An integrated sewage treatment pond-wetland challenges conventional process treatment performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
V. C. Personnaz ◽  
R. B. McKenzie ◽  
I. A. A. Kikkert
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Sewage Ponds

This paper presents a case example showing how integrating a constructed free water surface (FWS) wetland with sewage treatment ponds system can deliver effluent quality results that rival conventional sewage treatment plants (STP). Treatment ponds, commonly used in regional and remote communities, provide low cost and operationally simple wastewater treatment. Despite the benefits of sewage ponds, many systems struggle to achieve modern environmental standards. This paper focuses on the treatment performance of a pond-wetland STP throughout the initial 15-month establishment period of a 2,000 sqm FWS wetland at Helidon Queensland, Australia. The pre-existing STP comprised a two-stage pond with chlorination. In 2013, a two-cell FWS wetland was built to achieve long-term licence compliance at the STP for biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and pH. Post establishment, the effluent quality out of the wetlands was BOD <10 mg/L; SS < 20 mg/L; pH of 7–8 despite the influent BOD and TSS levels being well above the values used for the system's design. This paper demonstrates that FWS wetlands can easily integrate into existing or new sewage pond systems to deliver high quality and reliable treatment outcomes.

Septage dewatering in vertical-flow constructed wetlands located in the tropics

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koottatep ◽  
C. Polprasert ◽  
N. T.K. Oanh ◽  
U. Heinss ◽  
A. Montangero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
N Removal

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been proven to be an effective low-cost treatment system, which utilizes the interactions of emergent plants and microorganisms in the removal of pollutants. CWs for wastewater treatment are normally designed and operated in horizontal-flow patterns, namely, free-water surface or subsurface flow, while a vertical-flow operation is normally used to treat sludge or septage having high solid contents. In this study, three pilot-scale CW beds, each with a surface area of 25 m2, having 65 cm sand-gravel substrata, supported by ventilated-drainage system and planting with narrow-leave cattails (Typha augustifolia), were fed with septage collected from Bangkok city, Thailand. To operate in a vertical-flow mode, the septage was uniformly distributed on the surface of the CW units. During the first year of operation, the CWs were operated at the solid loading rates (SLR) and application frequencies of, respectively, 80-500 kg total solid (TS)/m2.yr and 1-2 times weekly. It was found that the SLR of 250 kg TS/m2.yr resulted in the highest TS, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal of 80, 96 and 92%, respectively. The TS contents of the dewatered septage on the CW beds were increased from 1-2% to 30-60% within an operation cycle. Because of the vertical-flow mode of operation and with the effectiveness of the ventilation pipes, there were high degrees of nitrification occurring in the CW beds. The nitrate (NO3) contents in the CW percolate were 180-250 mg/L, while the raw septage had NO3 contents less than 10 mg/L. Due to rapid flow-through of the percolates, there was little liquid retained in the CW beds, causing the cattail plants to wilt, especially during the dry season. To reduce the wilting effects, the operating strategies in the second year were modified by ponding the percolate in the CW beds for periods of 2 and 6 days prior to discharge. This operating strategy was found beneficial not only for mitigating plant wilting, but also for increasing N removal through enhanced denitrification activities in the CW beds. During these 2 year operations, the dewatered septage was not removed from the CW beds and no adverse effects on the septage dewatering efficiency were observed.

scholarly journals Shifts in the Microbial Community of Activated Sludge with Different COD/N Ratios or Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Tibet, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Lihua Niu ◽  
Zhen Xing
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

In this study, we examined the influence of the organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (chemical oxygen demand (COD/N)) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on the removal efficiency of pollutants and on the change in total microflora in the cyclic activated sludge system (CASS) in the Nyingchi prefecture in Tibet. The results demonstrated that the treatment performance was the best when the COD/N ratio was 7:1 or the DO levels were 2–2.5 mg/L in comparison with four different tested COD/N ratios (4:1, 5:1, 7:1, and 10:1) and DO concentrations (0.5–1, 1–2, 2–2.5, and 2.5–3.5 mg/L). The treatment performance can be explained by the relative operational taxonomic unit richness and evenness of the microbial communities in activated sludge. Evident microbial variance was observed, especially different COD/N ratios and DO concentrations, which were conducive to the disposal of urban sewage in plateaus. The results help to understand sewage treatment under different COD/N ratios or DO concentrations on plateaus. This work provides practical guidance for the operation of any wastewater treatment plant on a plateau.

scholarly journals Removal of Levafix Red from Aqueous Solution with Treated Jute Stick and its Relevance to Pharmaceutical Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Rayhan Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Nargish Jahan Ara ◽  
AM Shafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The adsorption of levafix red (LR) dye from waste water via batch adsorption onto treated jute stick powder was investigated. Studies concerning the factors influencing the adsorption such as adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and temperature were systematically investigated and discussed. The results revealed that the maximum removal of levafix red was ~91% from water. The kinetics data were analyzed using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. It was best described by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption equilibrium follows Langmuir isotherm. This result indicates that treated jute stick powder could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon for the removal of levafix red (LR) from waste water. Rapid industrialization in Bangladesh has resulted in increased water pollution that has higher dye level. Waste water from dyeing and finishing factories is a significant source of environmental pollution. The waste water is typically characterized by high levels of COD (chemical oxygen demand) concentration, high concentration of coloring material, large amount of suspended solids, highly fluctuating pH and high temperature. Dyes may therefore present an ecotoxic hazard and introduces the potential danger of bioaccumulation that may eventually affect man by transport through the food chain. As pharmaceutical industries use lots of water and intake of this type of water might have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, water purification is extremely essential for human and animal health and dye free water may be farther purified for its proper use.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 75-84, 2016

A Decade of Change at West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 555-571
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Melas ◽  
Raymond R Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Solids Processing

The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago's West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works consists of the West Side Treatment Works, an Imhoff facility placed in operation in 1930, and the Southwest Sewage Treatment Works, an activated sludge plant placed in operation in 1939. This paper focuses on the decade of “1970's” and examines changes in plant operating procedures along with plant additions and improvements that were implemented in order to meet stringent water quality and effluent standards. The effect of the energy crisis and the measures taken at the West-Southwest Sewage Treatment Works to lessen its impact are reported. Over the study period, very costly and energy intensive solids processing operations were either curtailed or eliminated. New and innovative processes of sludge handling were developed and implemented. The net effect of these changes in solids processing coupled with modifications in the secondary wastewater treatment operations have resulted in a significant improvement in the effluent quality of the plant. In the early seventies, the effluent concentration for suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and ammonia-nitrogen were 30, 23, and 12 mg/l, respectively; the corresponding values for these parameters in 1981 averaged 6, 6, and 1.4 mg/l.

Modelling Stormwater Quality of an Arid Urban Catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Hussein ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
K.N. Basim ◽  
Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Stormwater Pollution ◽  
Very High

Understanding quality of stormwater is important for effective urban rainwater treatment planning and management. In this study, the quality of stormwater runoff from an arid urban residential catchment located in the Karbala city of Iraq, draining through stormwater sewers was investigated. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to estimate the concentrations of pollutants in stormwater and wastewater in the sewer networks. The results showed that the concentrations of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) increased significantly after rain in the study area. The increase of TSS was very high compared to the BOD5. It is expected that the long-term simulations of stormwater pollution loading will help to compare the benefits of different scenarios of the sewage treatment plan for the reduction of the pollution in the storm discharge area.

scholarly journals Anaerobic biodegradability of dairy wastewater pretreated with porcine pancreas lipase

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Aguiar Mendes ◽  
Ernandes Benedito Pereira ◽  
Agenor Furigo Jr. ◽  
Heizir Ferreira de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Porcine Pancreas Lipase

Lipids-rich wastewater was partial hydrolyzed with porcine pancreas lipase and the efficiency of the enzymatic pretreatment was verified by the comparative biodegradability tests (crude and treated wastewater). Alternatively, simultaneous run was carried out in which hydrolysis and digestion was performed in the same reactor. Wastewater from dairy industries and low cost lipase preparation at two concentrations (0.05 and 0.5% w.v-1) were used. All the samples pretreated with enzyme showed a positive effect on organic matter removal (Chemical Oxygen Demand-COD) and formation of methane. The best results were obtained when hydrolysis and biodegradation were performed simultaneously, attaining high COD and color removal independent of the lipase concentration. The enzymatic treatment considerably improved the anaerobic operational conditions and the effluent quality (lower content of suspended solids and less turbidity). Thus, the use of enzymes such as lipase seemed to be a very promising alternative for treating the wastewaters having high fat and grease contents, such as those from the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Direct resource recovery from sewage using a combined system of anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment and food production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tanikawa ◽  
Kenta Shimomura ◽  
Daisuke Motokawa ◽  
Yuya Itoiri ◽  
Zen-Ichiro Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen

Abstract A combined system of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor, an aquarium tank (AT), and a constructed wetland (CWL) was proposed as a new concept for sewage treatment. The ABR and DHS reactor, AT, and CWL were applied for biological sewage treatment, bioassay, and nutrient removal with food production, respectively. Killifishes and tomatoes were cultivated in the AT and CWL, respectively. In the ABR, 81.3% of total chemical oxygen demand and 76.5% of total biochemical oxygen demand were removed at 5.1 h of the hydraulic retention time (HRT). Most remaining organic matter and 47.1% of ammonia were removed in the DHS reactor. In the CWL, 97.0% of total inorganic nitrogen and 78.6% of phosphate were removed with a 3.87 kg/m2 of tomatoes producing yield at 4.4 days of the HRT. In addition, anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria Candidatus Scalindua and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira and Nitorosococcus were considered as contributors to nitrogen removal in the CWL. The final effluent's water can be utilized as recycled water by installation of sand filtration and disinfection processes. Therefore, the proposed system can be applied as a low-energy, low-cost sewage treatment system with direct resource recovery.

scholarly journals DECREASING LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) AND AMMONIA USING MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL) METHOD IN TRADITIONAL ALCOHOL WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Brilliant Maulana Amara ◽  
Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Agriculture Residue ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Alcohol can be traditionally made from agriculture residue fermentation where in Sukonarjo Bekonang the waste is discharged into free water, high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Ammonia make the environment polluted. BOD is a way to characterize the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms for the degradation of organic matter under aerobic conditions. Ammonia in surface water comes from urine and feces as well as from oxidation of microbiological organic matter (HaObCcNa), which comes from natural water or industrial and occupant wastewater. By using the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method which improves soil function for organic wastewater treatment where the soil is a biological, physical, and chemical system that has been used for recycling and waste management for a long time being able to reduce BOD levels from alcohol waste from 51209.6 mg O2/L to 22409.6 mg O2/L and Ammonia levels from 30% to 24% with a fairly low cost.

Application of biochemical products as a bioremediation technique for domestic sewage treatment plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmiati ◽  
M.R. Salim ◽  
R.Md. Hassan ◽  
K.Y. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Overall Performance

Biochemical products have been widely used for treatment of various types of wastewater. The treatment processes with the addition of biochemical products are quite attractive because of their simplicity, minimal use of equipment, they are environmentally friendly and are suitable for the removal of organic pollutants. The purpose of these products is to enhance the activities of beneficial microbes in order to improve treatment performance. This study was carried out to determine the potential of applying biochemical products in assisting and improving the performance of sewage treatment plants. In this study, four biochemical products, namely: Zeolite, Bio-C, Eco-B and Was-D, were applied to the sewage treatment plant. Analyses were carried out on several water quality parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), oil & grease (O&G), phosphorus (P), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and sludge thickness (ST). From the results obtained, it can be seen that the overall performance of the treatment plant improved with most of the parameters studied were found to fulfill the DOE Standard B requirements. The performance of Bio-C was found to give better results than other products.

Low Cost Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant for Production of High Quality Effluent at Small Works

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chambers ◽  
J. Whitaker ◽  
A. F. Elvidge
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
The Uk

In the UK there are over 7000 small works which treat the sewage from populations of less than 10,000. Many of these works are at risk of non-compliance with effluent quality consents and options for improving the standard of treatment are being pursued by many utilities. WRc and Anglian Water Services have developed designs for packaged sewage treatment plants to serve populations in the range of 1000-10,000. A demonstration plant has been constructed at the Waterbeach STW of Anglian Water to serve a population of about 6,500. Target effluent quality is 15:20:5mg/l of BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen respectively on a 95 percentile basis. Following plant commissioning a process performance evaluation programme was commenced in February 1991. Nitrification was established after about 6 weeks of operation but suspended solids values have been affected by the presence of a stable foam on the surface of the aeration tank. Process modifications have reduced the effect of this phenomenon substantially and effluent quality has improved.

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