Influence of changing drivers on realising the value of sewage sludge as a resource

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. F. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Far East ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Recycling ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure

Sewage sludge production is rising around the world. This is due to population growth, stricter legislation, and – especially in Far East Asia – investment in wastewater infrastructure. Whilst, it is typically considered a nuisance, sludge has numerous benefits which can be exploited, such as the reuse of nutrients or extraction of energy. Previously in Europe, reluctance for land recycling of sludge coupled with cheap energy led to the development of sludge treatment strategies which were heavily reliant on energy intensive processing such as drying. However, increasing energy costs, mounting importance of nutrient (especially phosphorous) recovery and growing influences of sustainability and carbon footprint reduction drivers have led to the development of new sludge treatment strategies. This paper highlights a number of case studies where this has been the case, and also discusses the value of sewage sludge, how this value can be optimised and what the potential barriers are.

Development of sludge treatment and disposal strategies for large conurbations: case study – Warsaw

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Hall ◽  
Anna Zmyslowska
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Wastewater Collection

The development of appropriate strategies for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a major problem for all conurbations throughout the world. Sludge treatment and disposal not only represents half of the total costs of municipal wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, but it is also strongly regulated, more so than almost any other form of waste, and readily attracts adverse media and public attention. Thus the challenge for wastewater authorities is to find affordable, sustainable and safe approaches to sludge management, which are also publicly acceptable. This paper describes the Best Environmental Option (BPEO) approach to identifying optimum sludge treatment and disposal strategies and its application to the sludge management problems of city of Warsaw and the surrounding region.

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

On Drummondia sinensis var. ussuriensis (Drummondiaceae, Bryophyta)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Afonina ◽  
V. Ya. Cherdantseva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
State Nature

Drummondia sinensis Mull. Hal. var. ussuriensis (Broth.) Vitt has been found in Sokhondinskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Zabaikalsky Territory, Southern Siberia). Earlier it was known in Russia from the southern part of the Far East as well as in north-eastern part of China and North of Mongolia. The type variety of Drummondia sinensis occurs in eastern part of China, Japan and India. Description and illustration of D. sinensis var. ussuriensis based on the material collected in Russia are given, comparison with close taxa is provided, and the world distribution is dicussed.

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

Comparison of sewage sludge treatment systems for regions with hot climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petia Mijaylova Nacheva ◽  
G. Moeller-Chávez ◽  
E. Ramírez-Camperos ◽  
L. Cardoso-Vigueros
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Aerobic Stabilization ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
High Pathogenic

The tropical regions have specific problems associated with high pathogenic density in the sewage sludge. The aim of this study was to select an adequate sludge stabilization and valorization system comparing the performance of four technologies: anaerobic stabilization without heating, aerobic stabilization, alkaline treatment with lime and aerobic composting. The study was performed in a pilot plant which was built and operated during six months. The main problem for the beneficial use of the sludge was its pathogenicity. All the systems allowed obtaining stabilized products which met the bacteriological criteria for some kind of use. The compost and the alkalinized sludge were bacteriologically safe for use without restrictions in accordance with the Mexican regulations. The accomplishment of the parasitological criteria for use was however impossible with the anaerobic and with the aerobic systems. The compost obtained at 55-60°C with 25d aeration time and the alkaline sludge fulfill the criteria established by for forest and agriculture use and for soil conditioning. The composting could reach the requirements for unrestricted use when operated at temperatures 65-70°C during 45 days which makes it the most adequate sludge treatment system for hot climate regions.

Treatment and Quality of Sewage Sludge in Germany - Results of a Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meda ◽  
C. Schaum ◽  
M. Wagner ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
A. Durth
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
German Association ◽  
Entire Treatment

TIn 2004, the German Association for Wastewater, Water and Waste (DWA) carried out a survey about the current status of sewage sludge treatment and disposal in Germany. The study covered about one third of the wastewater treatment plants and about two thirds of the entire treatment capacity (expressed in population equivalents) in Germany. This provides an up-to-date and representative database. The paper presents the most important results regarding sludge treatment, process engineering, current disposal paths and sewage sludge quality.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health among Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Laura Baams ◽  
Jenifer K. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young people are coming of age at a time of dynamic social and political changes with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility around the world. And yet, contemporary cohorts of SGM youth continue to evidence the same degree of compromised mental health demonstrated by SGM youth of past decades. The authors review the current research on SGM youth mental health, with careful attention to the developmental and contextual characteristics that complicate, support, and thwart mental health for SGM young people. Given a large and rapidly growing body of science in this area, the authors strategically review research that reflects the prevalence of these issues in countries around the world but also concentrate on how mental health concerns among SGM children and youth are shaped by experiences with schools, families, and communities. Promising mental health treatment strategies for this population are reviewed. The chapter ends with a focus on understudied areas in the SGM youth mental health literature, which may offer promising solutions to combat SGM population health disparities and promote mental health among SGM young people during adolescence and as they age across the life course.

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Luca Meyer ◽  
Rahel Wanner ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Rolf Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.

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