The microbial diversity, methane production, operational routine of an anaerobic reactor treating maize processing wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ince ◽  
Z. Cetecioglu ◽  
S. Celikkol ◽  
O. Ince
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Three Samples

Industrial wastewaters have turned out to be a significant problem during the last decades. The best alternative for maize processing wastewaters due to high organic content and slow biodegradability characteristics is anaerobic treatment, which is successfully used in the treatment of medium-high strength industrial wastewaters. This study investigates a full-scale anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating a maize industry wastewater in terms of reactor operation, methanogenic activity of reactor sludge, changes in composition and numbers of microbial populations during a 5-month period. Three samples were taken in 2-months intervals when the reactor was re-operated after a shut-down of 2 months. Combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (Q-PCR) and specific methanogenic activity tests were used to investigate composition, diversity and quantity of microbial community with activity of acetoclastic methanogens. During monitoring period, COD removal efficiencies and organic loading rates varied in ranges of 79–95% and 0.65–3.85 kg COD/m3.d, respectively. Potential methane production rates of the reactor sludges decreased 27% with time that is from 394 to 287 mL CH4/gVSS.d. Archaea, bacteria, and methanogens in the sludge samples were quantified by Q-PCR and the results showed that while amount of archaea was decreasing, quantity of methanogens increased during the monitoring time. The DGGE results of the anaerobic sludge revealed that the microbial diversity dramatically changed, particularly in the last sample. Among these, the differences in archaeal community were more remarkable. Although an average COD removal efficiency of 86%±8.2 which was quite a reasonably stable performance was maintained during the monitoring period, remarkable differences were observed on both acetoclastic methanogenic activity and the methanogenic community. The increase in the numbers of total methanogens despite the decrease of acetoclastic methanogenic activity might be an indicator of dominating hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway. Further, construction of clone library was necessary to identify the species and their changes within the all three samples.

Removal efficiency and methanogenic activity profiles in a pilot-scale UASB reactor treating settled sewage at moderate temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seghezzo ◽  
R.G. Guerra ◽  
S.M. González ◽  
A.P. Trupiano ◽  
M.E. Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity

The performance of a sewage treatment system consisting of a settler followed by an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor is described. Mean ambient and sewage temperature were 16.5 and 21.6°C, respectively. Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODt) concentration averaged 224.2 and 152.6 mg/L, for raw and settled sewage, respectively. The effluent concentration was 68.5 mgCODt/L. Total and suspended COD removal efficiencies of approximately 70 and 80%, respectively, have been observed in the system at a mean Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 2 + 5 h. Maximum COD removal efficiency was achieved in the UASB reactor when upflow velocity (Vup) was 0.43 m/h (HRT = 6 h). Mean Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) concentration in the granular sludge bed were 0.11 gCOD-CH4/gVSS.d and 30.0 gVSS/Lsludge, respectively. SMA was inversely related to VSS concentration, and both parameters varied along the sludge bed height. The Solids Retention Time (SRT) in the reactor was 450 days. Sludge characteristics have not been affected by changes of up to one month in Vup in the range 0.28–0.85 m/h (HRT 3–9 h). This system or two UASB reactors in series could be an alternative for sewage treatment under moderate temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon Toxicity towards Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens in Oily Waste Streams

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4830
Author(s):  
Bruno P. Morais ◽  
Valdo Martins ◽  
Gilberto Martins ◽  
Ana Rita Castro ◽  
Maria Madalena Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens ◽  
Oily Waste

Hydrocarbon-containing wastes and wastewaters are produced worldwide by the activities of the oil and gas industry. Anaerobic digestion has the potential to treat these waste streams, while recovering part of its energy potential as biogas. However, hydrocarbons are toxic compounds that may inhibit the microbial processes, and particularly the methanogens. In this work, the toxicity of hexadecane (0–30 mM) towards pure cultures of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium formicicum and Methanospirillum hungatei) was assessed. Significantly lower (p < 0.05) methane production rates were only verified in the incubations with more than 15 mM hexadecane and represented up to 52% and 27% inhibition for M. formicicum and M. hungatei, respectively. The results obtained point out that 50% inhibition of the methanogenic activity would likely occur at hexadecane concentrations between 5–15 mM and >30 mM for M. formicicum and M. hungatei, respectively, suggesting that toxic effects from aliphatic hydrocarbons towards hydrogenotrophic methanogens may not occur during anaerobic treatment. Hydrocarbon toxicity towards hydrogenotrophic methanogens was further assessed by incubating an anaerobic sludge with H2/CO2 in the presence of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (provided by the addition of an oily sludge from a groundwater treatment system). Specific methanogenic activity from H2/CO2 decreased 1.2 times in the presence of the hydrocarbons, but a relatively high methane production (~30 mM) was still obtained in the assays containing the inoculum and the oily sludge (without H2/CO2), reinforcing the potential of anaerobic treatment systems for methane production from oily waste/wastewater.

Temperature effect on UASB reactor operation for domestic wastewater treatment in temperate climate regions

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lew ◽  
M. Belavski ◽  
S. Admon ◽  
S. Tarre ◽  
M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated for the treatment of domestic wastewater at different operational temperatures (28, 20, 14 and 10°C) and loading rates. For each temperature studied a constant CODt removal was observed as long as the upflow velocity was lower than 0.35 m/h: 82% at 28°C, 68% at 14°C and 44% at 10°C. At 20°C the COD removal increased with the HRT, reaching similar values as at 28°C for long HRT. At upflow velocities higher than 0.35 m/h, a reduction in total COD removal was observed due to washout of influent TSS. At 28°C, a constant 200 g sludge mass was observed and COD removal was attributed to biological degradation only. At lower temperatures, COD removal resulted from degradation and solids accumulation in the reactor. The increase in reactor sludge was greater as the temperature decreased and explains the similar overall COD removal efficiency at 28°C, 20°C and 14°C. During the transition from winter to summer conditions (10°C to 28°C), methane production initially increased due to the degradation of accumulated solids. Afterwards, methane production gradually declined and an increase in COD removal was observed, indicating that the TSS accumulated during the winter was exhausted and influent degradation remained.

Biodegradability and methane production potential of glycerol generated by biodiesel industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2217-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Viana ◽  
A. V. Freitas ◽  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
S. T. Santaella
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Biodiesel Industry ◽  
Methane Production Potential

Crude glycerol, the main by-product of the biodiesel industry, is a material containing compounds considered recalcitrant to microorganisms. The aims of this study were to determine the anaerobic biodegradability and the methane production potential (MPP) of different crude glycerols generated from the transesterification of oils from several kinds of seeds and/or beans, and the anaerobic toxicity of crude glycerol obtained from a mixture of soybean and cottonseed oils. All tests were based on specific methanogenic activity assays (SMA). The biodegradability tests and the MPP assays lasted 30 days. Toxicity was evaluated through the statistical technique of factorial design and a response surface was generated in which the concentrations of crude glycerol and glucose were the independent variables and SMA was the dependent variable. The results showed that the type of seed or bean, as well as the transesterification process, affected the anaerobic biodegradability. Biodegradability ranged between 65.9 and 85.6% and MPP, between 0.220 and 0.322 m3 CH4/kg crude glycerol. The toxicity test showed that crude glycerol was not toxic to anaerobic sludge.

Potential of Recalcitrant Effluent to Generate Biogas by Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) -A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Wagh ◽  
Pravin Nemade ◽  
Ashok Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract The spent wash generated in the distillation process has very high organic content like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are treated to curtail the levels of COD and BOD. Day by day the rules and legislation are stringent and mandatory for disposal of distillery spent wash. Anaerobic treatment is the primary treatment widely adopted to generate biogas. To find out the potential of recalcitrant effluent a case study of the full-scale operating biomethanation plants at Sanjivani, SSK Ltd, Kopargaon, (M.S), India and Spectrum Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. (SREL) Warnanagar (M. S.), India was incorporated. Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket treatment was implemented to generate the biogas. Sanjivani distillery industry, Kopargaon has a COD removal efficiency of 70–72% with specific biogas generation of 0.5 m3/ kg COD removal, and total biogas generated is 38000 Nm3/d. Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) is the cutting-edge technology executed to convert distillery spent wash into useful by-products such as biogas, clean water, and organic manure.

Granular biomass selection in a double-stage biogas collection UASB reactor: effects on SMA, abundance and diversity of the methanogenic population

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2570-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Pereira ◽  
E. F. A. Mac Conell ◽  
S. Q. Silva ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The present work aimed at investigating biomass selection in a pilot-scale double-stage biogas collection (DSBC) upflow anaerobic sludge bed (USAB) reactor treating domestic wastewater. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) measurements and FISH countings were applied to sludge samples collected during 102 days of operation of the DSBC–UASB and of a control reactor. Results showed that both reactors presented similar SMA values in early stages of operation however the UASB–DSBC reactor showed much higher SMA after day 45, when the biomass was in granular stage. In terms of archaeal abundance, no statistical difference was observed between the reactors. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) revealed a similar composition of the archaeal communities in the two reactors and during the operational period, mainly constituted by Methanosaeta concilii. The results suggest that cell activity rather than archaeal abundance or diversity drive the methane production in the UASB reactors.

Comparison of the Behaviour of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) and Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors in Dilute and Concentrated Wastewater Treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jeison ◽  
R. Chamy
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

In the present study an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor were operated with different substrates under the same conditions. Ethanol, diluted beer (as a brewery effluent model) and wastewater from a coffee industry were tested. Ethanol was fed at two different concentrations: 0.5 and 10 gCOD/l. Beer was diluted to a concentration of 3gCOD/l and coffee wastewater had a concentration of approximately 7 gCOD/l. During the operation, samples of sludge were taken from both reactors to measure TSS, VSS, size distribution and methanogenic activity. Batch assays were performed in a third reactor using ethanol at two different superficial velocities to measure substrate uptake. The overall COD removal for ethanol at 500 gCOD/l in EGSB and UASB reactors was similar (around 80% for a sludge loading rate of 0.8 gCOD/day/gVSS). Granular sludge experienced an important development in its characteristics during the operation with ethanol. Superficial velocity showed a positive effect on COD removal for ethanol below 5m/h. There were no big differences in the removal rates during the operation with coffee wastewater. Probably in this effluent the process is limited by the reaction kinetics instead of by the mass transfer, due to the complex nature of the waste. With diluted beer, EGSB reactor showed a better performance than the UASB.

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

Inhibition of methanogenic activity of starch-degrading granules by aromatic pollutants

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. P. Fang ◽  
Ivan W. C. Lau ◽  
Denis W. C. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Aromatic Pollutants ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Pollutants ◽  
Ic50 Values

The effects of nine common aromatic pollutants from chemical industry on the bioactivity of anaerobic granules were examined. The granules were obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating wastewater containing colloidal starch. The specific methanogenic activities (SMA) of granules were measured at 37°C in serum vials using 3000 mg/l of colloidal starch as substrate, plus individual pollutants at various concentrations. The toxicity was expressed by the IR50 and IC50 values, i.e. the toxicant/biomass ratio and concentration at which levels the granules exhibited only 50% of their original bioactivities. Results showed that in general the granules exhibited mild resistance to toxicity of aromatic pollutants, probably due to the granules' layered microstructure. The toxicities, which were dependent on the nature of chemical functional group, of the aromatic pollutants were in the following descending order: cresols &gt; phenol &gt; hydroxyphenols/phthalate &gt; benzoate. There was only marginal difference between the toxicity of the steric isomers. For the seven phenolic pollutants, the more hydrophobic the functional group the higher the toxicity. The granules' resistance to toxicity suggested the plausibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the chemical industry.

The effect of extreme temperatures (70–80°C) on the effluent quality and sludge characteristics of UASB reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghida Lepistö ◽  
Jukka Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Sludge Characteristics ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The study focused on the effluent quality and sludge characteristics during the start-up and operation of extreme thermophilic (70 to 80°C) upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors, inoculated with mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludge and fed with acetate, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater. Low effluent quality and long start-up periods were observed during the start-up of the 70 to 76°C, VFA-fed UASB reactors inoculated with mesophilic granulae, while better effluent quality and considerably shorter start-up periods were observed when thermophilic (55/70°C) inocula were used. With VFA feed, a significant amount of acetate was removed at 70°C and even at 80°C, while propionate removal was negligible. With TMP whitewater feed, low VFA effluent concentration was obtained at 70°C. The volatile solids (VS) and the VS/total solids (TS) content of the sludge decreased significantly during the first 2–3 months of operation when mesophilic inocula were used. The initial specific methanogenic activity (ISMA) of the extreme thermophilic sludge decreased with increasing temperature and was slightly higher on glucose than on acetate. At 70 to 80°C, various rod-like bacteria were dispersed through the granulae in either individual or in low density micro colonies surrounded with a varying degree of precipitates.

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