scholarly journals Benefits of polymeric membranes in Oil and Gas produced water treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sutton-Sharp ◽  
J. Ravereau ◽  
M. Guennec ◽  
A. Brehant ◽  
R. Bonnard
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Ceramic Filtration

Abstract Falling oil prices and increased environmental concern lead oil and gas companies to reinject produced water(PW) to reduce both their water management costs and environmental footprint. Membrane processes are an attractive opportunity because they generate a higher quality effluent than conventional PW treatment technologies at a competitive cost. The objective of the study was to compare the performances of ten membranes to treat PW and identify which of the structural and operational characteristics of the membranes are the success factors to ensure cost-effective, long-term and reliable operation. In oil and gas applications, ceramic filtration media is often preferred owing to its high structural robustness. Nevertheless, polymeric membranes offer the benefits of being less expensive and result in a lower footprint and weight. Tests using real oilfield PW were run to assess and compare ten membranes according to their oil rejection rate, permeability, resistance to fouling, life expectancy and resistance to ageing. All membranes tested achieved more than 99% removal of insoluble oil versus 80–85% for conventional technologies. The permeability over time and resistance to fouling were used to identify the most reliable and cost-effective membranes. The robustness of polymeric membranes was confirmed based on good resistance to ageing.

scholarly journals Characterization and Treatment Technologies Applied for Produced Water in Qatar

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Hana D. Dawoud ◽  
Haleema Saleem ◽  
Nasser Abdullah Alnuaimi ◽  
Syed Javaid Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Oil Gas

Qatar is one of the major natural gas (NG) producing countries, which has the world’s third-largest NG reserves besides the largest supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Since the produced water (PW) generated in the oil and gas industry is considered as the largest waste stream, cost-effective PW management becomes fundamentally essential. The oil/gas industries in Qatar produce large amounts of PW daily, hence the key challenges facing these industries reducing the volume of PW injected in disposal wells by a level of 50% for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the reservoir. Moreover, it is important to study the characteristics of PW to determine the appropriate method to treat it and then use it for various applications such as irrigation, or dispose of it without harming the environment. This review paper targets to highlight the generation of PW in Qatar, as well as discuss the characteristics of chemical, physical, and biological treatment techniques in detail. These processes and methods discussed are not only applied by Qatari companies, but also by other companies associated or in collaboration with those in Qatar. Finally, case studies from different companies in Qatar and the challenges of treating the PW are discussed. From the different studies analyzed, various techniques as well as sequencing of different techniques were noted to be employed for the effective treatment of PW.

A review of treatment technologies for produced water in offshore oil and gas fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 145485
Author(s):  
Yiqian Liu ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Yudong Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Zhicheng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil

Biotreatment of Hydrate-Inhibitor-Containing Produced Waters at Low pH

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1254-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Janson ◽  
Ana Santos ◽  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Simon Judd ◽  
Ana Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Gas Field

Summary With proper treatment to remove organics and inorganics, one can use the produced water (PW) generated during oil-and-gas extraction as process water. Biotreatment is generally regarded as the most cost-effective method for organics removal, and although widely used in industrial wastewater treatment, PW biotreatment installations are limited. This paper follows up to an earlier paper published in the SPE Journal (Janson et al. 2014). Although the earlier paper assessed the biotreatability of PW from a Qatari gas field from the summer season, this paper focuses on assessing the biotreatability of PW during the winter season [i.e., containing the thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor monoethylene glycol (MEG) and a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI)]. Tests were conducted in batch and continuous reactors under aerobic mixed-culture conditions without pH control during 31 weeks. The results indicated that one could remove >80% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) through biological treatment of PW with 1.5% MEG added. In contrast, biotreatment can remove only ≈43% of COD and TOC present in PW when 1.5% KHI was added as a hydrate inhibitor; 2-butoxyethanol, a solvent in KHI, is extremely biodegradable; it was reduced in concentration from >5000 to <10 mg/L by biotreatment; the KHI polymer though was only partially biodegradable. Cloudpoint tests conducted on PW with 1.5% KHI added showed only an 8°C increase in cloudpoint temperature (from 35 to 43°C). The target cloudpoint temperature of >60°C was not achieved. Although the feed to the reactors (PW with either KHI or MEG) was at pH 4.5, the reactors stabilized at a pH of 2.6, considered extremely acidic for aerobic bioactivity. The successful operation of an aerobic biological process for an extended period of time at a pH of 2.6 was unexpected, and published reports of bioactivity at that pH are limited. After extensive analytical tests, it was concluded that the pH decrease was caused by the production of an inorganic acid. A mechanism by which hydrochloric acid could be produced biologically was proposed; however, further research in this area by the academic community is recommended.

scholarly journals Produced Water: An overview of treatment technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Simões ◽  
Roberto Macêdo-Júnior ◽  
Brenda Santos ◽  
Lucas Silva ◽  
Daniel Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Bibliometric Method ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Number Of Publications

Produced water is one of the single most significant waste streams in the oil and gas industry, and because it is a residue of complex chemical composition, it can't be simply discarded in the environment, it should receive appropriate treatments before. This paper presents a mapping of the quantitative evolution, referring to the leading publications on the study of water produced with a focus on treatments. A bibliometric method was then adopted to build a structured database with the selected articles and then analyzed the number of publications, countries, areas of impact, authors, keywords, periodicals, and affiliations. The thematic has proved to be an essential line of research over the years. The analysis was considered in the period between 1969 and 2017. Several indicators were observed regarding the development of academic and technological research on water produced as well as its treatment processes. The study was performed in the Scopus database search engine to gather data, and 2434 documents were identified, with 851 articles investigated more specifically. This paper highlights the need for constant future studies about the produced water to minimize not only pollution but also reduce operating costs.

scholarly journals TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCED WATER FROM OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Special) ◽  
pp. 3-130-3-148
Author(s):  
Anaheed S. Hameed ◽  
◽  
Mohammed N. Abbas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Absorption ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Exploration and production of oil and gas are two operations that have the ability to damage and polluted the environment. The most significant waste created by these operations is produced water. Since the produced water includes toxic pollutants in both organic and inorganic compounds, produced water from oil and gas extraction cannot be discharged directly into the environment. Uncontrolled discharge can cause damage to the environment, including the loss of marine and plant life. Until being discharged into the environment, the produced water must be treated to meet the quality requirements. This article reviewed the sources, characteristics, and extent of pollution caused by oil and gas producing water, as well as different technologies for treating or disposing it. Physical (absorption, membrane filtration etc.), chemical (oxidation and sedimentation) and biological processes can all be used to treat the produced water (activated sludge, biological air filters etc.) Because no single technology can satisfy the acceptable effluent properties, two or more treatment systems can be used in a sequential process.

Water treatment technology for produced water

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2372-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angéla Szép ◽  
Robert Kohlheb
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Large amounts of produced water are generated during oil and gas production. Produced water, as it is known in the oil industry, is briny fluid trapped in the rock of oil reservoirs. The objective of this study was to test produced waters from a Montana USA oilfield using a mobile station to design a plant to cost efficiently treat the produced water for agricultural irrigation. We used combined physical and chemical treatment of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits. This mobile station consists of three stages: pretreatments, membrane filtration and post treatment. Two spiral-wound membrane units were employed and the rejections of various constituents were examined. The performance of two membranes, 20 kDa weight cut-off (MWCO) ultrafiltration and a polyamide-composite reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. The mobile station effectively decreased conductivity by 98%, COD by 100% and the SAR by 2.15 mgeqv0.5 in the produced water tested in this study. Cost analysis showed that the treatment cost of produced water is less expensive than to dispose of it by injection and this treated water may be of great value in water-poor regions. We can conclude that the mobile station provided a viable and cost-effective result to beneficial use of produced water.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC DRILL CUTTINGS ON MORTAR PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi H. Almabrok ◽  
Robert G. McLaughlan ◽  
Kirk Vessalas
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
End Use

Drill cuttings from oil exploration are recognised as a major environmental concern. Current cost-effective treatment technologies often involve sending treated products to landfill without any potential end-use thereby rendering these solutions unsustainable. There is potential for using drill cuttings comprising of oily, saline and clayey waste materials as fine aggregate replacements in structural concretes requiring characteristic compressive strength from 20-32 MPa. Research into the hydration process as well as evaluating the fresh and hardened properties of mortars incorporating synthetic drill cuttings were undertaken. Replacement of sand by synthetic drill cuttings (up to 25% by weight) produced mortar with accelerated hydration as well as reduced flow and density. In addition, the 28-day compressive strength of mortar incorporating synthetic drill cuttings decreased by up to 50%. Satisfactory strength for all sand replacement levels evaluated in mortars was still attainable for reuse of these synthetic of drill cuttings as fine aggregate replacements in structural concretes.

The Use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Experimental Design of Membrane Treatment in Treating PW from Oil and Gas Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Munawar Zaman Shahruddin ◽  
Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd ◽  
Nurul Aimi Ghazali ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
Mohd Noor Hakimie Talib
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Response Condition ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Pressure Bar

Produced Water (PW) is a byproduct in the production of oil and gas. With various types of heavy metals and pollutants, it may harm human being and marine life. The objectives of this study are; 1) to study the performance of the fabricated membranes and 2) to verify the results by using the experimental design. The PW samples which is from Dulang field is treated using Polysulfone membranes that prepared by casting solutions consisting of polysulfone (PSf), N-methyl pyrrolidone (nmp), Bentonite, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The influence of PVP (0-7wt%) and Bentonite (0-7wt%) addition were investigated in terms of PW Flux (mL/cm2h) and TDS rejection rate (%). The amount of TDS in PW sample is 12g/L and the PSF membrane successfully reduced it up to 14%. The experimental results then used in Central Composite Model (CCM) under RSM which designate parameters (X) as Operating Pressure (bar), PVP (wt%) and Bentonite (wt%) to compute the optimum response condition (Y) as PW Flux and and TDS rejection rate in Design Expert software. The optimum condition achieved by PSf membrane is where the composition of 4.5wt% PVP, 6.0wt% Bentonite and Operating Pressure of 5.0 bar were used. Both methods showed the value of TDS decreased up to 14% after run through the membranes for several hours. Experimental and predicted result (DoE) for optimum condition is then compared to verify the error. The percent error calculated is 2.4% and 25.5% for PW Flux and TDS Rejection Rate respectively.

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