Applying online UV/Vis-spectrometry for process control of an ozonation step for advanced wastewater treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
H. Schaar ◽  
L. Kornfeind ◽  
S. Winkler ◽  
E. Saracevic ◽  
N. Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Mean Relative Error ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Advanced Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Good Agreement

The ozonation of tertiary effluent for advanced wastewater treatment requires a comprehensive control strategy in order to guarantee stable, efficient and economic operation. In the present study the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the influent to the ozonation plant was selected as key control parameter and residual ozone in the effluent was included as a secondary control. The objective was to evaluate UV/Vis (ultraviolet-visible)-spectrometry for the calculation of equivalent concentrations for the control parameters DOC and ozone using cross-validated PLSR models. The results of the DOC model were in good agreement with the laboratory reference data. Eighty percent of the validation data had a relative error below 10%, while the mean relative error was 1.5%. Despite the interference of the organic matrix with ozone in the UV-range an independent ozone model was developed achieving a mean relative error of 5.6%. Based on the results obtained in this study, the novel approach of using UV/Vis-spectrometry for process control of effluent ozonation proved to have a high potential for practical application.

scholarly journals Approach to the Highest HXR Yield in Plasma Focus Device Using Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System to Optimize Anode Configuration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahtab ◽  
M. Taghipour ◽  
G. H. Roshani ◽  
M. Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Plasma Focus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Inference System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Relative Error ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System ◽  
Good Agreement

Adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is investigated to optimize the configuration of anode shape in plasma focus devices to achieve the highest X-ray yield. Variables of discharge voltage, filling gas pressure, and angles of anode slopes (Φ1 and Φ2) are chosen as input parameters, while the output is designated to be the radiated hard X-ray intensity. The trained ANFIS has achieved good agreement with the experimental results and has mean relative error percentages (MRE%) 1.12% and 2.18% for training and testing data, respectively. The study demonstrates that adaptive neurofuzzy inference system is useful, reliable, and low-cost way to interpret the highest X-ray yield and corresponding anode configuration in plasma focus devices.

Exploring normative perceptions and misperceptions of private, environmentally impactful behaviours

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Gallagher ◽  
Bas Verplanken ◽  
Ian Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Normative Influence ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Referent Group

Social norms have been shown to be an effective behaviour change mechanism across diverse behaviours, demonstrated from classical studies to more recent behaviour change research. Much of this research has focused on environmentally impactful actions. Social norms are typically utilised for behaviour change in social contexts, which facilitates the important element of the behaviour being visible to the referent group. This ensures that behaviours can be learned through observation and that deviations from the acceptable behaviour can be easily sanctioned or approved by the referent group. There has been little focus on how effective social norms are in private or non-social contexts, despite a multitude of environmentally impactful behaviours occurring in the home, for example. The current study took the novel approach to explore if private behaviours are important in the context of normative influence, and if the lack of a referent groups results in inaccurate normative perceptions and misguided behaviours. Findings demonstrated variance in normative perceptions of private behaviours, and that these misperceptions may influence behaviour. These behaviours are deemed to be more environmentally harmful, and respondents are less comfortable with these behaviours being visible to others, than non-private behaviours. The research reveals the importance of focusing on private behaviours, which have been largely overlooked in the normative influence literature.

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

Energy Savings at Phoenix 23rd Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Feed-Forward Process Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (13) ◽  
pp. 3722-3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Walz ◽  
J.R. Coughenour ◽  
Kevin Williams ◽  
John Jacobs ◽  
Larry Shone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Forward Process
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