scholarly journals Meeting Melbourne's future demand for water using aquifer storage and recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hudson ◽  
C. Arabatzoudis
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Sand Aquifer ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract Melbourne is one of the fastest growing cities in Australia. City West Water (CWW) has developed an Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) Strategy which includes the development of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) schemes to store recycled water and storm water to assist with meeting future growth, where these schemes can be demonstrated to be viable and cost effective. The investigation and delivery of ASR projects by CWW is being undertaken in accordance with Australian guidelines, which set out a staged process for developing a scheme involving the use of recycled water. Detailed investigations into the Tertiary sand aquifer, including drilling, test pumping, injection testing, and groundwater and hydrochemical modelling, were used to inform the assessment process. These investigations have confirmed the viability of ASR at the lead site (West Werribee) following a risk-based multi-stage approach with increasing levels of assessment and financial commitment. An ASR scheme has now been constructed at West Werribee with injection trials proposed at a second site. This paper describes the staged investigation process, the key outcomes to date of CWW's investigations, the opportunities that ASR could enable, and the challenges of implementing ASR at CWW.

scholarly journals Evaluating Treatment Requirements for Recycled Water to Manage Well Clogging during Aquifer Storage and Recovery: A Case Study in the Werribee Formation, Australia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Vanderzalm ◽  
Declan W. Page ◽  
Karen E. Barry ◽  
Dennis Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Class A ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Cartridge Filter

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the intentional recharge of water to suitable aquifers for subsequent beneficial use or to achieve environmental benefits. Well injection techniques for MAR, such as Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR), rely on implementing appropriate design and defining the operational parameters to minimise well clogging and maintain sustainable rates of recharge over the long term. The purpose of this study was to develop water quality targets and pre-treatment requirements for recycled water to allow sustained recharge and recovery in a medium-coarse siliceous aquifer. The recharge water is a blend of 40% Class A recycled water and 60% reverse osmosis (RO)-treated Class A recycled water. Four source waters for MAR were evaluated: (1) this blend with no further treatment, and this blend with additional treatment using: (2) a 20 µm sediment cartridge filter, (3) a 5 µm sediment cartridge filter, or (4) a 5 µm granular activated carbon (GAC) cartridge filter. All four treatment options were also further disinfected with chlorine. The four blended and treated recycled waters were used in laboratory columns packed with aquifer material under saturated conditions at constant temperature (20.7 °C) with light excluded for up to 42 days. Substantial differences in the changes in hydraulic conductivity of the columns were observed for the different treatments within 14 days of the experiment, despite low turbidity (<2 NTU) of the blend waters. After 14 days, the GAC-treated water had a 7% decline in hydraulic conductivity, which was very different from the other three blend waters, which had declines of 39–52%. Based on these results and consistent with previous studies, a target biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) level of <0.2 mg/L was recommended to ensure a biologically stable source of water to reduce clogging during recharge.

scholarly journals Clogging Issues with Aquifer Storage and Recovery of Reclaimed Water in the Brackish Werribee Aquifer, Melbourne, Australia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Stuyfzand ◽  
Javier Osma
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Well Clogging

As part of an integrated water-cycle management strategy, City West Water (CWW) is conducting research to develop an aquifer storage recovery (ASR) scheme utilizing recycled water. In this contribution, we address the risk of well clogging based on two ASR bore pilots, each with intensive monitoring. Well clogging is a critical aspect of the strategy due to a projected high injection rate, a high clogging potential of recycled water, and a small diameter injection borehole. Microscopic and geochemical analysis of suspended solids in the injectant and backflushed water, demonstrate a significant contribution of diatoms, algae and colloidal or precipitating Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3 and MnO2. CWW is, therefore, testing additional prefiltration that includes a 20 μm spin Klin disc and 1–5 μm bag filter operating in series. In this paper, we present optimized methods to (i) detect the contribution of the injectant and aquifer particles to total suspended solids in backflushed water by hydrogeochemical analysis; and (ii) predict and reduce the risk of physical and biological clogging, by combination of the membrane filter index (MFI) method of Buik and Willemsen, a modification of the total suspended solids method of Bichara and an amendment of the exponential bacterial growth method of Huisman and Olsthoorn.

scholarly journals Potential for Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in South Bihar, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3502
Author(s):  
Somnath Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Aviram Sharma ◽  
Satiprasad Sahoo ◽  
Kishore Dhavala ◽  
Prabhakar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Surface Technique

Among the several options of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) techniques, the aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a well-known sub-surface technique to replenish depleted aquifers, which is contingent upon the selection of appropriate sites. This paper explores the potential of ASR for groundwater recharge in the hydrological, hydrogeological, social, and economic context of South Bihar in India. Based on the water samples from more than 137 wells and socio-economic surveys, ASR installations were piloted through seven selected entrepreneurial farmers in two villages of South Bihar. The feasibility of ASR in both hard rock and deep alluvial aquifers was demonstrated for the prominent aquifer types in the marginal alluvial plains of South Bihar and elsewhere. It was postulated through this pilot study that a successful spread of ASR in South Bihar can augment usable water resources for agriculture during the winter cropping season. More importantly, ASR can adapt to local circumstances and challenges under changing climatic conditions. The flexible and participatory approach in this pilot study also allowed the farmers to creatively engage with the design and governance aspects of the recharge pit. The entrepreneurial farmers-led model builds local accountability, creates avenues for private investments, and opens up the space for continued innovation in technology and management, while also committing to resource distributive justice and environmental sustainability.

Aspects of Water Quality Improvement during Aquifer Storage and Recovery

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Toze ◽  
Peter Dillon ◽  
Paul Pavelic ◽  
Brenton Nicholson ◽  
Michel Gibert
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Aquifer Storage

Utilizing Novel Expandable Steel Packers to Overcome Multi-Stage Fracturing Completion Deployment Challenges in Horizontal Gas Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebikebena M. Ombe ◽  
Ernesto G. Gomez ◽  
Aldia Syamsudhuha ◽  
Abdullah M. AlKwiter
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Gas Bearing ◽  
Productive Time

Abstract This paper discusses the successful deployment of Multi-stage Fracturing (MSF) completions, composed of novel expandable steel packers, in high pressure, high temperature (HP/HT) horizontal gas wells. The 5-7/8" horizontal sections of these wells were drilled in high pressure, high temperature gas bearing formations. There were also washed-outs & high "dog-legs" along their wellbores, due to constant geo-steering required to keep the laterals within the hydrocarbon bearing zones. These factors introduced challenges to deploying the conventional MSF completion in these laterals. Due to the delicate nature of their packer elastomers and their susceptibility to degradation at high temperature, these conventional MSF completions could not be run in such hostile down-hole conditions without the risk of damage or getting stuck off-bottom. This paper describes the deployment of a novel expandable steel packer MSF completion in these tough down-hole conditions. These expandable steel packers could overcome the challenges mentioned above due to the following unique features: High temperature durability. Enhanced ruggedness which gave them the ability to be rotated & reciprocated during without risk of damage. Reduced packer outer diameter (OD) of 5.500" as compared to the 5.625" OD of conventional elastomer MSF packers. Enhanced flexibility which enabled them to be deployed in wellbores with high dog-leg severity (DLS). With the ability to rotate & reciprocate them while running-in-hole (RIH), coupled with their higher annular clearance & tolerance of high temperature, the expandable steel packers were key to overcoming the risk of damaging or getting stuck with the MSF completion while RIH. Also, due to the higher setting pressure of the expandable steel packers when compared to conventional elastomer packers, there was a reduced risk of prematurely setting the packers if high circulating pressure were encountered during deployment. Another notable advantage of these expandable packers is that they provided an optimization opportunity to reduce the number of packers required in the MSF completion. In a conventional MSF completion, two elastomer packers are usually required to ensure optimum zonal isolation between each MSF stage. However, due to their superior sealing capability, only one expandable steel packer is required to ensure good inter-stage isolation. This greatly reduces the number of packers required in the MSF completion, thereby reducing its stiffness & ultimately reducing the probability of getting stuck while RIH. The results of using these expandable steel packers is the successful deployment of the MSF completions in these harsh down-hole conditions, elimination of non-productive time associated with stuck or damaged MSF completion as well as the safe & cost-effective completion in these critical horizontal gas wells.

Probabilistic Approach to Evaluation of Metal(loid) Fate During Stormwater Aquifer Storage and Recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Vanderzalm ◽  
Declan W. Page ◽  
Karen E. Barry ◽  
Kathleen Scheiderich ◽  
Dennis Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Aquifer Storage
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