for both OLR. The UF post-treatment results showed an average of COD, TSS and FOG removal of 64%, 88% and 48%, respectively. The overall COD, TSS and FOG removal of the system (SGBR and UF membrane) was 98%, 99.8%, and 92.4%, respectively. The results of the combined SGBR reactor coupled with the UF membrane showed a potential to ensure environmentally friendly treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater.

scholarly journals Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Njoya ◽  
M. Basitere ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Anaerobic Biomass ◽  
Phase Separator

Abstract This study evaluated the performance of a novel high rate anaerobic bioreactor system for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The new system consisted of a granule-based technology operated in a down-flow configuration, with the assistance of medium-sized pumice stones used as packing materials for the retention of the anaerobic granules, to avoid challenges associated with the use of the three-phase separator of up-flow systems and the washout of the anaerobic biomass. Furthermore, a recycling stream was applied to the system to improve the mixing inside the Down-flow Expanded Granular Bed Reactor (DEGBR), i.e. the influent distribution to the granular biomass, and the implementation of intermittent fluidization when required to alleviate the effects of pressure drop in such systems. The DEGBR was operated under mesophilic conditions (30–35 °C) and achieved total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), five-day biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids average removal percentages >95%, and a fats, oils and grease average removal percentage of 93.67% ± 4.51, for an organic loading rate varying between 1.1 to 38.9 gCOD/L.day.

scholarly journals Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater (PSW) Using a Pretreatment Stage, an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor (EGSB), and a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Honeil Basile Meyo ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Ephraim Kaskote
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Means

This study presents the biological treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) using a combination of a biological pretreatment stage, an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat PSW. This PSW treatment was geared toward reducing the concentration of contaminants present in the PSW to meet the City of Cape Town (CoCT) discharge standards and evaluate an alternative means of treating medium- to high-strength wastewater at low cost. The EGSB used in this study was operated under mesophilic conditions and at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 69 to 456 mg COD/L·h. The pretreatment stage of this laboratory-scale (lab-scale) plant played an important role in the pretreatment of the PSW, with removal percentages varying between 20% and 50% for total suspended solids (TSS), 20% and 70% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 50% and 83% for fats, oil, and grease (FOG). The EGSB further reduced the concentration of these contaminants to between 25% and 90% for TSS, 20% and 80% for COD, and 20% and >95% for FOG. The last stage of this process, i.e., the membrane bioreactor (MBR), contributed to a further decrease in the concentration of these contaminants with a peak removal performance of >95% for TSS and COD and 80% for the FOG. Overall, the system (pretreatment–EGSB–MBR) exceeded 97% for TSS and COD removal and 97.5% for FOG removal. These results culminated in a product (treated wastewater) meeting the discharge standards.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Biological Pre-Treatment Coupled with the Down-Flow Expanded Granular Bed Reactor (DEGBR) for Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Derrick Njabuliso Dlamini ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Mahomet Njoya ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Ephraim Kaskote
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater contains high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSSs), fats, oil and grease (FOG), proteins and carbohydrates. It is important that the wastewater is treated to acceptable environmental discharge standards. In this study, the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) was treated using two-stage processes consisting of a biological pre-treatment using a biodegrading agent (Eco-flushTM) coupled with a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR). The results showed that the biological pre-treatment was observed to be highly effective for removal of FOG, COD and TSS with a removal efficiency of 80 ± 6.3%, 38 ± 8.4% and 56 ± 7.2%, respectively. The DEGBR showed a stable performance in terms FOG, COD and, TSS removal, with average removal efficiencies of 89 ± 2.8%, 87 ± 9.5%, and 94 ± 3.7%, respectively. The overall removal rate performance of the integrated system of pre-treatment and DEGBR in terms FOG, COD and TSS, was 97 ± 0.8%, 92 ± 6.3% and 97 ± 1.2%. Furthermore, the average volatile fatty acid/alkalinity (VFA/Alkalinity) ratio of 0.2 was reported, which indicated that the DEGBR was stable throughout the operation.

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