Lessons learned during startup, testing and optimization of membrane bioreactors systems for enhanced nutrient removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Maillard ◽  
K. L. Perri ◽  
J. M. VerNooy ◽  
T. A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Initial Process

Membrane bioreactors are known for producing high quality effluent from wastewater treatment facilities in order to meet stringent regulatory requirements (Fleischer et al. 2005), accommodate growth (Vadiveloo & Cisterna 2008), provide opportunities for water reuse (Schmidt et al. 2011), and achieve other operational goals for various municipalities, utilities and industries (Cummings & Frenkel 2008). The process of testing, starting up and optimizing an MBR process for enhanced nutrient removal at the end of a construction project is often overlooked. Even a well-designed MBR can fail to meet expectations if the system is not properly configured during the startup phase, making this a critical step in any successful implementation of membrane technology. The startup phase of two municipal MBR plants were compared to demonstrate the importance of various strategies for initial process optimization, with a focus on lessons learned, techniques and performance expectations that can be applied to future projects.

scholarly journals Cost comparison of full-scale water reclamation technologies with an emphasis on membrane bioreactors

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2562-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Pedro Simón ◽  
Lucas Moragas ◽  
Augusto Arce ◽  
Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

The paper assesses the costs of full-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) of Spanish MBR facilities have been verified and compared to activated sludge plants (CAS) using water reclamation treatment (both conventional and advanced). Spanish MBR facilities require a production of 0.6 to 1.2 kWh per m3, while extended aeration (EA) and advanced reclamation treatment require 1.2 kWh per m3. The energy represents around 40% of the OPEX in MBRs. In terms of CAPEX, the implementation costs of a CAS facility followed by conventional water reclamation treatment (physical–chemical + sand filtration + disinfection) ranged from 730 to 850 €.m−3d, and from 1,050 to 1,250 €.m−3d in the case of advanced reclamation treatment facilities (membrane filtration) with a capacity of 8,000 to 15,000 m3d−1. The MBR cost for similar capacities ranges between 700 and 960 €.m−3d. This study shows that MBRs that have been recently installed represent a cost competitive option for water reuse applications for medium and large capacities (over 10,000 m3d−1), with similar OPEX to EA and conventional water reclamation treatment. In terms of CAPEX, MBRs are cheaper than EA, followed by advanced water reclamation treatment.

Lessons Learned after a Decade of Collaborative Nutrient Removal Research: What’s in the Future?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
JB Neethling ◽  
David Clark ◽  
David Stensel ◽  
Julian Sandino ◽  
Roy Tsuchihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Future

Compositional and Performance Mapping in Computer Chamber Music: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lyon ◽  
R. Benjamin Knapp ◽  
Gascia Ouzounian
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mapping Problem ◽  
Software Interfaces ◽  
Digital Synthesis ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Physical Gestures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Musical Interaction

The mapping problem is inherent to digital musical instruments (DMIs), which require, at the very least, an association between physical gestures and digital synthesis algorithms to transform human bodily performance into sound. This article considers the DMI mapping problem in the context of the creation and performance of a heterogeneous computer chamber music piece, a trio for violin, biosensors, and computer. Our discussion situates the DMI mapping problem within the broader set of interdependent musical interaction issues that surfaced during the composition and rehearsal of the trio. Through descriptions of the development of the piece, development of the hardware and software interfaces, lessons learned through rehearsal, and self-reporting by the participants, the rich musical possibilities and technical challenges of the integration of digital musical instruments into computer chamber music are demonstrated.

DESIGN OF AN INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL FACTORY USING CELL FORMATION METHODOLOGIES

2003 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KESAVADAS ◽  
M. ERNZER
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Virtual Factory ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
And Performance

This paper describes an interactive virtual environment for modeling and designing factories and shop floors. The factory building tool is developed as an open architecture in which various modules can be utilized to quickly implement factory design algorithms ranging from plant layout to factory flow analysis. Software modules and utilities have been implemented to allow easy set-up of the visual interface. In this paper, this virtual factory is used to implement cellular manufacturing (CM) system. CM has traditionally been a very complicated system to implement in practice. However successful implementation of the system has improved productivity immersely. Several issues involved in implementing CM within our virtual factory machine modeling and interface designs for defining the cells, are discussed. The mathematical clustering algorithm called Modified Boolean Method was implemented to automatically generate complex virtual environments. The virtual factory makes the process of CM-based factory design a very easy and intuitive process. Though the cell formation problem is NP-complete in 2D space, issues related to human factors and ergonomics can be better perceived in a 3D virtual environment. It also leads to further optimization with respect to maintainability and performance, and thus help get better solutions, which are not visible unless the factory is built. Our virtual factory interface also allows easy reassignment of machines and parts, subcontracting of bottleneck parts and rearranging of machines within the same design environment, making this a productive industrial tool. 3D virtual factory can also be automatically generated from the Part Machine interface called the Virtual Matrix Interface.

Nutrient Removal Using BauxsolTM for Treated Wastewater Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Soo Mun ◽  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
Jeong Yul Suh ◽  
Ree Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

Urban areas consume huge amounts of water and produce much wastewater, which deteriorate the aquatic environment and exhaust the country’s freshwater resources. Water reuse from sewage and wastewater is recognized as a good option for securing water. There are several kinds of processes for improving the water quality. Nutrient removal is very important for water reuse, especially in water supply for outdoor use, to prevent water quality deterioration via eutrophication. Moreover, low cost and easy maintenance should be considered for nutrient removal. In this study, red mud and BauxsolTM, a mixed mineral powder made of physicochemically modified red mud residue generated by the Bayer process for alumina refineries, was used for the removal of nitrate and heavy metals in artificial solution, and of phosphate in final effluent, from a sewage treatment plant in Dae-gu, Republic of Korea. Nitrate removal by red mud showed little efficiency while heavy metal removal showed high efficiency. The concentrations of the total phosphate in the effluent and treated water were 1.51 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, which represent about 90.7% removal. Before and after the treatment, the pH was maintained at a neutral range of 6.5-7.2. BauxsolTM also showed a high heavy metal removal capacity. Therefore, BauxsolTM in powder and pellet form can be applied individually or mixed with soil to improve water quality for water reuse.

A project control process in pre‐construction phases

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al‐Reshaid ◽  
Nabil Kartam ◽  
Narendra Tewari ◽  
Haya Al‐Bader
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Project Control ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Content Type

PurposeIt is a well‐known fact that the construction industry always passes through two distinctive problems during the construction stage: slippages of project‐schedules, i.e. time‐frame, and overruns of project‐costs, i.e. budget. However, limited literature is available to solve or dilute these two problems before they even occur. It is strongly believed that the bulk of the two mentioned problems can be mitigated to a great extent, if not eliminated, provided that proper attention is paid to the pre‐construction phases of projects. Normally projects are implemented through traditionally old techniques which generally emphasize only solving “construction problems during the construction phase”. The aim of this article is therefore to unveil a professional methodology known as Project Control System (PCS) focusing on pre‐construction phases of construction projects.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, the authors share the lessons learned during implementation of Kuwait University projects worth approximately $400 million in a span of ten years. The task of the project management/construction management (PM/CM) is being provided to the university by a joint venture team of international and local specialists.FindingsThe pre‐construction methodology ensures smooth and successful implementation during construction phases of the projects as they are generally executed in a fast‐pace, deadline‐driven and cost‐conscious environment. The intuitive proactive methods, if implemented during pre‐construction stage, automatically answer the questions that are encountered during the execution periods of projects.Originality/valueIn this article, the authors share the lessons learned during PM/CM during projects over a span of ten years, which could be of use to others.

Serviceability Assessment of a Printed Finish on T-Shirts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Reannan Riedy ◽  
Meredith McQuerry
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Soil Release ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Change Material

To improve the comfort of agricultural workers, a T-shirt with a printed active cooling finish was evaluated to determine if it would meet the wash life durability and performance expectations of such an arduous application. Six shirts with a printed phase change material (PCM) finish and six shirts without (control) were washed 50 times to replicate a typical consumer wash life. Shirts were evaluated for absorbency, dimensional change, colorfastness, crocking, abrasion resistance, soil release, and smoothness retention according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. Testing was conducted before laundering and after 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 consumer laundry (CL) cycles. Absorbency and dimensional change were significantly influenced by the PCM finish. Results demonstrate the appropriateness of adopting such a finish technology for agricultural worker clothing applications.

Health Services Research at United HealthCare Corporation: The Role of the Center for Health Care Policy and Evaluation

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Peterson ◽  
Deborah Shatin ◽  
Douglas Mccarthy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Managed Care ◽  
Health Services Research ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Services Research ◽  
And Performance

This article describes collaborative health services research and performance evaluation activities at United HealthCare Corporation, a national health care management services company. We outline the development of a research capacity within our company, the principal data sources used, and the types of research conducted. The importance of health services research within a managed care system is illustrated using two projects as examples. finally, we discuss issues faced by organizations such as ours in defining appropriate research priorities, ensuring health plan participation, and disseminating research findings. Lessons learned should be of interest to health services researchers working in or collaborating with managed care organizations as well as others seeking to understand the dynamics of research in private-sector health care companies.

GENDER AND THE POLITICS OF MUSIC IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC COURTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 235-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Musical Semiotics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Courts

Until the ninth century, the role of the professional musician in pre-Islamic Arabia and Mesopotamia was primarily fulfilled by women. Men were socially prohibited from working as musicians, though some transgressed gender and social boundaries by adopting feminine dress and playing ‘women's’ instruments. With the advent of Islam, patronage of qiyān (singing girls), mukhannathūn (effeminates) and later, male musicians, did not substantially change. During the early Abbasid era (750–950 ce), however, their collective visibility in court entertainments was among several factors leading to debates regarding the legal position of music in Islam. The arguments for and against took place in the realm of politics and interpretation of religious law yet the influence of traditional expectations for gendered musical performance that had existed on the cultural landscape for millennia also contributed to the formation of a musical semiotics used by both sides.In this article, I examine the representation of musicians in the early Islamic court in Baghdad from the perspective of select ninth-century Arabic texts. First, I begin with a summary of the gender roles and performance expectations for pre-Islamic court musicians and point to their continuation into the early Islamic courts. Then, I suggest how the figure of the musician became a key referent in the development of a musical semiotics used in medieval Islamic music discourse.

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