Ceramac®-19 demonstration plant ceramic microfiltration at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Galjaard ◽  
Jonathan Clement ◽  
Wui Seng Ang ◽  
Mong Hoo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Ceramic membrane technology is used in water treatment due to the robustness of ceramic membranes, but ceramic membrane systems are costly as each membrane module is housed in individual casing. PWNT has developed a ceramic membrane system called the CeraMac which greatly reduced the capital cost of installing the system by housing up to 200 modules in a single stainless steel vessel. PWNT and PUB have jointly started a 18-month operation at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks (CCKWW). In this paper, the results of the optimization runs using settled water as feed has shown that membrane operation at flux of 200 lmh can be sustained with stable transmembrane pressure (TMP) and permeability, and the proposal to apply 0.5 mg/L residual ozone to the feed to investigate the effect of ozonated feed on membrane operational performance and fouling will be discussed.

Comparative analytical study of Ashuddha Karaveera and Shuddha Karaveera

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apeksha D. Patil ◽  
Dhiraj B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel ◽  
The Impact

Karaveera (Cerebra thevetia Linn.) is reported under Upavisha Dravya in classical ayurvedic pharmacopeias. It is observed that Shodhana (purification procedures) of the mool should be carried out before its internal administration. There are different Shodhana methods mentioned in Ayurveda. In this study Godugdha was used as media. The impact of Shodhana was evaluated by physico analytical study. It clearly proves physico analytical changes during Shodhana. Ashuddha Karaveera was taken on white clean cloth and they dumped in Pottali with Godugdha. Pottali was tied to middle of wooden rod dipped in Godugdha in stainless steel vessel and mild heat given to pottali in Dolayantra. Shuddha Karaveera was obtained and then washed with leuk warm water and dried. Ashuddha Karaveera contains toxin in it which was removed after Shodhana process. So that foreign matter, loss on drying was less in Shuddha Karaveera and due to Shodhan process with Godugdha total ash, acid insoluble ash was more than that of Ashuddha Karaveera.

Assessing Consumer Preference for Product Features Selection : Solar Cookers

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Naik ◽  
Girja Sharan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Features Selection ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel

Previous studies on solar cookers currently available in the market had indicated the need for redesigning to suit user requirements better. In order to help design engineers in developing next generation solar cookers, Gopal Naik and Girja Sharan use conjoint analysis to quantify values or utilities the users⁄ potential users associate with each important feature they desire Analysis reveals that three important features are: stainless steel vessel as against aluminium, provision of an electrical backup as against an exclusive solar device, and installation of an indicator to enable the user to judge the degree to which cooking has progressed.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems at Pilot Scale for Agave Fructans Fractionation and Purification

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Noe Luiz-Santos ◽  
Rogelio Prado-Ramírez ◽  
Enrique Arriola-Guevara ◽  
Rosa-María Camacho-Ruiz ◽  
Lorena Moreno-Vilet
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Systems

Ceramic and polymeric membrane systems were compared at the pilot scale for separating agave fructans into different molecular weight fractions that help to diversify them into more specific industrial applications. The effect of the transmembrane pressure of ultrafiltration performance was evaluated through hydraulic permeability, permeate flux and rejection coefficients, using the same operating conditions such as temperature, feed concentration and the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of membranes. The fouling phenomenon and the global yield of the process were evaluated in concentration mode. A size distribution analysis of agave fructans is presented and grouped by molecular weight in different fractions. Great differences were found between both systems, since rejection coefficients of 68.6% and 100% for fructans with degrees of polymerization (DP) > 10, 36.3% and 99.3% for fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and 21.4% and 34.2% for mono-disaccharides were obtained for ceramic and polymeric membrane systems, respectively. Thus, ceramic membranes are better for use in the fractionation process since they reached a purity of 42.2% of FOS with a yield of 40.1% in the permeate and 78.23% for fructans with DP > 10 and a yield of 70% in the retentate. Polymeric membranes make for an efficient fructan purification process, eliminating only mono-disaccharides, and reaching a 97.7% purity (considering both fructan fractions) with a yield of 64.3% in the retentate.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BAROMEMBRANE AND ELECTROBARMEMBRANE SEPARATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Lazarev ◽  
Sergey V. Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry N. Konovalov ◽  
Olga A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Current Voltage

The paper presents a generalized analysis of literature data on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of membrane systems. Based on an analysis of the literature, it is noted that electrodialysis is a promising method for the separation of solutions for the production of ammonium nitrate. An analysis of literature revealed that the application of an external constant electric field to the membrane separation of solutions containing charge-transporting components (nitrate ions and ammonium ions) causes the directed transfer of cations and anions through the membranes. The studies revealed that with the baromembrane separation of the studied solutions with increasing transmembrane pressure, the specific output stream increases. This is due to an increase in the driving force of the process. For the OFAM-K anode membrane, with an increase in the current density, with the electrobaromembrane separation of the ammonium nitrate solution, the specific output stream decreases, which is associated with a change in the pH value of the acidified anode permeate. nd for the OPMN-P cathode membrane, the specific output stream increases with a change in the pH of the alkalized cathode permeate. A modified mathematical equation is proposed for theoretical calculation of the specific output stream and the retention coefficient of the OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes. Experimental studies of membrane systems equipped with the anode OFAM-K and the near-cathode OPMN-P membranes from voltage and transmembrane pressure revealed that for the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate there are two characteristic periods on the current-voltage, omics characteristics and electrical conductivity of the membrane system (the first period is beyond regime, dissociation of water (H+ and OH-) at the phase boundary with the advent of additional electric current carriers, the second is the degradation of the active layer of a semipermeable membrane). When studying the current-voltage characteristics of a membrane system equipped with an anode OFAM-K and a near-cathode OPMN-P membranes, when separating model and technological solutions, a decrease in the total omics resistance of the system is observed, which is associated with the solution throttling process.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Standardisation of Devdarvadyarishta w.s.r to the Fermenting Vessel

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-711
Author(s):  
Chinky Goyal ◽  
Amrit Malik ◽  
Rimpaljeet Kaur ◽  
Namrata Joshi ◽  
Khemchand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel ◽  
Three Samples

Standard operating procedure for pharmaceutical preparation of Devdarvadyarishta has been developed in the present research work. A pilot scale study having 3 batches was carried out initially to find out the best possible fermenting vessel among glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel and also to investigate for any possible hurdle related with fermentation process as honey and not jaggery is used as sweetening agent in this formulation. Three samples of Devdarvadyarishta as per conventional method were prepared in accordance with Bhaishjya Ratnavali and process for standard of Devdarvadyarishta was set in as a Quality specification for the same. Porcelain jar was found to be the best as per the results of pilot study as evident by alcohol content of 5.73%, 6.25% and 6.10% respectively in glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel, the reaction being completed in between 38-47 days.  Approximate duration of Kwatha formation in all the batches was 9 hours with peak temperature during boiling being maintained at 920C. In all the three batches, fermentation started on 7th day, 7th day and 9th day, total duration of fermentation was 72 days, 70 days and 75 days, with % loss of 15.78%, 17.76% and 19.07% respectively. Mean % loss observed during preparation was 17.53%.

scholarly journals Dissolution of a 316L stainless steel vessel by a pool of molten aluminum

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Tutu ◽  
C.C. Finfrock ◽  
J.D. Lara ◽  
C.E. Schwarz ◽  
G.A. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel

Applications of flat sheet ceramic membrane for surface water and seawater treatments – introduction of performance in large-scale drinking water plant and seawater pretreatment pilot system in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Noguchi ◽  
M. H. Oo ◽  
T. Niwa ◽  
E. Fong ◽  
R. Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, has been using polymeric UF membrane in drinking water plants to produce high quality water whilst requiring a smaller footprint. Submerged polymeric hollow-fiber membrane has been used since 2003 in Chestnut Avenue Water Works (CAWW). PUB decided to use submerged-type ceramic membranes for enhancement of production capacity at CAWW. The flat-sheet ceramic membrane system was retrofitted into two spare, empty tanks with a combined design capacity of 36,400 m3/d. The system has been successfully put into operation, running at a net flux of 160 L/m2-h (LMH) since June 2017. Membrane integrity testing is automatically carried out once a week to ensure the membranes' integrity. Stable filtrate quality has been achieved with a low turbidity of 0.018 NTU on average. Pretreatment for seawater desalination is another application in which a ceramic membrane system can be operated at higher flux compared to that for polymeric membranes. A pilot scale system was installed at PUB R&D facility in Tuas to investigate sustainable operating flux and permeate quality. FeCl3 was used as a coagulant before ceramic filtration, with a dosage of 4–6 mg/L. It was shown that sustainable flux can be 181–249 LMH in seawater treatment system with flat sheet ceramic membranes. The silt density index and turbidity of permeate were 1.6–2.2 and 0.04–0.10 NTU, respectively, which indicates that the system can produce high quality water for feed of reverse osmosis systems.

scholarly journals Riboflavin-Radical Formation by Mechanochemical Solid-State Reaction Using Stainless Steel Vessel

2004 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi KONDO ◽  
Youji FURUTA ◽  
Shintarou OKITA ◽  
Yasushi SASAI ◽  
Hideki ARAMAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Radical Formation ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel

scholarly journals A Study of Laser Welding on 304 Stainless Steel Vessel Fabrication.

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu KITAGAWA ◽  
Kenji MAEHARA ◽  
Shinnosuke TAKEDA ◽  
Akira MATSUNAWA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel
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