Practical use of new system for highly efficient recovery of energy from sewage and garbage

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-545
Author(s):  
Fumitaka Shinya ◽  
Hirokazu Tsuboi ◽  
Atsushi Miyata ◽  
Masao Shimada ◽  
Hiromasa Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

This study discusses efforts being made to realize energy self-sufficiency in a sewage treatment plant, and to achieve both energy conservation with low-load water treatment based on thorough, intensive solid–liquid separation and ‘energy production’ by using sludge treatment capable of converting recovered biomass into energy with maximum efficiency. Intensive solid–liquid separation resulted in higher suspended solids and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal rates than those achieved with conventional primary settling tanks. Using thermophilic digestion of raw sludge, recovered by intensive solid–liquid separation, and garbage as substrates, the Volatile Solids (VS) decomposition rate was 70% and generated digestion gas was 759 Nm3/t-loaded VS on average under conditions of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 5 days and a VS load of 6.0 kg-VS/m3/day. The generated digestion gas was totally used to generate power with phosphoric acid fuel cells.

scholarly journals POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO ◽  
PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA ◽  
VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA ◽  
RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB     LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA3 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ4.   1 Mestranda em Gestão e Regulação em Recursos Hídricos, Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Profa. Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Prof. Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A água é um recurso finito que se encontra escasso, o que justifica a busca por gestão e inovação de práticas que a preserve. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar o potencial de reúso dos efluentes tratados para irrigação periurbana. Foram levantados dados de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE), localizada no município de Guarabira, PB, e operada pela Companhia de Água e Esgotos do Estado da Paraíba (CAGEPA), durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Analisou-se os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos: Potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH), Condutividade Elétrica (CE), Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Sólidos Totais (ST), Oxigênio Dissolvido (OD), Fósforo Total, e Coliformes Termotolerantes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e expresso em valores mínimos, máximos e médios. Os indicadores foram satisfatórios para irrigação restrita, porém com a necessidade de tratamento complementar para determinados cultivos. O potencial de reúso   dos efluentes tratados na ETE pode beneficiar uma área de 118,7 ha considerando uma demanda de irrigação de 18.000 m³ ha-1 ano-1, o que demonstra ser um recurso sustentável e que precisa ser regulamentado no Brasil.   Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, resíduos líquidos, tratamento de água, fertirrigação.     BERNARDINO, L. M.; COSTA, P. S.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FERRAZ, L. R. S. REUSE POTENTIAL OF TREATED EFFLUENTS FOR PERIURBAN IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUARABIRA/PB     2 ABSTRACT   Water is at the center of sustainable development and a finite resource that is in short supply, which justifies the search for management and innovation of practices that preserve it. This research aims to evaluate the potential for reuse of treated effluent for periurban irrigation. Data were collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), located in the municipality of Guarabira, PB, and operated by the Water and Sewage Company of the State of Paraíba (CAGEPA), during the period from January to December 2019, with the analysis of the following physicochemical and bacteriological parameters: Hipogenic Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (CE), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO), Total Solids (ST), Dissolved Oxygen (OD), Total Phosphorus, and Thermotolerant Coliforms. The data were submitted to the descriptive analysis and expressed as minimum, maximum and average values. The indicators were satisfactory for restricted irrigation, but with the need for complementary treatment for certain crops. The potential for reuse of the effluents treated in the ETE can benefit an area of 118.7 ha considering an irrigation demand of 18,000 m³ ha-1 year-1, which demonstrates to be a sustainable resource that needs to be regulated in Brazil.   Keywords: Water resources, liquid waste, water treatment, fertigation.

scholarly journals Obtaining filamentous fungi and lipases from sewage treatment plant residue for fat degradation in anaerobic reactors

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cristina P. Lima ◽  
Magali C. Cammarota ◽  
Melissa L.E. Gutarra
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors

A residue from the primary treatment of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was used to isolate filamentous fungi with lipase production potential. Two of the 27 isolated fungi presented high hydrolysis index and were selected for lipase production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The fermentations were conducted at 30 °C for 48 h, with moist air circulation, using 20% (w/w) of the residue mixture with a basal medium (agroindustrial residue—babassu cake), obtaining a solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) with lipase activity of 19 U/g with the fungus identified as Aspergillus terreus. Scum, collected in an anaerobic reactor operating in a WWTP, was hydrolyzed with SEP and subjected to anaerobic biodegradability tests at 30 °C. Different dilutions of crude (Control) or hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage were evaluated. The dilution of 5% (v/v) of hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage proved the most adequate, as it resulted in higher methane yield compared to the raw sewage (196 and 133 mL CH4/g CODadded, respectively), without increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated sewage (138 and 134 mg/L). The enzymatic hydrolysis of the scum, followed by dilution in the influent sewage, is technically feasible and increases methane production in anaerobic reactors.

scholarly journals Performance of wild-Serbian Ganoderma lucidum mycelium in treating synthetic sewage loading using batch bioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Henriette Stokbro Jensen ◽  
Anita Klaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
N Removal

Abstract The fluctuation of domestic wastewater characteristic inhibits the current conventional microbial-based treatment. The bioremediation fungi has received attention and reported to be an effective alternative to treat industrial wastewater. Similar efficient performance is envisaged for domestic wastewater whereby assessed performance of fungi for varying carbon-to-nitrogen ratios in domestic wastewater is crucial. Thus, the performance of pre-grown wild-Serbian Ganoderma lucidum mycelial pellets (GLMPs) was evaluated on four different synthetic domestic wastewaters under different conditions of initial pH (pH 4, 5, and 7) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of 3.6:1, 7.1:1, 14.2:1, and 17.8:1 (C3.6N1, C7.1N1, C14.2N1, and C17.8N1). The COD/N ratios with a constant concentration of ammonia–nitrogen (NH3–N) were chosen on the basis of the urban domestic wastewater characteristics sampled at the inlet basin of a sewage treatment plant (STP). The parameters of pH, COD, and NH3–N were measured periodically during the experiment. The wild-Serbian GLMPs efficiently removed the pollutants from the synthetic sewage. The COD/N ratio of C17.8N1 wastewater had the best COD and NH3–N removal, as compared to the lower COD/N ratio, and the shortest treatment time was obtained in an acidic environment at pH 4. The highest percentage for COD and NH3–N removal achieved was 96.0% and 93.2%, respectively. The results proved that the mycelium of GLMP has high potential in treating domestic wastewater, particularly at high organic content as a naturally sustainable bioremediation system.

The Effects of Aluminum Sludge From Water Purification on Municipal Primary Sewage Treatment

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
J. D. O’Blenis ◽  
T.R. Warriner
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Alum Sludge

Abstract The current widespread practice of disposal of water filtration plant wastes by direct discharge to receiving waters is coming under critical review by regulatory agencies. Among the alternatives for management of these wastes is the possibility of disposal to sanitary sewer systems. Since a recent nation-wide survey had established alum sludge as the most common waste generated by filtration plants, research was initiated to study the effects of water plant alum sludge on primary sewage treatment. A pilot primary sewage treatment plant was constructed and operated with a raw sewage feed of five litres per minute. A laboratory jar test program was conducted to supplement pilot plant operation. Sludges from two different water purification plants were tested along with alum and combinations of alum and water purification plant sludge for their effects on the removal of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphates. The data showed jar testing to be a good indicator of pilot plant performance. Suspended solids, COD and phosphate removal efficiencies were improved by the addition of the sludges. The phosphate removal capacity of water treatment plant alum sludge was approximately the same as that reported for aluminum hydroxide, or about 1/7 to 1/9 of that determined for alum (as Aluminum). Recycling of the sludges improved phosphate removal performance.

Observations on Final Sedimentation at Vienna's Main Treatment Plant, Austria

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
H Fleckseder ◽  
D Fruhwirth
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Despite the shallow tank depth (2,3 m) and high hydraulic surface loading (at design flow, 1,0 m3 m−2h−1), solid - liquid separation at Vienna-Simmering seems to be good. This was the reason that an investigation was started into the behaviour of the final sedimentation tanks at Vienna-Simmering. The work performed centered around the question of mass transport of mixed liquor into and out of final clarifiers, i.e. the transport in thickening, intermittent sludge collection (with scraper blades) and the mass balance around final tanks. Looking upon the findings and published information, it seems that the importance of mass transport of sludge in collection and flow out of tank has been somewhat neglected.

An operational survey of a natural lagoon treatment plant combining macrophytes and microphytes basins

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Louis Vandevenne
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
In Series ◽  
Better Than

The sewage treatment plant studied, located in a rural area, is designed to treat the wastewater for a population of 650. The station functions in accordance with the principle of natural lagoons via artificial wetlands combining macrophytes and microphytes lagoons arranged in series. The overall surface area including the primary lagoon gives rise to a specific load of 6 m2/inhabitant. Both the primary and secondary treatments produce a very good water quality in accordance with the conventional parameters (SS, Suspended Solids; BOD5, the Biological Oxygen Demand over a 5 day period; COD, the Chemical Oxygen Demand). The tertiary purification of the nitrogen and phosphorus does not give as good results as expected, respectively 42% and 35% removal; very little better than those of a conventional installation. The tertiary quality standard appears not to be attainable since the successive biological mechanisms carrying out the elimination process are followed by a release of the pollutants and an insufficient elimination (plant exportation) by the macrophytes. The design and management of the macrophytes basins is relatively tricky, particularly with respect to the removal of weeds and the regulation of the water level in the macrophytes basins.

Wastewater quality relationships with reuse options

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Reuse Options

The trend towards reuse of effluent for land application of domestic and industrial wastewater is driven by the need to maximise limited water resources and benefit from the plant nutrients available in the effluent. Of significant impact upon the value of the wastewater for reuse is its chemical properties as well as biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. While the sewage treatment plant is expected to treat all wastewater received to a minimum environmental standard, no efforts are given to reducing the chemical load derived from uses of chemicals in the domestic household. That the regulation of industry and commerce far exceeds those of the combined effects of thousands of household is remiss of environmental regulators. This paper examines the results of research into the more common sources of chemical additives to the wastewater stream. Twenty five potable water supplies are examined for their salt load, 20 liquid and 40 powder laundry detergents and five dishwashing products were used to simulate discharges to the sewer, measured for their phosphorus, salt and sodium concentrations. The results of the research indicate that choices in the products available for general use within the house can be made only where product labelling and consumer education is improved. Technical improvements in wastewater treatment are not the answer. The improvement in effluent quality will have significant beneficial effects upon land application areas and expand the range of reuse options available for commercial operations.

scholarly journals Microbial Fuel Cell with Ni–Co Cathode Powered with Yeast Wastewater

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Włodarczyk ◽  
Barbara Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Yeast Wastewater

Wastewater originating from the yeast industry is characterized by high concentration of pollutants that need to be reduced before the sludge can be applied, for instance, for fertilization of croplands. As a result of the special requirements associated with the characteristics of this production, huge amounts of wastewater are generated. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) forms a device that can apply wastewater as a fuel. MFC is capable of performing two functions at the same time: wastewater treatment and electricity production. The function of MFC is the production of electricity during bacterial digestion (wastewater treatment). This paper analyzes the possibility of applying yeast wastewater to play the function of a MFC (with Ni–Co cathode). The study was conducted on industrial wastewater from a sewage treatment plant in a factory that processes yeast sewage. The Ni–Co alloy was prepared by application of electrochemical method on a mesh electrode. The results demonstrated that the use of MFC coupled with a Ni–Co cathode led to a reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 90% during a period that was similar to the time taken for reduction in COD in a reactor with aeration. The power obtained in the MFC was 6.1 mW, whereas the volume of energy obtained during the operation of the cell (20 days) was 1.27 Wh. Although these values are small, the study found that this process can offer an additional level of wastewater treatment as a huge amount of sewage is generated in the process. This would provide an initial reduction in COD (and save the energy needed to aerate wastewater) as well as offer the means to generate electricity.

Study on the membrane bioreactor for treating surfactant wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Ran ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Pei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Start Up

Abstract The main component of surfactant is linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which is toxic to the ecological environment and can cause serious harm. In this study, some activated sludge was taken from the aerobic and anaerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant in Shenzhen, then cultivated and domesticated in a membrane bioreactor with artificial surfactant wastewater. The start-up phase of the reactor adapted the constant-flux filtration, and the HRT was 12 h. The pH was below 5.5, which needed the addition of NaHCO3 after 6 days to adjust to the more optimal level (pH 6.5–7.5). After operation for 20 days, the start-up of the system was considered successful. At the early stage, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and LAS were relatively stable, reaching as high as 85.49%–93.31% and 80%, respectively. When the LAS concentration reached over 175 mg/L and the COD declined to about 83%, the removal rate of LAS also significantly decreased. LAS removal rate further decreased to about 60% when the dosage reached 200 mg/L, indicating that the resistance of microorganisms against LAS toxicity was also limited. LAS degradation could have been mainly driven by Dechloromonas, Gemmata, Pseudomonas and Zoogloea in the system.

scholarly journals Designing a Decentralized Sewage Treatment Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Tareq Ahmed Ismaeel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Inorganic Substances

The contamination in Tigress and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq has reached a high level for several reasons; one of these reasons is the discharged of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in the rivers, as well as other wastewater treatment plants. But the major problem is to taker discharge of wastewater to the river directly with no treatment! Many tankers in different places in all governorates in Iraq are utilized because of the absence of sewers which collecting the domestic discharge. Wastewater discharge in the rivers increases the pollution levels and especially when the river level decreases during summer seasons. In the last few years, the pollution was dramatically exacerbated. In this paper, an optimum Design for Decentralized Sewage Treatment Plant will be presented. Discharge of sewage tanks in the Tigris River has a severe negative impact on the environment; causing a deficiency in the dissolved oxygen in the water and increasing the limits of toxicity due to the accumulation of organic and inorganic substances. Pollution has become a serious issue that directly affects the aquatic life, agriculture, and people. The design unit has good specifications for effluent water discharge. TSS (Total Suspended Solid) decreased to less than 10 ppm, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) to less than 10 ppm, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) to less than 50 ppm. The designed unit showed a good and easy operation and maintenance with less chemicals used.

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