scholarly journals Energy recovery and efficiency improvement for an activated sludge, agro-food WWTP upgrade

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Callegari ◽  
Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka ◽  
Andrea G. Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Local Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract Wastewater treatment's primary purpose is to protect surface water quality, aquatic life, beneficial and recreational uses of waterways, and primarily comply with local water emission standards. Lately, additional requirements were added for these facilities, concerning minimization of a series of sidestream environmental impacts (i.e., odours, generated waste by-products, etc.), air emissions, including CO2, methane and nitrogen greenhouse gases (GHGs), and mitigation of various other likely impacts resulting from energy and chemical use in treatment processes. This paper describes a case study in Northern Europe, where critical analysis of an industrial wastewater treatment plant's present conditions, during an evaluation of upgrade possibilities to improve regulatory compliance, led to a sustainable intervention proposal. According to the formulated proposal, process improvement, energy recovery, and overall savings and GHG emissions reduction could be simultaneously achieved with a series of relatively simple interventions.

scholarly journals Adaptation and mitigation synergies to improve sanitation: a case study in Morelos, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Navarro González ◽  
Blanca Jiménez Cisneros ◽  
Nidya Aponte Hernández ◽  
Raquel Montes Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
Business As Usual

Abstract The management of wastewater is the fifth largest single source of CH4 emissions and the sixth of N2O. Options to improve sanitation within the Morelos State in Mexico were compared applying a modification of the IPCC guidelines to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A 2030 business-as-usual scenario which considers current sanitation practices and 2010 baseline-scenario, showed that septic tanks, the main state option for sanitation, were the principal source of emissions, even higher than from non-controlled wastewater discharges. These scenarios also revealed that the two metropolitan areas were key in terms of mitigation as they contributed 88% of the total GHG emissions. For the 2030A scenario (sanitation + adaptation), it was seen that if the policy of septic tank usage continues, and the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are rehabilitated, the GHG emissions would be reduced by 2% compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. In contrast, if a policy were adopted considering in addition mitigation measures, 26% GHG emissions reduction might be achieved. Additional co-benefits will be obtained in several sectors, including health (diarrheal and dengue diseases control), agriculture, and the environment, performing a more efficient and integrated management of water and achieving savings on the operating costs of WWTPs through co-generation.

The 2020 emissions reduction impact of urban water conservation in California

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Haley ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Gallo ◽  
Abigail Kehr ◽  
Michael Perry ◽  
David Siao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
End Use ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction impacts of urban water conservation. Using California as a case study, it estimates this co-benefit of California's statewide urban water conservation goal of 20% per capita reduction by 2020 (relative to a year 2000 baseline). We developed a model of a water supply system to assess the impact of reduced urban water demand on emissions. Embedded energy and emissions were established for each stage of the water supply cycle: supply and conveyance, treatment, distribution, end use and wastewater treatment. We conclude that water conservation, in addition to being an important strategy for adaptation to climate change, represents a significant opportunity for mitigation. Under policies that prioritize savings of water that is heated, the most energy-intensive process in the supply cycle, water conservation offers the potential to conserve 3.5 Mt CO2e in 2020. This result suggests that water conservation could be an important mitigation strategy in other states, even those that are not water-constrained and do not have highly energy intensive supply sources.

scholarly journals Meeting National Emissions Reduction Obligations: A Case Study of Australia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tek Maraseni ◽  
Kathryn Reardon-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Commitment Period

Akin to a public good, emissions reduction suffers from the ‘free rider’ syndrome. Although many countries claim that they are meeting their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction commitments, the average global temperature and GHG emissions continue to rise. This has led to growing speculation that some countries may be taking advantage of the system by effectively exploiting a range of loopholes in global agreements. Using a case study approach, we critically review the evidence from Australia, exploring how Australia has participated in global climate change negotiations and the way in which this emissions intensive country’s national emissions reduction obligations have been met. The findings suggest that: (1) successful negotiation to include Article 3.7 (‘Adjusting the 1990 Baseline’ or ‘the Australia Clause’) in the Kyoto Protocol significantly favored Australia’s ability to meet its First Kyoto Commitment (2008–2012); and (2) successful bargaining for the accounting rule that allowed carbon credits from the first commitment period to be carried over to the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol benefitted Australia by 128 MtCO2e. At the national level, a lack of bipartisan political support for an effective mechanism to drive emissions reduction has also been problematic. While the introduction of the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) in 2012 reduced emissions from electricity production from about 199.1 MtCO2e to 180.8 MtCO2e in 2014, a change of government led to the abolition of the CPM in 2014 and emissions from electricity production subsequently rose to 187 MtCO2e in 2015 and 189 MtCO2e in 2016 with adverse impacts in many sectors as well as Australia’s overall emissions. The current Australian government continues to undermine its commitment to mitigation and the integrity and credibility of its own emissions reductions policy, introducing a softer ‘calculated baseline’ for its own Safeguard Mechanism, which allows companies to upwardly adjust their calculated baselines on the basis of their highest expected emissions, permitting emissions in excess of their historical emissions. While disappointing in the context of the global emissions reduction project, Australia’s actions are sadly not unique and we also provide examples of loopholes exploited by countries participating in a range of other negotiations and emissions reduction projects. Such strategies undoubtedly serve the short-term political and economic interests of these countries; however, it is increasingly apparent that the cumulative impact of such tactics will ultimately impact the entire global community.

scholarly journals Modelling the impacts of challenging 2030 DPRK’s GHGs mitigation targets on DPRK’s energy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjae An ◽  
Haijun Cao ◽  
Cholu Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
Business As Usual

The DPRK ratified the Paris Agreement on 1st August 2016 and fully committed to achieving goals for reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) in its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) which was submitted on 3rd October 2016. The DPRK’s INDC includes a mitigation and an adaptation component. In the mitigation component, as unconditional contribution, DPRK intends to achieve with domestic resources the reduction of GHG emissions by 8% by 2030 as compared to Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. Moreover, the conditional contributions are measures that could be implemented if additional international financial support, technology transfer and capacity building are received. The national contribution could be increased up to 40% with international support. This paper focuses on these mitigation targets for DPRK by an interesting case study of GHG emissions for a 12 year period from 1990 to 2002. We proposed the DPRK’s GHGs mitigation model by analyzing the Irish TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL–EFOM System) energy systems modelling tool, and proved the technical availability of CO2-8 scenario delivering an 8% emissions reduction target by 2030. We then compared the scenario results in terms of changes in energy technology, the role of energy efficiency and renewable energy.

Surface Water Quality Assessment. Case Study: Târnava Mare River, Mediaș Town-Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Cristina Roşu ◽  
◽  
Ioana Piştea ◽  
Carmen Roba ◽  
Mihaela Mihu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment

AQUIFER TESTS: EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL AND PRESENTATION EXPERIENCES AT A RESEARCH UNIVERSITY: A CASE STUDY WORKING WITH A LOCAL WATER DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hamilton ◽  
◽  
Stephanie S. Wong ◽  
Wynne Casteel ◽  
Ashley McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water District
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